Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Armenia
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Politics of Armenia Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and the European Union.[1] It has full membership status in a number of international organizations, such as the Council of Europe and the Eurasian Economic Union, and observer status, etc. in some others. However, the dispute over the Armenian genocide of 1915 and the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict have created tense relations with two of its immediate neighbors, Azerbaijan and Turkey.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy agenda of the Government of Armenia and organizes and manages diplomatic services abroad. Since August 2021, Ararat Mirzoyan serves as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
Foreign relations
Armenia is a member of more than 70 different international organizations, including the following:
- Asian Development Bank
- Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Commonwealth of Independent States
- Council of Europe
- The EU's Eastern Partnership and the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
- The UN's Eastern European Group
- Eurocontrol
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- European Political Community
- Eurasian Economic Union
- Eurasian Development Bank and the Eurasian Customs Union
- Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- International Monetary Fund
- Interpol
- La Francophonie
- NATO's Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Individual Partnership Action Plan, and Partnership for Peace
- Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
- Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
- TRACECA
- United Nations
- World Bank, the World Customs Organization, and the World Trade Organization
Armenia is also an observer member of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, the Community of Democratic Choice, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization of American States, the Pacific Alliance,[2] the Arab League, the Community of Democracies,[3] a dialogue partner in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and a regional member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
Armenian genocide recognition
As of 2024, 34 states have officially recognized the historical events as genocide. Parliaments of countries that recognize the Armenian genocide include Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, United States, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela.[4] Additionally, some regional governments of countries recognize the Armenian genocide too, such as New South Wales and South Australia in Australia[5][6] as well as Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales in the United Kingdom.[7][8] US House Resolution 106 was introduced on 30 January 2007, and later referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The bill has 225 co-sponsors.[9] The bill called for former President George W. Bush to recognize and use the word genocide in his annual 24 April speech which he never used. His successor President Barack Obama expressed his desire to recognize the Armenian genocide during the electoral campaigns,[10] but after being elected, did not use the word "genocide" to describe the events that occurred in 1915.[11] The US House of Representatives formally recognized the Armenian genocide with House Resolution 296 on 29 October 2019.[12] The United States Senate unanimously recognized the genocide with Senate Resolution 150 on 12 December 2019.[13] In 2021, President Joe Biden became the first U.S. president to formally recognize the Armenian genocide.[14] As of 2022, all 50 U.S. states have also recognized the events as genocide.
Disputes
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Шаблон:See also Armenia provides political, material and military support to the Republic of Artsakh in the longstanding Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
The current conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 when Armenian demonstrations against Azerbaijani rule broke out in Nagorno–Karabakh and later in Armenia. The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast voted to secede from Azerbaijan and join Armenia. Soon, violence broke out against Armenians in Azerbaijan and Azeris in Armenia. In 1990, after violent episodes in Nagorno–Karabakh and Azerbaijani cities like Baku, Sumgait and Kirovabad, Moscow declared a state of emergency in Karabakh, sending troops to the region, and forcibly occupied Baku, killing over a hundred civilians. In April 1991, Azerbaijani militia and Soviet forces targeted Armenian populations in Karabakh, known as Operation Ring. Moscow also deployed troops to Yerevan. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, conflict escalated into a full-scale war between the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (supported by Armenia), and Azerbaijan. Military action was influenced by the Russian military, which manipulated the rivalry between the two neighbouring sides in order to keep both under control.Шаблон:Citation needed
More than 30,000 people were killed in the fighting during the period of 1988 to 1994. In May 1992, Armenian forces seized Shusha and Lachin (thereby linking Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia). By October 1993, Armenian forces succeeded in taking almost all of former NKAO, Lachin and large areas in southwestern Azerbaijan. In 1993, the UN Security Council adopted four resolutions calling for the cessation of hostilities, unimpeded access for international humanitarian relief efforts, and the eventual deployment of a peacekeeping force in the region. Fighting continued, however, until May 1994 at which time Russia brokered a cease-fire between the three sides.
Negotiations to resolve the conflict peacefully have been ongoing since 1992 under the Minsk Group of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The Minsk Group is co-chaired by Russia, France, and the United States and has representation from Turkey, the U.S., several European nations, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Despite the 1994 cease-fire, sporadic violations, sniper-fire and land mine incidents continue to claim over 100 lives each year.[15]Шаблон:Self-published inline
Since 1997, the Minsk Group co-chairs have presented three proposals to serve as a framework for resolving the conflict. Each proposal was rejected. Beginning in 1999, the presidents of Azerbaijan and Armenia initiated a direct dialogue through a series of face-to-face meetings, often facilitated by the Minsk Group Co-Chairs. The OSCE sponsored a round of negotiations between the presidents in Key West, Florida. U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell launched the talks on 3 April 2001, and the negotiations continued with mediation by the U.S., Russia and France until 6 April 2001. The Co-Chairs are still continuing to work with the two presidents in the hope of finding lasting peace.
The two countries are still at war. Citizens of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to Azerbaijan. If a person's passport shows evidence of travel to Nagorno–Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to Azerbaijan.[16][17]
In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenian forces and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.[18]
The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh were the latest escalations of the unresolved conflict.
Countries without diplomatic relations
Armenia does not have diplomatic relations with the following countries (organized by continent):
Africa
The Americas
Asia
- Azerbaijan, Pakistan (Pakistan is the only country in the world that does not recognize Armenia), Turkey
Oceania
Armenia also has no diplomatic relations with states with limited recognition except for the Republic of Artsakh.
Countries with diplomatic relations
List of countries which Armenia maintains diplomatic relations with:
Multilateral relations
Notes on some of Armenia's multilateral relations follow:
| Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Armenia established diplomatic relations with the African Union on 25 October 2010.[26]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Armenia was granted Observer Status in the Arab League in 2004 after a Syrian invitation.[27]
|
| Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–BSEC relations
|
| Шаблон:Flagicon image Collective Security Treaty Organization | Шаблон:Dts |
|
| Шаблон:Flagicon image Council of Europe | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia in the Council of Europe
|
| Шаблон:Flagicon image Eurasian Economic Union | Шаблон:Dts | See Member states of the Eurasian Economic Union and Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–European Union relations and Potential enlargement of the European Union
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–NATO relations
|
Bilateral relations
Notes on some of Armenia's bilateral relations follow (organized by continent):
Africa
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Algeria–Armenia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1992.[29] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Angola–Armenia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1994.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Benin relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 2007.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 2023.[31] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Burkina Faso relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1992.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Burundi relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1992.[32] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Cameroon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 2007.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Cape Verde relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 2007.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Central African Republic relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017.[33] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Chad relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 2006.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Comoros relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 2008.[34] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Congo relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 2007.[35] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Côte d'Ivoire relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 May 1998.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Democratic Republic of Congo relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 2015.[36] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Djibouti relations
In October 2015, both countries Foreign Ministers met to discuss establishing diplomatic relations and possible ways of developing bilateral ties.[37] Both countries officially established diplomatic relations on 22 May 2019 at the United Nations.[38] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Egypt relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Equatorial Guinea relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1992.[39] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Eritrea relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1994.[40] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Eswatini relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 2013.[41] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Ethiopia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Gabon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1994.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Gambia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2018.[44] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Ghana relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1992.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Guinea relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1992.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Guinea-Bissau relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1992.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Kenya relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 1993.[45] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Liberia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017.[46] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Libya relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in the year 2000.[47] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Madagascar relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Madagascar were established on 25 June 1993.[48] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Malawi relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 2012.[49] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Mali relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994.[50] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Mauritania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 2008.[51] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Mauritius relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Mauritius were established on 28 June 2013.[52] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Morocco relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in June 1992.[53]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Mozambique relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1995.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Namibia relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Namibia were established on 2 October 2006.[54] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Niger relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Niger were established on 26 November 2016.[55] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Nigeria relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993.[56] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Rwanda relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–São Tomé and Príncipe relations
There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and São Tomé and Príncipe. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Senegal relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 2004.[57]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Seychelles relations
Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 19 April 2006.[58] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Sierra Leone relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 2004.[59] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Somalia relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Somalia were established on 28 June 2001.[60] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–South Africa relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and South Africa were established on 23 June 1993.[61] |
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–South Sudan relations
Armenia and South Sudan have not yet established diplomatic relations, however the Foreign Minister of Armenia stated that Armenia recognizes the Republic of South Sudan as an independent state on 9 July 2011.[63] | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Sudan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1992.[64]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1992.[65] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Togo relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 2013.[66] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Tunisia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 July 2002.[67] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Uganda relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 2013.[68] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Zambia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993.[69] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Zimbabwe relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1992.[70] |
The Americas
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Antigua and Barbuda–Armenia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1993.[71] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Argentina–Armenia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Bahamas relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017.[72] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Barbados relations
There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Barbados. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Belize relations
Both countries established diplomatic relation on 12 February 1999.[73] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Bolivia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1992.[30]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Brazil relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See also Armenia–Canada relations, Embassy of Armenia in Ottawa, Armenian Canadian
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Chile relations
Chile recognized the Armenian genocide on 14 September 2007.[77][78][79] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Colombia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1994.[80]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Costa Rica relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1997.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Cuba relations |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Dominica relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 2019.[83][84][85][86][87][88] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Dominican Republic relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2007.[89] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Ecuador relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–El Salvador relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1999.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Guatemala relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1998.[91] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Guyana relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 2003.[92] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Greenland relations
Armenia maintains relations with Greenland via Denmark, established on 14 January 1992.[93] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Grenada relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April. 2012.[94] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Haiti relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1999.[95] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Honduras relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 2011.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Jamaica relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1995.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[96] | See Armenia–Mexico relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Nicaragua relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1994.[102] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Panama relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 1998.[103] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Paraguay relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July. 1992.[104]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[96] | See Armenia–Peru relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Saint Lucia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 2000.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Saint Kitts and Nevis relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017.[105] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Saint Vincent and the Grenadines relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 2004.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Suriname relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 July 1999.[30] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Trinidad and Tobago relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 2023. |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1920 & 1991 | See Armenia–United States relations
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 brought an end to the Cold War and created the opportunity for bilateral relations with the New Independent States (NIS) as they began a political and economic transformation. The U.S. recognized the independence of Armenia on 25 December 1991, and opened an embassy in Yerevan in February 1992.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Uruguay relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[96] | See Armenia–Venezuela relations
|
Asia
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Afghanistan–Armenia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1996.[109] |
| Шаблон:Flag | No diplomatic relations | See Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Sumgait pogrom, Baku pogrom, Maraga massacre, Khachkar destruction in Nakhichevan, Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
The two nations have fought two wars in 1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War) and in the 1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), in the past century, with last one ended with provisional cease fire agreement signed in Bishkek. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azeris lived in relative peace under the Soviet iron fist. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with sporadic massacres in Azerbaijan against Armenians resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions which was effectively halted when the three sides agreed to observe a cease-fire which has been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 the sides also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is co-chaired by the U.S., France and Russia, and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.Шаблон:Citation needed The sides are still technically at war. Citizens of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan. If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden to enter the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the three sides was brief, with few casualties on either side. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Bahrain relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in October 1996.[110] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Bangladesh relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 November 1992.[111]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Bhutan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Brunei Darussalam relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 2012.[110] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Cambodia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1992.[110] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–China relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–East Timor relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 2003.[114] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Georgia relations
Armenians and Georgians have a lot in common. Both are ancient Christian civilizations with their own distinct alphabets. Both use the terms "Apostolic" and "Orthodox" in the full titles of their respective churches. They also use the term "Catholicos" to refer to their church patriarchs. Despite all this, however, Armenians and Georgians have tended to have a tenuous relationship (at times, sharing close bonds while at other times regarding each other as rivals). Today, relations with Georgia are of particular importance for Armenia because, under the economic blockade imposed by Turkey and Azerbaijan due to the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Georgia offers Armenia its only land connection with Europe and access to its Black Sea ports. However, because of Armenia's reliance on Russia and Georgia, both of whom fought the 2008 South Ossetia war and severed diplomatic and economic relations as a result; and as 70% of Armenia's imports entered via Georgia especially from Russia which has imposed an economic blockade on Georgia, Armenia also has been indirectly affected from this blockade as well. The development of close relations between Turkey and Georgia (such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and South Caucasus natural gas pipeline) have also weighed on the mutual relations. For example, on 20 March 2006, Georgian Ambassador to Armenia Revaz Gachechiladze stated,However, Armenian-Georgian relations have begun to improve. On 10 May 2006, Armenia and Georgia agreed on the greater part of the lines of the state border between the two countries. The Javakheti region in southern Georgia contains a large Armenian population and although there have been local civic organizations (such as United Javakhk) pushing for autonomy, there has been no violence between Armenians and Georgians in the area. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–India relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Indonesia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1992.[117]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Iran relations
Despite religious and ideological differences, relations between Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Iran remain cordial and Armenia and Iran are strategic partners in the region. Armenia and Iran enjoy cultural and historical ties that go back thousands of years. There are no border disputes between the two countries and the Christian Armenian minority in Iran enjoys official recognition. Of special importance is the cooperation in the field of energy security which lowers Armenia's dependence on Russia and can in the future also supply Iranian gas to Europe through Georgia and the Black Sea.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Iraq relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in the year 2000[119]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Israel relations
Since independence, Armenia has received support from Israel. While both countries have diplomatic relations, neither maintained an embassy in the other country, until Armenia opened an embassy in Tel-Aviv in 2020. Ehude Moshe Eytam, the Israeli ambassador to Armenia is based in Tbilisi, Georgia, and visits Yerevan twice a month. Israel has recognized 24 Armenians as Righteous Among the Nations for risking their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Japan relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Jordan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1996.[120]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Kazakhstan relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Kuwait relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1993 | See Armenia–Kyrgyzstan relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1998 | See Armenia–Laos relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 1998.[125] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Lebanon relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Lebanon were established on 4 March 1992. Armenian-Lebanese relations are very friendly. Lebanon is host to the eighth largest Armenian population in the world with around 160,000 Armenians in the country. Lebanon is the only member of the Arab League, much less of the Middle East and the Islamic World that recognizes the Armenian genocide. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Armenia announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on 27 July 2006.[126][127] In September 2009 Mr. Ashot Kocharian was appointed the Ambassador of Armenia in Lebanon. On 18 April 2013, the newly appointed Ambassador of Lebanon to Armenia Mr. Jean Makaron presented his credentials to the President of Armenia. On 4 March 2016, Mr. Samvel Mkrtchyan was appointed the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to the Lebanese Republic.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Malaysia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1995 | See Armenia–Maldives relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995.[128] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1992 | See Armenia–Mongolia relations |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Myanmar relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 2013.[130] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Nepal relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1993.[131] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 13 February 1992[132] | See Armenia–North Korea relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Oman relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in July 1992.[133]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–Pakistan relations
Armenia-Pakistan relations are poor owing to disagreements between the two countries. The main issue is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Pakistan is a major supporter of Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Pakistan also does not recognize Armenia despite Armenia recognizing Pakistan. Pakistan does not recognize the Armenian genocide and maintains that during the war large number of Armenians and Muslims were killed. Armenia also has friendly relations with India, which Pakistan heavily opposes. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Philippines relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Qatar relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1997.[110]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[134] | See Armenia–Saudi Arabia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 2023.[135] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Singapore relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1992.[136] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 21 February 1992[137] | See Armenia–South Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Korea began on 21 February 1992.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Sri Lanka relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Syria relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1992 | See Armenia–Tajikistan relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1992 | See Armenia–Thailand relations |
| Шаблон:Flag | No formal diplomatic relations | See Armenia–Turkey relations
Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize Armenia's independence in 1991. Despite this, for most of the 20th century and early 21st century, relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries for numerous reasons. Some bones of contention include the unresolved Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan (which has resulted in Turkey imposing a blockade on Armenia that is still in effect today), the treatment of Armenians in Turkey, the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, and the Armenian claim of Turkey's holding of historic Armenian landsШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Dubious (ceded to them in the Treaty of Kars, a treaty which Armenia refuses to recognize to this day since it was signed between the Soviet Union and Turkey, and not between Armenia and Turkey proper). At the forefront of all disputes, however, is the issue surrounding the Armenian Genocide. The killing and deportation of between one and one-and-a-half million Armenians from the Ottoman Empire orchestrated by the Young Turks is a taboo subject in Turkey itself as the Turkish government refuses to acknowledge that a genocide ever happened. However, since Turkey has become a candidate to join the European Union, limited discussion of the event is now taking place in Turkey. Some in the European Parliament have even suggested that one of the provisions for Turkey to join the E.U. should be the full recognition of the event as genocide. On 5 June 2005, Armenian President Robert Kocharian announced that he was ready to "continue dialogue with Azerbaijan for the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and with Turkey on establishing relations without any preconditions."[148] Armenia has also stated that as a legal successor to the Armenian SSR, it is loyal to the Treaty of Kars and all agreements inherited by the former Soviet Armenian government.[149] Yet Turkey continues to lay preconditions on relations, insisting that Armenia abandon its efforts to have the Genocide recognized, which official Yerevan is not willing to do. In the wake of the 2008 South Ossetia war between Georgia and Russia, Armenia and Turkey have shown signs of an inclination to reconsider their relationship. According to The Economist magazine, 70% of Armenia's imports enter via Georgia. Because of the apparently belligerent posture of the Russian state, economic ties with Turkey appear especially attractive.[150] It is estimated that around 70,000 Armenians live in Turkey today, down from nearly 2 million before the start of the Armenian genocide in 1915. See Armenians in Turkey. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Turkmenistan relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–United Arab Emirates relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Uzbekistan relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Vietnam relations |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Yemen relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1995.[159] |
Europe
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Albania–Armenia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Andorra–Armenia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Austria relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Belarus relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Belgium relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Bulgaria relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Croatia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Cyprus relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Czech Republic relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Denmark relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Estonia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Finland relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–France relations
Franco-Armenian relations have existed since the French and the Armenians established contact in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and are close to this day. 2006 was proclaimed the Year of Armenia in France.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Germany relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Greece relations
Greece was one of the first countries to recognize Armenia's independence on 21 September 1991, and one of those that have officially recognized the Armenian Genocide. Since the independence of Armenia the two countries have been partners within the framework of international organizations (United Nations, OSCE, Council of Europe, BSEC), whilst Greece firmly supports the community programs aimed at further developing relations between the EU and Armenia. Continuous visits of the highest level have shown that both countries want to continue to improve the levels of friendship and cooperation (Visit by the President of Armenia Levon Ter-Petrossian to Greece in 1996, visit by the President of the Hellenic Republic Costis Stephanopoulos in 1999, visit by the President of Armenia Robert Kocharyan to Greece in 2000 and 2005 and visit by Greek president Karolos Papoulias to Armenia in June 2007). Greece is, after Russia, the major military partner of Armenia. Armenian officers are trained in Greek military academies, and various technical assistance is supplied by Greece. Since 2003, an Armenian platoon has been deployed in Kosovo as part of KFOR, where they operate as a part of the Greek battalion of KFOR. It is estimated that around 80,000 Armenians live in Greece.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Holy See relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts |
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Iceland relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Ireland relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Italy relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–Kosovo relations
| |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Latvia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Liechtenstein relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 2008. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Lithuania relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Luxembourg relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Malta relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Moldova relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Monaco relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Montenegro relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 2006.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Netherlands relations and Armenians in the Netherlands
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[170] | See Armenia–North Macedonia relations
Both countries established relations on 27 April 1993. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Norway relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Poland relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Portugal relations
One of the most notable Armenians who resided in Portugal was Calouste Gulbenkian. He was a wealthy Armenian businessman and philanthropist, who made Lisbon the headquarters for his businesses. He established the international charity, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon. He also founded the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon.[173][174] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Romania relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Russia relations
Armenia's most notable recent foreign policy success came with 29 August treaty with Russia on friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance, in which Moscow committed itself to the defense of Armenia should it be attacked by a third party. Russia is the key regional security player, and has proved a valuable historical ally for Armenia. Although it appeared as a response to Aliyev's US trip, the treaty had probably long been under development. However, it is clear from the wider context of Armenian foreign policy that—while Yerevan welcomes the Russian security guarantee—the country does not want to rely exclusively on Moscow, nor to become part of a confrontation between Russian and US-led alliances in the Transcaucasus.
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–San Marino relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Serbia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Slovakia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Slovenia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Sovereign Military Order of Malta relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Spain relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Sweden relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Switzerland relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Ukraine relations
Armenian–Ukrainian relations have lasted for centuries and today are cordial. Relations between Armenia and Ukraine have deflated since Armenia recognized the disputed referendum in Crimea and its subsequent annexation by Russia, and Ukraine has withdrawn its ambassador to Armenia for consultations. The Ukrainian government has asserted that this is temporary and that diplomatic relations between the two states shall indeed continue.[184] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–United Kingdom relations
|
Oceania
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Australia relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Fiji relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 2010.[188] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Kiribati relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018.[189] |
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–Marshall Islands relations
There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and the Marshall Islands. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Micronesia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017.[190] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Nauru relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2017.[191] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–New Zealand relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1992.[192]
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Palau relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017.[190] |
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–Papua New Guinea relations
There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Papua New Guinea. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–Samoa relations
There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Samoa. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | See Armenia–Solomon Islands relations
There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Solomon Islands. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Tuvalu relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 2012.[193] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | See Armenia–Vanuatu relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2013.[194] |
Other international organizations
Armenia is additionally a full member, unless otherwise noted, in the following international organizations, programs and treaties: Шаблон:Columns-list
See also
- Armenia and the United Nations
- Armenia–BSEC relations
- Armenia in the Council of Europe
- Armenia–European Union relations
- Armenia–NATO relations
- Armenia–OSCE relations
- Armenian diaspora
- Armenian population by urban area
- Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
- Foreign relations of Artsakh
- List of ambassadors of Armenia
- List of diplomatic missions in Armenia
- List of diplomatic missions of Armenia
- List of ministers of foreign affairs of Armenia
- Politics of Europe
- Visa policy of Armenia
- Visa requirements for Armenian citizens
Footnotes
References
External links
- Argentina
- List of Treaties ruling the relations Argentina and Armenia (Argentine Foreign Ministry, in Spanish)
- Canada
- Armenian embassy in Ottawa
- Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Armenian
- Chile
- Шаблон:Cite news
- Chilean Senate: recognition of the Armenian genocide (in Spanish only) Шаблон:Webarchive
- Czech
- Armenian embassy in London
- British Foreign and Commonwealth Office about relations with Armenia *British embassy in Yerevan
- Denmark
- NATO
- Iskandaryan, Alexander:"NATO and Armenia: A Long Game of Complementarism" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 5
- International
- Khachatrian, Haroutiun: "Foreign Investments in Armenia: Influence of the Crisis and Other Peculiarities" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 28
Шаблон:Foreign relations of Armenia Шаблон:Armenia topics Шаблон:Armenia ties Шаблон:Foreign relations of Asia Шаблон:Foreign relations of Europe
- ↑ – "Armenian Foreign Policy Between Russia, Iran And U.S." – 29 March 2010 Шаблон:Webarchive
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