Английская Википедия:Flannan Isles

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Scottish island The Flannan Isles (Шаблон:Lang-gd)[1] or the Seven Hunters are a small island group in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, approximately Шаблон:Convert west of the Isle of Lewis. They may take their name from Saint Flannan, the 7th century Irish preacher and abbot.[2]

The islands have been devoid of permanent residents since the automation of Flannan Isles Lighthouse in 1971.[3]

Geography

The islands are split into three groups: the main cluster of rocks that lie to the northeast include the two principal islands of Шаблон:Lang (Big Isle), which is approximately Шаблон:Convert in extent,[2] and Шаблон:Lang (House Isle). To the south lie Soray/Soraigh (Old Norse Suðurey, south island or Sauðurey, sheep's island) and Шаблон:Lang (probably from Old Norse sker, skerry, shallow rock in sea, and Gaelic tuaman, grave or mound);[4] while the main western outcrops are Шаблон:Lang (Isle of the Blacksmith), Roaireim (which has a natural rock arch), and Шаблон:Lang (Sad Sunk Rock). The total land area amounts to approximately Шаблон:Convert and the highest point is Шаблон:Convert above sea level on Eilean Mòr.[2]

Файл:Flannan isles.jpg
Шаблон:Center

The geology consists of a dark breccia of gabbros and dolerites intruding Archaean gneiss.[2] In prehistoric times, the area was covered by ice sheets that spread from Scotland out into the Atlantic Ocean. After the last retreat of the ice circa 20,000 years BP, sea levels were as much as Шаблон:Convert lower than at present and it is likely that the existing islands were part of a much larger land mass, although still separated from the Outer Hebrides by many miles of open water. Steadily rising sea levels thereafter would have reduced the land remaining above sea level to its present extent.[5]

There are two possible landing places for yachts visiting Шаблон:Lang to the east and west, although this may be hazardous given the regular heavy swells.[2] Шаблон:Clear left

History

Файл:Morus-bassanus Northern Gannet.jpg
Northern gannet (Morus bassanus) in flight

As the name implies, Eilean Taighe hosts a ruined stone shelter. Eilean Mòr is home to the lighthouse and a ruined chapel dedicated to Saint Flannán, which the lighthouse keepers referred to as the "dog kennel" because of its small size. These ruined bothies were described collectively by the Ancient Monuments Commission as The Bothies of the Clan McPhail,[6] or Bothain Chlann ‘ic Phaill.[7]

It is not entirely clear to which St Flannan the chapel pays honours. It is likely that the honoree was either the 7th-century Abbot of Killaloe, County Clare, Ireland, or alternatively, the half brother of the eighth century St Ronan, who gave his name to the nearby island of North Rona. There was also a certain Flann, son of an Abbot of Iona, called Maol-duine, who died in 890 and may also have lent his name to these isolated isles.[2]

The archipelago is also known as The Seven Hunters. During the Middle Ages, they also may have been called the Seven Haley (Holy) Isles.[8] Martin Martin (1703) lists a number of unusual customs associated with regular pilgrimages to Eilean Mòr, such as removing one's hat and making a sunwise turn when reaching the plateau.[9]

Wildlife

Шаблон:Further The isles provide nesting for a population of seabirds, including Atlantic puffins, northern fulmars, European storm-petrels, Leach's petrels, common shag, and black-legged kittiwakes. There is a gannetry on Roaireim.[7] From the late Middle Ages on, Lewismen regularly raided these nests for eggs, birds, and feathers. There is a population of rabbits, brought to the islands by the lighthouse keepers,[10] and crofters from Bernera graze sheep on the most fertile islands.[2] Minke and pilot whales, as well as Risso's and other species of dolphin, are commonly observed in the vicinity.[7]

The islands became a Site of Special Scientific Interest in December 1983.[11]

Lighthouse crew disappearance

Шаблон:Main In December 1900, all three lighthouse keepers vanished in mysterious circumstances. An official inquiry concluded that the three men had probably been swept away and lost at sea in rough weather while attending some equipment near the cliff edge.[12]

In fiction

The Flannan Isles are the main setting in Robert W. Sneddons's short story On the Isle of Blue Men which was first published in Ghost Stories magazine in April 1927. The Scottish-American author's "atmospheric, Lovecraftian thriller" was reissued by Charles G. Waugh with an alternate ending based on an older story by Sneddon in the Lighthouse Horrors anthology in 1993. Neil Gunn's epic novel The Silver Darlings published in 1941 describes a visit to the islands.[13] Eilean Mòr in particular also features prominently as the location of a murder central to the plot of Coffin Road, a 2016 novel by Peter May.

The Vanishing, a 2019 film starring Gerard Butler and Peter Mullan, is set on the isles and inspired by the infamous disappearances.

The Flannan Isles feature as one of the locations in ‘Never Let Me Down Again’, a novel by Mark Dawson which is one of his series of John Milton novels.

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Hebrides Шаблон:Islands of Scotland Шаблон:Coord

Шаблон:Good article

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Gaelic Placenames
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Шаблон:Haswell-Smith
  3. ↑ Nicholson (1995) pp. 168–79.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Murray (1973) pp. 68–69.
  6. ↑ "Flannan Isles Lighthouse" Шаблон:Webarchive, Northern Lighthouse Board website; retrieved 23 March 2008.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 "Western Isles Guide Book: Flannan Islands Шаблон:Webarchive. Charles Tait photographic Ltd. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  8. ↑ Munro, Sir Donald (1594) Description of the Western Isles of Scotland.
  9. ↑ Martin (1703) pp. 97-98.
  10. ↑ Murray (1973) p. 108.
  11. ↑ Scottish Natural Heritage list of SSSIs. Шаблон:Webarchive (pdf) SNH. Retrieved 28 December 2006.
  12. ↑ Munro, R.W. (1979), pages 170–71
  13. ↑ Gunn, Neil (1945) The Silver Darlings George W. Stewart. New York. Chapter 15.
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Flannan_Isles&oldid=14717412