Английская Википедия:Folly Farm, Sulhamstead
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Folly Farm is an Arts and Crafts style country house in Sulhamstead, West Berkshire, England. Built around a small farmhouse dating to Шаблон:Circa, the house was substantially extended in William and Mary style by architect Edwin Lutyens Шаблон:Circa, and further extended by him in vernacular style Шаблон:Circa. It is a Grade I listed building.[1] The gardens, designed by Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll, are Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[2] They are among the best-known gardens of the Lutyens/Jekyll partnership.[3]
House
Around 1906, Lutyens extended the 17th-century, timbered cottage for H. H. Cochrane, using grey brick dressed with red brick and ashlar, in William and Mary style.[2] The addition is H-shaped. The interior of the H's centre, which aligns east–west, is occupied by a two-storey, neoclassical style hall, which Lutyens painted black. The original cottage, which Lutyens connected to the northwest corner of the new house, became a service wing.[4]
Around 1912, Lutyens created the vernacular addition for new owners of the house, Zachary Merton and his wife Antonie,[5] who had both divorced from their former spouses to marry each other. Zachary Merton (born Zachary Moses) was a businessman and philanthropist.[6] His family had founded Metallgesellschaft in Germany and Henry R. Merton and Co. in Britain, which were among the leading metal trading companies of their respective countries.[7] Merton was a director and one of the largest shareholders of the British company.[8] Antonie had come to England from Germany with her previous husband, Hermann Schmiechen, a portrait painter.[9] She was a follower of theosophy, like Lutyens's wife Emily.[10]
Lutyens built the vernacular addition in red brick, with tile-hanging and weatherboarding.[1] He extended the line of the centre of the existing H with a two-storey connecting wing, containing on each floor a corridor Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide, leading to a much larger, new west wing, aligned north–south.[4] The west wing's south end features a large bay window on each floor.[11] At ground level, the south end contains a neoclassical dining room with a huge fireplace,[4] as high as the room.[10] Above the dining room, the main bedroom has a sleeping balcony (for outside sleeping), built over arches, on its west side.[11] On the east side, there is an L-shaped cloister with buttressed arches running alongside the dining room and along the south side of the connecting corridor,[4] bordering two sides of the Tank Court and its rectangular pool.[3]
The service quarters moved to the new wing, with a circular dairy attached to its northern end. The original cottage became a billiard room.[4]
Zachary Merton died in 1915.[2] Antonie Merton allowed Lutyens and his family to spend the summer of 1916 at Folly Farm,[10] where they entertained Jekyll,[5] the playwright Edward Knoblock and the painters William Nicholson and his wife Mabel Pryde. Nicholson painted a mural in the dining room during his stay.[10]
During World War II, the house served as a maternity hospital, then reverted to private ownership.[2] The British celebrity cook Keith Floyd (1943 - 2009) was born at Folly Farm on 28 December 1943[12]Шаблон:Circular reference.
Gardens
The formal gardens extend to the south and west of the house, with lawns beyond.[2]
In 1906, Lutyens and Jekyll turned the area around the original cottage and its barn into a series of walled courts.[3] To the south of the house, they created a walled kitchen garden and a rhododendron walk. The latter, running south along the eastern side of the gardens, has subsequently been replaced by a lime walk leading to a White Garden.[2]
In 1912 they placed a canal garden, with a long rectangular pool, to the south of the earlier William and Mary addition. Between the new west wing and the kitchen garden, they positioned a parterre garden, and to the west of that, a sunken rose garden. Tank Court, with its cloister and pool, has been called "probably Lutyens's Шаблон:Lang in garden architecture".[3]
The 18th-century thatched barn, the kitchen garden and some Lutyen-designed cottages of Шаблон:Circa are all Grade II listed.[2]
Notes
References
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:NHLE
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Шаблон:NHLE
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Brown (1982), pp. 93–5.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 Gradidge (1981), pp. 60–2.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Brown (1996), pp. 180–3.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Brown (1996), p. 106.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Ridley (2002), pp. 266–7.
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Gradidge (1981), pp. 142–3.
- ↑ Keith Floyd
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