Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Chad
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Politics of Chad
The foreign relations of Chad are significantly influenced by the desire for oil revenue and investment in Chadian oil industry and support for former Chadian President Idriss Déby. Chad is officially non-aligned but has close relations with France, the former colonial power.Шаблон:Update inline Relations with neighbouring Libya, and Sudan vary periodically. Lately, the Idris Déby regime waged an intermittent proxy war with Sudan. Aside from those two countries, Chad generally enjoys good relations with its neighbouring states.
Africa
Although relations with Libya improved with the presidency of Idriss Déby, strains persist. Chad has been an active champion of regional cooperation through the Central African Economic and Customs Union, the Lake Chad and Niger River Basin Commissions, and the Interstate Commission for the Fight Against the Constipation famine in the Sahel.
Delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria.
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Шаблон:Flag | 18 August 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1975[1] |
Шаблон:Flag | 23 June 2005 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 2005 when Angolian Ambassador to Chad with residence in Libreville (Gabon) Mr. Emílio Guerra presented his credentials to President Idriss Deby.[2] |
Шаблон:Flag | 18 October 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1976[3] |
Шаблон:Flag | 9 February 2015 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 2015 when first Ambassador of Chad to Botswana, Mr. Mahamoud Bechir, presented his credentials to President Khama.[4] |
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Шаблон:Flag | 6 December 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1972 when first Ambassador of Chad to Burundi Mr. Alphonse M'Bainoungam, presented his credentials to the Chief of the Burundi state, Colonel Michel Micombero.[6] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962[7] |
Шаблон:Flag | 29 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 February 1964 when has been accredited first Permanent Representative (Ambassador) of Chad to Central African Republic Mr. Thomas Keiro.[8]
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Шаблон:Flag | 13 February 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1963 when has been appointed Mr. Simon Bilombo as Permanent Representative of the Republic of Congo to Chad.[9] |
Шаблон:Flag | 20 April 2009 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 2009[10] |
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Шаблон:Flag | 12 October 2021 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 2021 when Ambassador of Eritrea to Chad with residence in Khartoum Mr. Issa Ahmed Issa, presented his credentials to Head of State, General Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno.[12] |
Шаблон:Flag | 21 October 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1969 when the first Ambassador of Chad to Ethiopia, M. Abdurahman Musa, presented his credentials to Emperor Haile Selassie[13]
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Шаблон:Flag | 31 August 2021 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 2021[15] |
Шаблон:Flag | 24 July 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 July 1967 when first Ghanaian Ambassador to Chad, with residence in Kinshasa, M. John Quashie has presented his credentials to President Tombalbaye[16] |
Шаблон:Flag | 29 August 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1968 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Chad, Mr. Filly Cissoko, presented his credentials to President Tombolbaye[17] |
Шаблон:Flag | 15 November 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1977[18]
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Шаблон:Flag | See Chad-Libya relations
Chadian-Libyan relations were ameliorated when Libyan-supported Idriss Déby unseated Habré on December 2. Gaddafi was the first head of state to recognize the new regime, and he also signed treaties of friendship and cooperation on various levels; but regarding the Aouzou Strip Déby followed his predecessor, declaring that if necessary he would fight to keep the strip out of Libya's hands.[20][21] The Aouzou dispute was concluded for good on February 3, 1994, when the judges of the ICJ by a majority of 16 to 1 decided that the Aouzou Strip belonged to Chad. The court's judgement was implemented without delay, the two parties signing as early as April 4 an agreement concerning the practical modalities for the implementation of the judgement. Monitored by international observers, the withdrawal of Libyan troops from the Strip began on April 15 and was completed by May 10. The formal and final transfer of the Strip from Libya to Chad took place on May 30, when the sides signed a joint declaration stating that the Libyan withdrawal had been effected.[22] | |
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Шаблон:Flag | The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and Idriss Déby visited Mozambique in November 2016.[24] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 October 2016 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 2016 when has been accredited non-resident Ambassador of Chad to Namibia Mr. Ahmat Awad Sakine.[25]
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Шаблон:Flag | See Chad-Nigeria relations
Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighboring states, including Chad.[27] Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices.[27] At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians.[27] Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties.[27] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 9 December 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1972 when Alphonse M'Bainoungam, ambassador of Chad to Zaire, presented his letters of credentials to Rwanda.[28] |
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Шаблон:Flag | 21 October 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1994[29]
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Шаблон:Flag | 15 March 1961 | See Chad-Sudan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1961[30] On December 24, 2005, Chad declared itself as in a "state of belligerance" with neighboring Sudan. The conflict in the border region of Darfur has become an increasingly bi-national affair as increasing numbers of Sudanese flee to refugee camps in Chad, and Sudanese government troops and militias cross the borders to strike at both these camps and specific ethnic groups. Although the Government of Chad and the Government of Sudan signed the Tripoli Agreement on February 8, 2006, officially ending hostilities, fighting continues. On August 11, 2006, Chad and Sudan resumed relations at the behest of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.[31] Chad broke diplomatic relations with Sudan at least twice in 2006 because it believed the Sudanese government was supporting Janjaweed and UFDC rebels financially and with arms. Two accords were signed, the Tripoli Accord, which was signed on February 8 and failed to end the fighting, and the more recently signed N'Djamena Agreement. On May 11, 2008, Sudan announced it was cutting diplomatic relations with Chad, claiming that it was helping rebels in Darfur to attack the Sudanese capital Khartoum.[32] |
Шаблон:Flag | The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and Idriss Déby visited Kenya in November 2016.[33] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 10 April 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1985 when Ambassador of Chad Mr. Youssouf Nboudou Mbami presented his credentials to President of Togo.[34] |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 January 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1968[35] |
Шаблон:Flag | 8 September 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 September 1976 when Ambassador of Uganda Lt.-Col. Mohamadou Omoua Aziz has presented his credentials to President of Chad Malloum.[36] |
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Шаблон:Flag | 13 February 2023 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 2023 when first Ambassador of Zimbabwe to Chad with residence in Khartoum Dr Emmanuel Bulukani Runganga Gumbo, presented his credentials to President of Transition, General Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno.[38] |
Americas
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Шаблон:Flag | 24 May 1974 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1974[39]
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Шаблон:Flag | 8 October 1996 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1996[41] |
Шаблон:Flag | February 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in February 1962[43] |
Шаблон:Flag | 26 September 2018 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018[46] |
Шаблон:Flag | 29 September 1988 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1988[47] |
Шаблон:Flag | 9 June 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1976[48]
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Шаблон:Flag | 25 February 1976 | See Chad–Mexico relations
Chad and Mexico established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1976.[50] In May 2002, Chadian Prime Minister Nagoum Yamassoum paid a visit to the Mexican city of Monterrey to attend the Monterrey Consensus conference.[51] |
Шаблон:Flag | 24 September 2021 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 2021[54] |
Шаблон:Flag | 11 August 1960 | See Chad–United States relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1960[55] The US embassy in N'Djamena, established at Chadian independence in 1960, was closed from the onset of the heavy fighting in the city in 1980 until the withdrawal of the Libyan forces at the end of 1981. It was reopened in January 1982. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Information Service (USIS) offices resumed activities in Chad in September 1983. The United States Department of State issued a travel advisory to U.S. citizens in 2009, recommending that citizens not affiliated with humanitarian efforts avoid all travel to eastern Chad and the Chad/Central African Republic border area due to insecurity caused by banditry, recent clashes between Chadian government and rebel forces, and political tension between Chad and Sudan.[56] President Donald Trump issued a proclamation on September 24, 2017, suspending the entry of Chadian nationals to the United States. The proclamation claims that the government of Chad "does not adequately share public-safety and terrorism-related information..."[57] On April 10, 2018, the US Government lifted travel restrictions on Chad.[58][59][60] |
Шаблон:Flag | 5 May 2005 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 2005[63]
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Asia
Despite centuries-old cultural ties to the Arab World, the Chadian Government maintained few significant ties to Arab states in North Africa or Southwest Asia in the 1980s.[27] Chad had broken off relations with the State of Israel under former Chadian President François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye in September 1972.[27] President Habré hoped to pursue closer relations with Arab states as a potential opportunity to break out of his Chad's post-imperial dependence on France, and to assert Chad's unwillingness to serve as an arena for superpower rivalries.[27] In addition, as a northern Muslim, Habré represented a constituency that favored Afro-Arab solidarity, and he hoped Islam would provide a basis for national unity in the long term.[27] For these reasons, he was expected to seize opportunities during the 1990s to pursue closer ties with the Arab World.[27] In 1988, Chad recognized the State of Palestine, which maintains a mission in N'Djamena.[64] In November 2018, President Deby visited Israel and announced his intention to restore diplomatic relations.[65] Chad and Israel re-established diplomatic relations in January 2019.[66] In February 2023, Chad opened an embassy in Israel.[67]
During the 1980s, Arab opinion on the Chadian-Libyan conflict over the Aouzou Strip was divided.[27] Several Arab states supported Libyan territorial claims to the Strip, among the most outspoken of which was Algeria, which provided training for anti-Habré forces, although most recruits for its training programs were from Nigeria or Cameroon, recruited and flown to Algeria by Libya.[27] Lebanon's Progressive Socialist Party also sent troops to support Qadhafi's efforts against Chad in 1987.[27] In contrast, numerous other Arab states opposed the Libyan actions,[68] and expressed their desire to see the dispute over the Aouzou Strip settled peacefully.[69][27] By the end of 1987, Algiers and N'Djamena were negotiating to improve relations and Algeria helped mediate the end of the Aouzou Strip conflict[70]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Шаблон:Flag | 26 December 2006 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 2006.[71] |
Шаблон:Flag | 5 April 2004 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 2004[72] |
Шаблон:Flag | 10 December 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1972[73] |
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Шаблон:Flag | 9 February 2010 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 2010[75] |
Шаблон:Flag | 28 November 1972 | See Chad–China relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1972,[76] but China severed diplomatic relations with Chad in 1997 when the country resumed diplomatic ties with Taiwan.[77] According to a joint communique signed by the two countries when they resumed diplomatic ties starting from August 6, 2006, Chad recognized there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory[78]
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Шаблон:Flag | 19 June 2014 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 2014[79] |
Шаблон:Flag | 18 October 1975 | See Chad–India relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1975[80]
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Шаблон:Flag | 22 September 2016 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2016.[82] |
Шаблон:Flag | 19 July 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1972[83] |
Шаблон:Flag | 29 April 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1973.[84] |
Шаблон:Flag | 10 January 1961 | See Chad–Israel relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1961,[85] but diplomatic relations were broken on 28 November 1972[86] and re-established on 20 January 2019[87] In November 2018, Chadian President Idriss Déby paid a visit to Israel.[88] In January 2019 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu paid a visit to Chad. During the visit, both nations re-established diplomatic relations since relations were cut in 1972.[66] In February 2023, Chad opened an embassy in Israel.[67] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1960[89] |
Шаблон:Flag | January 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in January 1970[90] |
Шаблон:Flag | 21 July 1999 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1999[91] |
Шаблон:Flag | 31 March 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1970[92] |
Шаблон:Flag | 11 January 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1993[93] |
Шаблон:Flag | The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[94] | |
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Шаблон:Flag | 3 April 2014 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 2014[96] |
Шаблон:Flag | 8 March 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1969[97] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1 December 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1973[98] |
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Шаблон:Flag | 22 September 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1960[101] |
Шаблон:Flag | 13 December 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1972[102]
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Шаблон:Flag | 20 November 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1972[102] |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 September 2018 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2018[103] |
Шаблон:Flag | 6 August 1961 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 August 1961[104] |
Шаблон:Flag | 16 August 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1969[105] |
Шаблон:Flag | See Chad–Taiwan relations
Chad and Taiwan had relations from 1962 to 1972 when Chad first switched diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China. Chad then reestablished bilateral ties with Taiwan from 1997 to 2006. Since August 2006, Chad has granted diplomatic recognition to China. | |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1993[106] |
Шаблон:Flag | 28 September 1990 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1990[107] |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 January 1970 | See Chad–Turkey relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1970[108] |
Шаблон:Flag | 4 October 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1994[110] |
Шаблон:Flag | 7 April 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 April 1973[111]
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Шаблон:Flag | 16 September 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 1994[113] |
Шаблон:Flag | 5 October 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1981[114] |
Шаблон:Flag | 10 November 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1970[115] |
Europe
Chad is officially non-aligned but has close relations with France, the former colonial power, which has about 1,200 troops stationed in the capital N'Djamena. It receives economic aid from countries of the European Community, the United States, and various international organizations. Libya supplies aid and has an ambassador resident in N'Djamena. Traditionally strong ties with the Western community have weakened over the past two years due to a dispute between the Government of Chad and the World Bank over how the profits from Chad's petroleum reserves are allocated. Although oil output to the West has resumed and the dispute has officially been resolved, resentment towards what the Déby administration considered foreign meddling lingers.
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Шаблон:Flag | Austria is represented in Chad through its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.[116] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 June 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1961 when first Ambassador of Chad Mr. Adoum Aganaye presented his credentials to King of Belgium[117]
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Шаблон:Flag | 14 January 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 2001[118] |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1994[119] |
Шаблон:Flag | 10 October 1989 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 1989[120] |
Шаблон:Flag | 17 September 1999 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 September 1999[121] |
Шаблон:Flag | 18 September 2002 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2002[122] |
Шаблон:Flag | 5 February 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1967[123] |
Шаблон:Flag | Denmark is represented in Chad through its embassy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.[124] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 September 2018 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2018[125] |
Шаблон:Flag | 21 March 2007 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 2007[126] |
Шаблон:Flag | 12 August 1960 | See Chad–France relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1960[127] France was Chad's most important foreign donor and patron for the first three decades following independence in 1960.[27] At the end of the 1980s, economic ties were still strong, and France provided development assistance in the form of loans and grants.[27] It was no longer Chad's leading customer for agricultural exports, but it continued to provide substantial military support. Chad remained a member of the African Financial Community, which linked the value of its currency, the CFA franc, to the French franc.[27] French private and government investors owned a substantial portion of Chad's industrial and financial institutions, and the French treasury backed the Bank of Central African States, which served as the central bank for Chad and six other member nations.[27] Chad's dependence on France declined slightly during Habré's tenure as president, in part because other foreign donors and investors returned as the war subsided and also because increased rainfall since 1985 improved food production.[27] French official attitudes toward Chad had changed from the 1970s policies under the leadership of Giscard d'Estaing to those of the Mitterrand era of the 1980s.[27] Economic, political, and strategic goals, which had emphasized maintaining French influence in Africa, exploiting Chad's natural resources, and bolstering francophone Africa's status as a bulwark against the spread of Soviet influence, had been replaced by nominally anticolonialist attitudes.[27] The election in France of the Socialist government in 1981 had coincided with conditions of near-anarchy in Chad, leading France's Socialist Party to reaffirm its ideological stance against high-profile intervention in Africa.[27] Hoping to avoid a confrontation with Libya, another important client state in the region, President Mitterrand limited French military involvement to a defense of the region surrounding N'Djamena in 1983 and 1984.[27] Then, gradually increasing its commitment to reinforce Habré's presidency, France once again increased its military activity in Chad.[27] |
Шаблон:Flag | 11 August 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1960[130]
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Шаблон:Flag | 13 September 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1975 when first Ambassador of Greece to Chad, Mr. Statis Mitsopoulos presented his credentials to General Félix Malloum, Chadian Head of State[131] |
Шаблон:Flag | 28 November 1988 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1988[132] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1 November 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1972[133] |
Шаблон:Flag | 14 April 2004 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 2004[134] |
Шаблон:Flag | 30 June 2000 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 2000[135] |
Шаблон:Flag | 13 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1964 wnen the first Italian ambassador to Chad, Mr. Francesco Paolo Campanella, presented his credentials to the President[136] |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 May 2018 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 2018.[137] |
Шаблон:Flag | 23 April 1996 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1996[138] |
Шаблон:Flag | 26 June 2019 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2019 when accredited first Ambassador of Chad to Liechtenstein with recidence in Berlin Ms Mariam Ali Moussa[139] |
Шаблон:Flag | 10 August 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 August 1994[140] |
Шаблон:Flag | 28 April 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1964[141] |
Шаблон:Flag | 20 March 2015 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 March 2015[142] |
Шаблон:Flag | 7 May 1962 | See Chad–Netherlands relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1962 when accredited first Ambassador of Nerherlands to Chad (resident in Leopoldville)[143]
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Шаблон:Flag | 13 October 1999 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 1999[144] |
Шаблон:Flag | 13 November 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1995[145] |
Шаблон:Flag | 5 January 1979 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1979[146]
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Шаблон:Flag | 4 May 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1977[147] |
Шаблон:Flag | 15 July 1969 | See Chad–Romania relations
Chad–Romania relations were established on July 15, 1969.[148] However, neither country has an embassy in the other's capital, and although an agreement on trade was signed in 1969, followed by an agreement on economic and technical cooperation in 1971, Шаблон:As of, the volume of bilateral trade remained insignificant.[149] In November 2007, Romania announced that they would deploy 120 troops to Chad and the Central African Republic in connection with a European Union peacekeeping mission there.[150] Romania continued to condemn violence in Chad and blamed it on rebel groups.[151] However, by mid-2008, Romanian defence minister Teodor Meleşcanu indicated that his country would not send further troops to the mission in Chad, stating that they had reached their limits and did not want involvement in a war theatre.[152] Chad and Romania have almost identical flags. |
Шаблон:Flag | 24 November 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1964[153]
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Шаблон:Flag | 31 May 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 May 1964[154] |
Шаблон:Flag | 20 April 2000 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 2000[155] |
Шаблон:Flag | 7 February 1975 | See Chad–Spain relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1975[156]
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Шаблон:Flag | 3 August 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1995[157] |
Шаблон:Flag | 16 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1963 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Chad (resident in Lagos) Mr. Giovanni Enrico Bucher[158] |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 July 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1993[161] |
Шаблон:Flag | 9 December 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1960[162] |
Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Шаблон:Flag | Australia is represented in Chad through its embassy in Paris, France.[163] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 4 September 2015 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 2015[164] |
Membership of international organizations
Chad belongs to the following international organizations:
- United Nations and some of its specialized and related agencies
- Organization for African Unity
- Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
- African Financial Community (Franc Zone)
- Agency for the Francophone Community
- African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States
- African Development Bank
- Central African States Development Bank
- Economic and Monetary Union of Central African (CEMAC)
- Economic Commission for Africa; G-77
- International Civil Aviation Organization
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
- International Development Association
- Islamic Development Bank
- International Fund for Agricultural Development
- International Finance Corporation
- International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
- International Labour Organization
- International Monetary Fund
- Intelsat
- Interpol
- International Olympic Committee
- International Telecommunication Union
- International Trade Union Confederation
- NAM
- Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
- Universal Postal Union
- World Confederation of Labour
- World Intellectual Property Organization;
- World Meteorological Organization;
- World Tourism Organization
- World Trade Organization
See also
References
Шаблон:Navboxes Шаблон:Chadian-Sudanese conflict Шаблон:Foreign relations of Chad Шаблон:Africa in topic
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 102,0 102,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 109,0 109,1 109,2 109,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web