Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Chad

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Politics of Chad

The foreign relations of Chad are significantly influenced by the desire for oil revenue and investment in Chadian oil industry and support for former Chadian President Idriss Déby. Chad is officially non-aligned but has close relations with France, the former colonial power.Шаблон:Update inline Relations with neighbouring Libya, and Sudan vary periodically. Lately, the Idris Déby regime waged an intermittent proxy war with Sudan. Aside from those two countries, Chad generally enjoys good relations with its neighbouring states.

Файл:Diplomatic relations of Chad.svg
Diplomatic relations of Chad

Africa

Although relations with Libya improved with the presidency of Idriss Déby, strains persist. Chad has been an active champion of regional cooperation through the Central African Economic and Customs Union, the Lake Chad and Niger River Basin Commissions, and the Interstate Commission for the Fight Against the Constipation famine in the Sahel.

Delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria.

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag 18 August 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1975[1]
Шаблон:Flag 23 June 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 2005 when Angolian Ambassador to Chad with residence in Libreville (Gabon) Mr. Emílio Guerra presented his credentials to President Idriss Deby.[2]
Шаблон:Flag 18 October 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1976[3]
Шаблон:Flag 9 February 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 2015 when first Ambassador of Chad to Botswana, Mr. Mahamoud Bechir, presented his credentials to President Khama.[4]
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag 6 December 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1972 when first Ambassador of Chad to Burundi Mr. Alphonse M'Bainoungam, presented his credentials to the Chief of the Burundi state, Colonel Michel Micombero.[6]
Шаблон:Flag 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962[7]
  • Cameroon has an embassy in N'Djamena.
  • Chad has an embassy in Yaoundé and a consulate in Garoua.
Шаблон:Flag 29 February 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 February 1964 when has been accredited first Permanent Representative (Ambassador) of Chad to Central African Republic Mr. Thomas Keiro.[8]
  • Central African Republic has an embassy in N'Djamena.
  • Chad has an embassy in Bangui.
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag 13 February 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1963 when has been appointed Mr. Simon Bilombo as Permanent Representative of the Republic of Congo to Chad.[9]
Шаблон:Flag 20 April 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 2009[10]
Шаблон:Flag
  • Chad has an embassy in Cairo.[5]
  • Egypt has an embassy in N'Djamena.[11]
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Шаблон:Flag 12 October 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 2021 when Ambassador of Eritrea to Chad with residence in Khartoum Mr. Issa Ahmed Issa, presented his credentials to Head of State, General Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno.[12]
Шаблон:Flag 21 October 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1969 when the first Ambassador of Chad to Ethiopia, M. Abdurahman Musa, presented his credentials to Emperor Haile Selassie[13]
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag 31 August 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 2021[15]
Шаблон:Flag 24 July 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 July 1967 when first Ghanaian Ambassador to Chad, with residence in Kinshasa, M. John Quashie has presented his credentials to President Tombalbaye[16]
Шаблон:Flag 29 August 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1968 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Chad, Mr. Filly Cissoko, presented his credentials to President Tombolbaye[17]
Шаблон:Flag 15 November 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1977[18]
  • Chad has an embassy in Abidjan.
  • Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Chad is represented in Kenya through its embassy in Addis Ababa.[19]
Шаблон:Flag See Chad-Libya relations

Chadian-Libyan relations were ameliorated when Libyan-supported Idriss Déby unseated Habré on December 2. Gaddafi was the first head of state to recognize the new regime, and he also signed treaties of friendship and cooperation on various levels; but regarding the Aouzou Strip Déby followed his predecessor, declaring that if necessary he would fight to keep the strip out of Libya's hands.[20][21]

The Aouzou dispute was concluded for good on February 3, 1994, when the judges of the ICJ by a majority of 16 to 1 decided that the Aouzou Strip belonged to Chad. The court's judgement was implemented without delay, the two parties signing as early as April 4 an agreement concerning the practical modalities for the implementation of the judgement. Monitored by international observers, the withdrawal of Libyan troops from the Strip began on April 15 and was completed by May 10. The formal and final transfer of the Strip from Libya to Chad took place on May 30, when the sides signed a joint declaration stating that the Libyan withdrawal had been effected.[22]

  • Chad has an embassy in Tripoli.[5]
  • Libya has an embassy in N'Djamena.[11]
Шаблон:Flag
  • The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[23]
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag
  • Chad has an embassy in Rabat.[5]
  • Morocco has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and Idriss Déby visited Mozambique in November 2016.[24]
Шаблон:Flag 25 October 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 2016 when has been accredited non-resident Ambassador of Chad to Namibia Mr. Ahmat Awad Sakine.[25]
  • Chad is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Kinshasa, DR Congo.
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag See Chad-Nigeria relations

Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighboring states, including Chad.[27] Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices.[27] At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians.[27] Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties.[27]

  • Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 9 December 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1972 when Alphonse M'Bainoungam, ambassador of Chad to Zaire, presented his letters of credentials to Rwanda.[28]
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag 21 October 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1994[29]
  • Chad has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 15 March 1961 See Chad-Sudan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1961[30]

On December 24, 2005, Chad declared itself as in a "state of belligerance" with neighboring Sudan. The conflict in the border region of Darfur has become an increasingly bi-national affair as increasing numbers of Sudanese flee to refugee camps in Chad, and Sudanese government troops and militias cross the borders to strike at both these camps and specific ethnic groups. Although the Government of Chad and the Government of Sudan signed the Tripoli Agreement on February 8, 2006, officially ending hostilities, fighting continues. On August 11, 2006, Chad and Sudan resumed relations at the behest of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.[31]

Chad broke diplomatic relations with Sudan at least twice in 2006 because it believed the Sudanese government was supporting Janjaweed and UFDC rebels financially and with arms. Two accords were signed, the Tripoli Accord, which was signed on February 8 and failed to end the fighting, and the more recently signed N'Djamena Agreement. On May 11, 2008, Sudan announced it was cutting diplomatic relations with Chad, claiming that it was helping rebels in Darfur to attack the Sudanese capital Khartoum.[32]

  • Chad has an embassy in Khartoum and a consulate-general in Geneina.
  • Sudan has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and Idriss Déby visited Kenya in November 2016.[33]
Шаблон:Flag 10 April 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1985 when Ambassador of Chad Mr. Youssouf Nboudou Mbami presented his credentials to President of Togo.[34]
Шаблон:Flag 25 January 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1968[35]
Шаблон:Flag 8 September 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 September 1976 when Ambassador of Uganda Lt.-Col. Mohamadou Omoua Aziz has presented his credentials to President of Chad Malloum.[36]
Шаблон:Flag
  • Zambia is represented in Chad through its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.[37]
Шаблон:Flag 13 February 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 2023 when first Ambassador of Zimbabwe to Chad with residence in Khartoum Dr Emmanuel Bulukani Runganga Gumbo, presented his credentials to President of Transition, General Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno.[38]

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag 24 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1974[39]
  • Argentina is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.[40]
  • Chad does not have an accreditation to Argentina.
Шаблон:Flag 8 October 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1996[41]
  • Brazil is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.[42]
  • Chad does not have an accreditation to Brazil.
Шаблон:Flag February 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations in February 1962[43]
Шаблон:Flag 26 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018[46]
Шаблон:Flag 29 September 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1988[47]
Шаблон:Flag 9 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1976[48]
  • Chad is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Cuba is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Niamey, Niger.[49]
Шаблон:Flag 25 February 1976 See Chad–Mexico relations

Chad and Mexico established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1976.[50] In May 2002, Chadian Prime Minister Nagoum Yamassoum paid a visit to the Mexican city of Monterrey to attend the Monterrey Consensus conference.[51]

  • Chad is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[52]
  • Mexico is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.[53]
Шаблон:Flag 24 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 2021[54]
Шаблон:Flag 11 August 1960 See Chad–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1960[55]

Файл:Embassy of Chad (Washington, D.C.).JPG
Embassy of Chad in Washington, D.C.

The US embassy in N'Djamena, established at Chadian independence in 1960, was closed from the onset of the heavy fighting in the city in 1980 until the withdrawal of the Libyan forces at the end of 1981. It was reopened in January 1982. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Information Service (USIS) offices resumed activities in Chad in September 1983. The United States Department of State issued a travel advisory to U.S. citizens in 2009, recommending that citizens not affiliated with humanitarian efforts avoid all travel to eastern Chad and the Chad/Central African Republic border area due to insecurity caused by banditry, recent clashes between Chadian government and rebel forces, and political tension between Chad and Sudan.[56] President Donald Trump issued a proclamation on September 24, 2017, suspending the entry of Chadian nationals to the United States. The proclamation claims that the government of Chad "does not adequately share public-safety and terrorism-related information..."[57] On April 10, 2018, the US Government lifted travel restrictions on Chad.[58][59][60]

  • Chad has an embassy in Washington, DC.[61]
  • United States has an embassy in N'djamena.[62]
Шаблон:Flag 5 May 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 2005[63]
  • Chad is accredited to Venezuela from its embassy in Washington, D.C, United States.
  • Venezuela does not have an accreditation to Chad.

Asia

Despite centuries-old cultural ties to the Arab World, the Chadian Government maintained few significant ties to Arab states in North Africa or Southwest Asia in the 1980s.[27] Chad had broken off relations with the State of Israel under former Chadian President François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye in September 1972.[27] President Habré hoped to pursue closer relations with Arab states as a potential opportunity to break out of his Chad's post-imperial dependence on France, and to assert Chad's unwillingness to serve as an arena for superpower rivalries.[27] In addition, as a northern Muslim, Habré represented a constituency that favored Afro-Arab solidarity, and he hoped Islam would provide a basis for national unity in the long term.[27] For these reasons, he was expected to seize opportunities during the 1990s to pursue closer ties with the Arab World.[27] In 1988, Chad recognized the State of Palestine, which maintains a mission in N'Djamena.[64] In November 2018, President Deby visited Israel and announced his intention to restore diplomatic relations.[65] Chad and Israel re-established diplomatic relations in January 2019.[66] In February 2023, Chad opened an embassy in Israel.[67]

During the 1980s, Arab opinion on the Chadian-Libyan conflict over the Aouzou Strip was divided.[27] Several Arab states supported Libyan territorial claims to the Strip, among the most outspoken of which was Algeria, which provided training for anti-Habré forces, although most recruits for its training programs were from Nigeria or Cameroon, recruited and flown to Algeria by Libya.[27] Lebanon's Progressive Socialist Party also sent troops to support Qadhafi's efforts against Chad in 1987.[27] In contrast, numerous other Arab states opposed the Libyan actions,[68] and expressed their desire to see the dispute over the Aouzou Strip settled peacefully.[69][27] By the end of 1987, Algiers and N'Djamena were negotiating to improve relations and Algeria helped mediate the end of the Aouzou Strip conflict[70]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag 26 December 2006

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 2006.[71]

Шаблон:Flag 5 April 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 2004[72]
Шаблон:Flag 10 December 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1972[73]
Шаблон:Flag
  • Chad is represented in Brunei through its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[74]
Шаблон:Flag 9 February 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 2010[75]
Шаблон:Flag 28 November 1972 See Chad–China relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1972,[76] but China severed diplomatic relations with Chad in 1997 when the country resumed diplomatic ties with Taiwan.[77] According to a joint communique signed by the two countries when they resumed diplomatic ties starting from August 6, 2006, Chad recognized there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory[78]

  • Chad has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 19 June 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 2014[79]
Шаблон:Flag 18 October 1975 See Chad–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1975[80]

  • Chad has an embassy in New Delhi.[81]
  • India is accredited to Chad from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria and maintains an honorary consulate in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 22 September 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2016.[82]
Шаблон:Flag 19 July 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1972[83]
Шаблон:Flag 29 April 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1973.[84]
Шаблон:Flag 10 January 1961 See Chad–Israel relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1961,[85] but diplomatic relations were broken on 28 November 1972[86] and re-established on 20 January 2019[87] In November 2018, Chadian President Idriss Déby paid a visit to Israel.[88] In January 2019 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu paid a visit to Chad. During the visit, both nations re-established diplomatic relations since relations were cut in 1972.[66] In February 2023, Chad opened an embassy in Israel.[67]

  • Chad has an embassy in Tel Aviv.[67]
  • Israel is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal[67]
Шаблон:Flag 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1960[89]
Шаблон:Flag January 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations in January 1970[90]
Шаблон:Flag 21 July 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1999[91]
Шаблон:Flag 31 March 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1970[92]
Шаблон:Flag 11 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1993[93]
Шаблон:Flag The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[94]
Шаблон:Flag
  • Malaysia is represented in Chad through its High Commission in Abuja, Nigeria.[95]
Шаблон:Flag 3 April 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 2014[96]
Шаблон:Flag 8 March 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1969[97]
Шаблон:Flag 1 December 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1973[98]
Шаблон:Flag
  • Pakistan is represented in Chad through its embassy in Sudan.[99]
Шаблон:Flag
  • The State of Palestine is represented in Chad through its embassy in Bamako, Mali.[100]
Шаблон:Flag 22 September 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1960[101]
Шаблон:Flag 13 December 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1972[102]
  • Chad has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 20 November 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1972[102]
  • Chad has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 25 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2018[103]
Шаблон:Flag 6 August 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 August 1961[104]

Шаблон:Flag 16 August 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1969[105]
Шаблон:Flag See Chad–Taiwan relations

Chad and Taiwan had relations from 1962 to 1972 when Chad first switched diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China. Chad then reestablished bilateral ties with Taiwan from 1997 to 2006. Since August 2006, Chad has granted diplomatic recognition to China.

Шаблон:Flag 27 February 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1993[106]
Шаблон:Flag 28 September 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1990[107]
Шаблон:Flag 27 January 1970 See Chad–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1970[108]

  • Chad has an embassy in Ankara.[109]
  • Turkey has an embassy in N'Djamena.[109]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$72.4 million in 2019 (Chadian exports/imports: 32.5/39.9 million USD).[109]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to N'Djamena since December 12, 2013.[109]
Шаблон:Flag 4 October 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1994[110]
Шаблон:Flag 7 April 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 April 1973[111]
  • Chad has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • UAE has an embassy in N'Djamena.
  • UAE opened coordination office for foreign aid in Chad in August 2023.[112]
Шаблон:Flag 16 September 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 1994[113]
Шаблон:Flag 5 October 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1981[114]
Шаблон:Flag 10 November 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1970[115]

Europe

Chad is officially non-aligned but has close relations with France, the former colonial power, which has about 1,200 troops stationed in the capital N'Djamena. It receives economic aid from countries of the European Community, the United States, and various international organizations. Libya supplies aid and has an ambassador resident in N'Djamena. Traditionally strong ties with the Western community have weakened over the past two years due to a dispute between the Government of Chad and the World Bank over how the profits from Chad's petroleum reserves are allocated. Although oil output to the West has resumed and the dispute has officially been resolved, resentment towards what the Déby administration considered foreign meddling lingers.

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag Austria is represented in Chad through its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.[116]
Шаблон:Flag 27 June 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1961 when first Ambassador of Chad Mr. Adoum Aganaye presented his credentials to King of Belgium[117]
  • Belgium is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon and maintains an honorary consulate in N'Djamena.
  • Chad has an embassy in Brussels.
Шаблон:Flag 14 January 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 2001[118]
Шаблон:Flag 25 November 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1994[119]
Шаблон:Flag 10 October 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 1989[120]
Шаблон:Flag 17 September 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 September 1999[121]
Шаблон:Flag 18 September 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2002[122]
Шаблон:Flag 5 February 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1967[123]
Шаблон:Flag Denmark is represented in Chad through its embassy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.[124]
Шаблон:Flag 27 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2018[125]
Шаблон:Flag 21 March 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 2007[126]
Шаблон:Flag 12 August 1960 See Chad–France relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1960[127]

France was Chad's most important foreign donor and patron for the first three decades following independence in 1960.[27] At the end of the 1980s, economic ties were still strong, and France provided development assistance in the form of loans and grants.[27] It was no longer Chad's leading customer for agricultural exports, but it continued to provide substantial military support.

Chad remained a member of the African Financial Community, which linked the value of its currency, the CFA franc, to the French franc.[27] French private and government investors owned a substantial portion of Chad's industrial and financial institutions, and the French treasury backed the Bank of Central African States, which served as the central bank for Chad and six other member nations.[27] Chad's dependence on France declined slightly during Habré's tenure as president, in part because other foreign donors and investors returned as the war subsided and also because increased rainfall since 1985 improved food production.[27] French official attitudes toward Chad had changed from the 1970s policies under the leadership of Giscard d'Estaing to those of the Mitterrand era of the 1980s.[27] Economic, political, and strategic goals, which had emphasized maintaining French influence in Africa, exploiting Chad's natural resources, and bolstering francophone Africa's status as a bulwark against the spread of Soviet influence, had been replaced by nominally anticolonialist attitudes.[27] The election in France of the Socialist government in 1981 had coincided with conditions of near-anarchy in Chad, leading France's Socialist Party to reaffirm its ideological stance against high-profile intervention in Africa.[27] Hoping to avoid a confrontation with Libya, another important client state in the region, President Mitterrand limited French military involvement to a defense of the region surrounding N'Djamena in 1983 and 1984.[27] Then, gradually increasing its commitment to reinforce Habré's presidency, France once again increased its military activity in Chad.[27]

Шаблон:Flag 11 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1960[130]
  • Chad has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 13 September 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1975 when first Ambassador of Greece to Chad, Mr. Statis Mitsopoulos presented his credentials to General Félix Malloum, Chadian Head of State[131]
Шаблон:Flag 28 November 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1988[132]
Шаблон:Flag 1 November 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1972[133]
Шаблон:Flag 14 April 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 2004[134]
Шаблон:Flag 30 June 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 2000[135]
Шаблон:Flag 13 February 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1964 wnen the first Italian ambassador to Chad, Mr. Francesco Paolo Campanella, presented his credentials to the President[136]
Шаблон:Flag 27 May 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 2018.[137]
Шаблон:Flag 23 April 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1996[138]
Шаблон:Flag 26 June 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2019 when accredited first Ambassador of Chad to Liechtenstein with recidence in Berlin Ms Mariam Ali Moussa[139]
Шаблон:Flag 10 August 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 August 1994[140]
Шаблон:Flag 28 April 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1964[141]
Шаблон:Flag 20 March 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 March 2015[142]
Шаблон:Flag 7 May 1962 See Chad–Netherlands relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1962 when accredited first Ambassador of Nerherlands to Chad (resident in Leopoldville)[143]

  • Chad is accredited to Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • Netherlands is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Khartoum, Sudan.
Шаблон:Flag 13 October 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 1999[144]
Шаблон:Flag 13 November 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1995[145]
Шаблон:Flag 5 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1979[146]
  • Chad is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Tunis, Tunisia.
Шаблон:Flag 4 May 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1977[147]
Шаблон:Flag 15 July 1969 See Chad–Romania relations

Chad–Romania relations were established on July 15, 1969.[148] However, neither country has an embassy in the other's capital, and although an agreement on trade was signed in 1969, followed by an agreement on economic and technical cooperation in 1971, Шаблон:As of, the volume of bilateral trade remained insignificant.[149]

In November 2007, Romania announced that they would deploy 120 troops to Chad and the Central African Republic in connection with a European Union peacekeeping mission there.[150] Romania continued to condemn violence in Chad and blamed it on rebel groups.[151] However, by mid-2008, Romanian defence minister Teodor Meleşcanu indicated that his country would not send further troops to the mission in Chad, stating that they had reached their limits and did not want involvement in a war theatre.[152]

Chad and Romania have almost identical flags.

Шаблон:Flag 24 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1964[153]
  • Chad has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Шаблон:Flag 31 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 May 1964[154]
Шаблон:Flag 20 April 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 2000[155]
Шаблон:Flag 7 February 1975 See Chad–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1975[156]

  • Chad is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Шаблон:Flag 3 August 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1995[157]
Шаблон:Flag 16 December 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1963 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Chad (resident in Lagos) Mr. Giovanni Enrico Bucher[158]
  • Chad has an embassy in Geneva accredited to Switzerland and the United Nations.[159]
  • Switzerland has a cooperation office in N'Djamena.[160]
Шаблон:Flag 27 July 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1993[161]
Шаблон:Flag 9 December 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1960[162]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag Australia is represented in Chad through its embassy in Paris, France.[163]
Шаблон:Flag 4 September 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 2015[164]

Membership of international organizations

Chad belongs to the following international organizations:

Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-2

Шаблон:Col-2

Шаблон:Col-end

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Navboxes Шаблон:Chadian-Sudanese conflict Шаблон:Foreign relations of Chad Шаблон:Africa in topic

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  21. ↑ M. Azevedo, p. 150
  22. ↑ G. Simons, p. 78
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ 27,00 27,01 27,02 27,03 27,04 27,05 27,06 27,07 27,08 27,09 27,10 27,11 27,12 27,13 27,14 27,15 27,16 27,17 27,18 27,19 27,20 27,21 27,22 Шаблон:Citation-attribution
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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