Английская Википедия:Flat white
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Australian English
Шаблон:Use dmy datesA flat white is a coffee drink consisting of espresso with microfoam (steamed milk with small, fine bubbles and a glossy or velvety consistency). It generally has a higher proportion of espresso to milk than a caffè latte, and a thinner layer of microfoam than a cappuccino. While the origin of the flat white is unclear, various café owners in Australia and New Zealand claim its invention.
Description
Anette Moldvaer states that a flat white consists of a double espresso (50 ml/1.5 fl oz) and about 130 ml (4 fl oz) of steamed milk with a 5 mm (0.25 inch) layer of microfoam.[1] According to a survey of industry commentators, a flat white has a thin layer of microfoam (hence the 'flat' in flat white), as opposed to the significantly thicker layer of foam in a traditional cappuccino.[2]
The recipe for a flat white, however, varies between regions and cafés. In Australia a flat white is served in a ceramic mug, usually of the same volume (Шаблон:Convert) as a latte glass. However, some Australian cafés will top a latte with extra froth, while others may pour a flat white slightly shorter.[3] New Zealand flat whites are more commonly served in a tulip shaped cup (Шаблон:Convert). In both Australia and New Zealand, there is a generally accepted difference between lattes and flat whites in the ratio of milk to coffee and the consistency of the milk due to the way the milk is heated.Шаблон:Blockquote
Origins and history
Coffee historian Ian Bersten states that while the origin of the flat white is unclear, the drink probably originated in England in the 1950s.[4]
There are references to the beverage in Australia in the 1980s. A review of the Sydney café Miller's Treat in May 1983 refers to their "flat white coffee".[5] Another Sydney newspaper article in April 1984 satirised a vogue for caffè latte, stating that: "cafe latte translates as flat white."[6]
At Moors Espresso Bar in Sydney, Alan Preston added the beverage to his permanent menu in 1985.[4][7] Preston claimed he had imported the idea to Sydney from his native Queensland, where cafés in the 1960s and 1970s had frequently offered "White Coffee – flat".[8] Other documented references include the Parliament House cafeteria in Canberra putting up a sign in January 1985 saying "flat white only" during a seasonal problem with milk cows that prevented the milk froth from forming.[9][10]
However, the origins of the flat white are contentious, with New Zealand also claiming its invention.[11][4] One New Zealand claim originates in Auckland, by Derek Townsend and Darrell Ahlers of Cafe DKD, as an alternative to the Italian latte,[12][13] and a second New Zealand claim originates from Wellington as a result of a "failed cappuccino" at Bar Bodega on Willis St in 1989.[11] Craig Miller, author of Coffee Houses of Wellington 1939 to 1979, claims to have prepared a flat white in Auckland in the mid-1980s.[11]
Similar beverages
The flat white is similar to an original Italian cappuccino, which is a single espresso with microfoam served in a Шаблон:Convert cup.[14] The flat white, however, has a higher proportion of coffee and less foam.[1]
A flat white usually has a higher proportion of espresso to steamed milk than a caffè latte and the layer of froth is thinner.[3]
Outside Australia and New Zealand
The coffee style was exported to the United Kingdom by 2005, and by 2010 was being sold in Starbucks franchises there.[15] By 2013 the flat white was available in Australian cafés in New York City, with Hugh Jackman co-owning one of them and endorsing the product.[16] Starbucks debuted the flat white in American stores on 6 January 2015.[17]
Related terms
In the UK, the phrase flat white economy has been used to describe London's network of internet, media and creative businesses.[18][19]
See also
- Coffee culture in Australia
- Шаблон:Annotated link
- Caffè Americano
- Cappuccino
- Latte
- List of coffee drinks
- Long black
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ "Miller's Treat," café review, Liz Doyle and Brett Wright, Sydney Morning Herald, 6 May 1983
- ↑ "It's time to dare to be the same," Jenny Tabakoff, Sydney Morning Herald, 16 April 1984
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite newsШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ "How Canberra lost its froth," Milton Cockburn, Sydney Morning Herald, 10 January 1985
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite newsШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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