Английская Википедия:Focaccia
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox food
Focaccia (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell, Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell, Шаблон:IPA-it; Шаблон:Lang-lij, Шаблон:IPA-lij; Шаблон:Lang-nap, Шаблон:IPA-nap) is a flat leavened oven-baked Italian bread.[1] In some contemporary places, such as Rome, it is a style of pizza, also called Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally).[2][3][4] Focaccia may be served as a side dish or as sandwich bread and it may be round, rectangular, or square shape.
Etymology and terminology
In Ancient Rome, Шаблон:Lang[1] was a flat bread baked on the hearth.[5] The word is derived from the Latin Шаблон:Lang, 'hearth, place for baking'.[6] The basic recipe is thought by some to have originated with the Etruscans, but today it is widely associated with Ligurian cuisine,Шаблон:Citation needed while outside Liguria the word usually refers to the Genoese variants.[7]
The first attestation of the word Шаблон:Lang dates back to the 14th century.[8]
Focaccia is sometimes considered to be a variant of pizza in publications outside Italy,Шаблон:Efn although focaccia is left to rise after being flattened, while pizza is baked immediately.Шаблон:Efn
Regional variants
Focaccia genovese
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally), marked by its finger-sized holes on its surface (Шаблон:Lang in Genoese dialect),[9] is brushed or sprinkled with olive oil, coarse salt, and sometimes water before the final rise.[9][10]
In Genoa, focaccia is eaten in the morning at breakfast or during the day. It is often dipped in milk or in cappuccino at breakfast and eaten warm and wet.[9]
Ligurian variants
Focaccia has countless variations along the Ligurian coast, from the biscuit-hard Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally) to the corn-flour, oily, soft Voltri version,[11][12] some bearing little resemblance to the Genoese version.Шаблон:Citation needed
An extreme example is Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally), also called Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang, which is made in Recco, near Genoa. This version has stracchino cheese sandwiched between two layers of paper-thin dough.[13]
Other versions have a surface covered with sauce or ham.
Other variants
In northwest Italy, a popular variant is Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally), which is sprinkled lightly with sugar, and may include raisins or honey.[14] In northeast Italy, Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally) is typical for Easter; it is based on eggs, sugar, and butter and it is similar to panettone and pandoro.Шаблон:Citation needed In the city of Rimini,[15][16] Шаблон:Lang is a sweet focaccia topped with raisins, almonds, walnuts, and pine nuts,[17][18] and traditionally eaten in November for All Souls' Day.[16][17]
In South Tyrol and the Austrian village of Krimml, Шаблон:Lang (locally Шаблон:Lang) is a traditional Easter gift from godparents to their godchildren. It is made slightly thinner in the centre so that dyed eggs may be placed there.[19]
The traditional variant from Bari, Шаблон:Lang, is prepared with durum wheat flour and topped with tomatoes.
Focaccia al rosmarino
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally) is topped with rosemary.[20][21][22][23] It may be served as an antipasto, table bread, or snack.[24][25][26][27] Whole or sliced fresh rosemary leaves may be used,[21] as can dried rosemary.[28] It may be garnished with sprigs of fresh rosemary, after baking,[22] and sprinkled with salt.[28] Potato rosemary focaccia is often called "potato pizza" in New York City.[29]
Although rosemary is the most common herb used to flavor focaccia,[30] sage is also used, and the variant is called Шаблон:Lang.[22]
Шаблон:Lang may have a moist texture, and the exact recipe varies.[31] It may be savory or sweet.[31] It typically is baked, although it is sometimes fried.[31] Garlic[21] or basil may be added.[32] It is sometimes served accompanied with slices of Шаблон:Lang.[33][34] It may be used in the preparation of sandwiches.[23][35]
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Slices of Шаблон:Lang
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A close-up view of Шаблон:Lang
See also
- Cuisine of Liguria
- Panfocaccia
- Fougasse (bread)
- Coca (pastry)
- Pogača
- Sicilian pizza
- List of pizza varieties by country
Notes
References
Further reading
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Cookbook
Шаблон:Flatbreads Шаблон:Italian bread Шаблон:Street food Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокRiolo 2012не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокFraioli 2009не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокSimonis 2010не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 1985 reprinting, p. 718.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Massimo Alberini, Giorgio Mistretta, Guida all'Italia gastronomica, Touring Club Italiano, 1984, p. 192
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBertoli Mauriello 2011не указан текст - ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокOrsini Orsini 2007не указан текст - ↑ 23,0 23,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокDeseran Weaver 2013не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокLaStampa.it 2015не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокRicetteне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокKlein 2001не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMarcangelo Birch 1984не указан текст - ↑ 28,0 28,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMaldon 2012не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокReinhart 2010не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокSauvage 2015не указан текст - ↑ 31,0 31,1 31,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокDK Publishing 2010не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBarnett 1996не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMibне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBlogoне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMadison 2014не указан текст
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