Английская Википедия:Foreign Assistance Act

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox U.S. legislation The Foreign Assistance Act (Шаблон:USStatute, Шаблон:USC et seq.) is a United States law governing foreign aid policy. It outlined the political and ideological principles of U.S. foreign aid, significantly overhauled and reorganized the structure of U.S. foreign assistance programs, legally distinguished military from nonmilitary aid, and created a new agency, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to administer nonmilitary economic assistance programs. Following its enactment by Congress on September 4, 1961, President John F. Kennedy signed the Act into law on November 3, 1961, issuing Executive Order 10973 detailing the reorganization.

Synopsis

USAID unified already existing U.S. aid efforts, combining the economic and technical assistance operations of the International Cooperation Administration, the loan activities of the Development Loan Fund, the local currency functions of the Export-Import Bank, and the agricultural surplus distribution activities of the Food for Peace program of the Department of Agriculture.

The Act provides that no assistance is to be provided to a government which "engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, including torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges, causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction and clandestine detention of those persons, or other flagrant denial of the right to life, liberty, and the security of person, unless such assistance will directly benefit the needy people in such country."

The Act also provides that no assistance is to be provided to any Communist country. However, the President may waive this prohibition if he determines that such assistance is vital to the national security of the United States, that the country is not controlled by the international Communist conspiracy, and that the assistance will promote the country's independence from international Communism. The President may also remove a country from the application of this provision for a certain time which the President determines. In order to remove a country from the application of this provision, the President must determine and report to Congress that such action is important to the national security of the United States.

The Act was amended in 2004 specific to the treatment of orphans and other vulnerable children. This amendment allows the president to provide aid to the peoples of other countries to look after children in cases of HIV/AIDS and to set up schools and other programs for the advancement of child treatment.

Under the authority of this Act on March 16, 2022, President Biden authorized $800 million in new security assistance to Ukraine.

Excess Defense Articles

Section § 2403 of Title 22 U.S. Code defines "Excess Defense Articles" (EDA). The EDA Program is administered by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA). Excess defense articles are DoD and U.S. Coast Guard-owned articles no longer needed and declared excess by the U.S. Armed Forces. This excess equipment may be offered at reduced or no cost to eligible foreign recipients on an “as is, where is” basis in support of U.S. national security and foreign policy objectives.

Section 516(b)(1)(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act states that EDA transfers shall not adversely impact the U.S. national technology and industrial base, nor reduce the opportunities of U.S. industry to sell new or used equipment to the proposed recipient. In accordance with Executive Order 12163, as amended, the Director of DSCA makes the determination on the impact to industry.

Authority to transfer excess defense articles is the subject of Title 22 §2321j.

The EDA program has a useful database tool. It is run through the Department of State's Office of Regional Security and Arms Transfers. In 1993 the governments of Israel, Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Portugal, Morocco, and Oman and five North Atlantic Treaty Organization countries benefited from this program.

Amendments to 1961 Act

Chronological timeline of amendments and revisions to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

Date of Enactment	Public Law Number	U.S. Statute Citation	U.S. Legislative Bill	U.S. Presidential Administration
August 1, 1962	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	John F. Kennedy
December 16, 1963	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Lyndon B. Johnson
October 7, 1964	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Lyndon B. Johnson
September 6, 1965	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Lyndon B. Johnson
March 18, 1966	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Lyndon B. Johnson
September 19, 1966	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Lyndon B. Johnson
November 14, 1967	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Lyndon B. Johnson
October 8, 1968	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Lyndon B. Johnson
January 5, 1971	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Richard M. Nixon
December 30, 1974	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Gerald R. Ford
June 30, 1976	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:Usstat	Шаблон:USBill	Gerald R. Ford
September 8, 2017	Шаблон:USPL	Шаблон:USStat	Шаблон:USBill	Donald Trump

See also

• Alliance for Progress
• Arms Export Control Act
• Foreign Military Sales Act of 1968
• Iran-Contra
• Office of Public Safety (OPS)
• U.S. Foreign Policy
• War on Drugs
• War on Terror

External links

• Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, in HTML/PDF/details in the GPO Statute Compilations collection
• Information from USAID
• Foreign Operations Appropriations: General Provisions
• FAA-related documents and publications available through USAID's Development Experience Clearinghouse
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web