Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Austria
Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Politics of Austria
The 1955 Austrian State Treaty ended the four-power occupation and recognized Austria as an independent and sovereign state. In October 1955, the Federal Assembly passed a constitutional law in which "Austria declares of her own free will her perpetual neutrality." The second section of this law stated that "in all future times Austria will not join any military alliances and will not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on her territory." Since then, Austria has shaped its foreign policy on the basis of neutrality.
In recent years, however, Austria has begun to reassess its definition of neutrality, granting overflight rights for the UN-sanctioned action against Iraq in 1991, and, since 1995, contemplating participation in the EU's evolving security structure. Also in 1995, it joined the Partnership for Peace, and subsequently participated in peacekeeping missions in Bosnia. Discussion of possible Austrian NATO membership intensified during 1996. ÖVP and Team Stronach aim at moving closer to NATO or a European defense arrangement. SPÖ and FPÖ, in turn, believe continued neutrality is the cornerstone of Austria's foreign policy, and a majority of the population generally supports this stance.
In February 2000, Austria's foreign relations underwent controversy when the ÖVP formed a coalition with the FPÖ after the 1999 election. European governments imposed diplomatic sanctions, and the United States recalled its ambassador.[1] Sanctions were lifted in September 2000 after a three-member panel assessed human rights and political life in Austria.[2] In November 2000, the United States and Austria normalized their relations.[3]
Austrian leaders emphasize the unique role the country plays as an East-West hub and as a moderator between industrialized and developing countries. Austria is active in the United Nations and experienced in UN peacekeeping efforts. It attaches great importance to participation in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and other international economic organizations, and it has played an active role in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
Vienna hosts the Secretariat of the OSCE and the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and the United Nations Drug Control Programme. Other international organizations based in Vienna include the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Organization for International Economic Relations (OiER) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Recently, Vienna added the preparatory commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization and the Wassenaar Arrangement (a technology-transfer control agency) to the list of international organizations it hosts. Furthermore, the Permanent Secretariat of an international territorial treaty for the sustainable development of the Alps called the Alpine Convention is located in Tyrol's capital Innsbruck.
Austria traditionally has been active in "bridge-building to the east," increasing contacts at all levels with Eastern Europe and the states of the former Soviet Union. Austrians maintain a constant exchange of business representatives, investment, trade, political leaders, students, cultural groups, and tourists with the countries of central and eastern Europe. In addition, the Austrian Government and various Austrian organizations provide assistance and training to support the changes underway in the region.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Austria maintains diplomatic relations with:
Bilateral relations
Austria maintains significant bilateral relations with several countries.
Multilateral
| Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | See 1995 enlargement of the European Union
Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–NATO relations
Austria is not a member of NATO. |
Africa
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | ||
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1929 | See Austria–Egypt relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 15 December 1964 | See Austria–Kenya relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when established Austrian Embassy in Nairobi.[178]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 5 October 1990 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1990[179]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 21 December 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962[180]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 26 January 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 January 1966 when the Austrian Ambassador to Uganda (resident in Nairobi) , Dr. F. Kudernatsch presented his credentials to the President , Sir Edward Mutesa.[181]
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Americas
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1864 | See Argentina–Austria relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 27 October 1903 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1903.[182]
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Brazil relations | |
| Шаблон:Flag | 9 August 1952 | See Austria–Canada relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1952[183]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1846 | See Austria–Chile relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1920 | see Austria–Colombia relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 3 November 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978[184]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 20 February 1952 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1952 when Dr. Wolfgang Hoeller, Charge d'Affaires of Austria with residence in Mexico presents his letters of credentials to Cabinet of Honduras.[185]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1842 | See Austria–Mexico relations
During the French intervention in Mexico between 1864 and 1867, with French backing Maximilian I of Mexico, member of Austria's Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico.
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| Шаблон:Flag | 2 November 1949 | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1921 | See Austria–United States relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Uruguay relations
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Asia
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 24 January 1992 | See Armenia–Austria relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 20 February 1992 | See Austria–Azerbaijan relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 28 May 1971 | See Austria–China relations |
| Шаблон:Flag | 25 March 1992 | See Austria–Georgia relations
Georgia opened its embassy in Vienna in 1996.[187]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1949 | See Austria–India relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 20 November 1954 | See Austria–Indonesia relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 4 September 1872 | See Austria–Iran relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1949 | See Austria–Israel relations
See also History of the Jews in Austria. |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1869-10 | See Austria–Japan relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Kazakhstan relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 6 December 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1951 when M. Robert Friedinger-Pranter had been accredited as Minister of Austria to Lebanon (resident in Cairo).[191]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 6 August 1963 | See Austria–Malaysia relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 13 June 1953 | See Austria–Pakistan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1953[193]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1946-10-17 | See Austria–Philippines relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 10 September 1957 | See Austria–Saudi Arabia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1957[194]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1892 As Chosun Dynasty/1963-05-22[195] | See Austria–South Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Austria in German (Republik Österreich) and the Republic of Korea in Korean (대한민국) Started on 1892. In April 2007 the President of Austria Heinz Fischer paid a state visit to South Korea. It was the first ever state visit of an Austrian President to South Korea.[196]
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Turkey relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 10 March 1974 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1974[197]
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Vietnam relations
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Europe
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1912 | See Albania–Austria relations
Austria-Hungary supported Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912. |
| Шаблон:Flag | 5 February 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1992[198]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 22 July 1832 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1832 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Austria baron de Loe.[199]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 8 April 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1992[200] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1878 | See Austria–Bulgaria relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 15 January 1992 | See Austria–Croatia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1992[202]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1960 | See Austria–Cyprus relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1920-01-20 | See Austria–Czech Republic relations
Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 362 km of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement. |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1925-12-19 | See Austria–Denmark relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1921-06-26 |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1918-07-19 | See Austria–Finland relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1535 | See Austria–France relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Germany relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 25 August 1834 | See Austria–Greece relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1834 when has been appointed Anton Prokesch von Osten as the first Ambassador of Austria to Greece.[203]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1921 | See Austria–Hungary relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1928 |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1951 |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 27 January 1867 | See Austria–Italy relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1867 when has been appointed first Envoy Extraordinary and minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Austro-Hungary Giulio Camillo De Barral De Monteauvrard.[204]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 2008 | See Austria–Kosovo relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1921-02-17 |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 30 January 1891 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1891[206]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 9 November 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1966.[207]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1992-03-25 | See Austria–Moldova relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 2006-07-12 | See Austria–Montenegro relations |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 27 March 1906 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1906[208]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 6 September 1921 | See Austria–Poland relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1921.[209]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 22 September 1878 | See Austria–Romania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1878[210]
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Russia relations | |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1874 | See Austria–Serbia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1874. |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1993 |
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Slovenia relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Spain relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Sweden relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | See Austria–Switzerland relations
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| Шаблон:Flag | 24 January 1992 | See Austria–Ukraine relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1992[211]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 1799 | See Austria–United Kingdom relations
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Oceania
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1948 |
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See also
- List of diplomatic missions in Austria
- List of diplomatic missions of Austria
- Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs (Austria)
- Visa requirements for Austrian citizens
References
Further reading
- Horn, David Bayne. Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century (1967) covers 1603-1702; pp 111-43.
External links
Шаблон:Foreign relations of Austria Шаблон:Austria topics Шаблон:Foreign relations of Europe
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