Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Kenya
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Politics of Kenya Kenya maintains relations with various countries around the world. Its closest ties are with its fellow Swahili-speaking neighbors in the African Great Lakes region. Swahili speaking neighbours mainly include countries in the East African Community such as Burundi, the DRC, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda.
Kenya's relations with other states vary. The government of Ethiopia established political links in the colonial period with Kenya's then British administration, and today it is one of several national bodies with a diplomatic presence in Nairobi. Relations with Somalia have historically been tense, although there has been some military co-ordination against insurgents.
Elsewhere, the Kenyan government has political ties with China, India, Pakistan, Russia, United Arab Emirates, and Brazil. It also maintains relations with Western countries, particularly the United Kingdom, although political and economic instabilities are often blamed on Western activities (e.g. colonialism, paternalistic engagement, and post-colonial resource exploitation).
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Kenya maintains diplomatic relations with:
Bilateral relations
Africa
East African Community
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
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Burundi is a partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. In 2011, both countries signed a comprehensive bilateral agreement to promote development and technology transfer in agriculture, livestock and fisheries development between them. During the Burundian ethnic clashes, a significant number of Burundians took up refuge in Kenya. Burundi, along with Kenya, is one of the Swahili-speaking states in the African Great Lakes region.
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| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Main
The DRC is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade and security. The peace deal between the Government of the DRC and leaders of the M23 rebellion was brokered by multiple parties and was signed in Nairobi in late 2013. M23 was routed in a UN-backed offensive by government troops. Under the deal there would be no amnesty for those wanted for war crimes. The deal was hosted by Uhuru Kenyatta, the President of Kenya.[145] By the end of 2014 both countries were to sign a Joint Commission for Cooperation. Under the agreement Kenya was to establish a consulate in Goma and DRC in Mombasa[146] The deal would help deepen trade and investment between both countries. Both countries are inhabited by significant Swahili speaking populations, Swahili is the national language in both countries. Kenya and the DRC share some cultural similarities.
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| Шаблон:Flag | 11 June 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1965 when first Ambassador of Rwanda to Kenya (resident in Kampala) Mr. Malahie Musabyimana presented his credentials to President Kenyatta.[147]Шаблон:Main
Kenya is a partner of Rwanda in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. It is estimated that there are about 100,000 Rwandese immigrants in Kenya. Both countries have on multiple occasions signed various memoranda of understanding. These MOUs involve co-operative technical assistance and development between the two countries.[148] Kenya has a significant expat community in Rwanda.
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| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Main
South Sudan is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas. Both countries have cultural similarities as many people from South Sudan lived in Kenya before independence. Kenya is said to have contributed a to South Sudan's independence. The Machakos Protocol signed in Kenya in 2002 saw a ceasefire signed between Sudan and the Southern Sudanese. It was the first of many agreements that led to the creation of Southern Sudan autonomous region which later on led to the independence of South Sudan in 2011. During the independence movement leaders of the freedom movement lived in Kenya. At the peak of the second Sudanese civil war Kenya hosted about 100,000 South Sudanese people.[149]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 13 December 1983 | Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 13 December 1983[150]Шаблон:Main
Tanzania is a partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. The first high commissions of Kenya in Tanzania and vice versa were opened after the independence of Kenya. However, after the breakup of the EAC in 1977, both countries severed diplomatic ties. The breakup of the first EAC which was founded in 1967 was brought about by ideological differences between Tanzania and Kenya. As it was during the cold war African countries were making decisions on whether to become socialist or capitalist. Kenya's leader Kenyatta was intent on making sure that Kenya wouldn't become socialist and Kenya stuck to capitalism. Tanzania on the other hand championed for Ujamaa, a major African socialist policy.[151] Tanzania and Kenya resumed diplomatic ties in 1983.[152] By that time, a lot of factors were slowing the idea of Ujamaa in Tanzania among them the war with Uganda and many other social factors.Шаблон:Citation needed Today both countries enjoy healthy relations. Both countries are inhabited by the world's largest Swahili speaking populations, Swahili is the official and national language in both countries. Kenya and Tanzania share a lot of cultural similarities.
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| Шаблон:Flag | 8 February 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1978[153]Шаблон:Main
The two East African Community countries are partners in many areas, particularly in the trade, infrastructure, security (military), education, agriculture and energy sectors. From 1961 to 1965, the two states along with Tanzania were united in the East African Common Services Organisation, a common market with a loose federal structure.[154] Kenya and Uganda were also founding members of the original East African Community (EAC), which later collapsed due to ideological differences and territorial disputes within itself. On 7 July 2000, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania reestablished the EAC. It has contributed a great deal in improving trade and overall relations between Kenya and Uganda. The countries are both inhabited by significant Swahili-speaking populations, and share significant cultural similarities.
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Rest of Africa
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 23 June 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1964 when the Algerian ambassador to Kenya, Mr. Nouredien Djoudi, presented his credentials to the Governor-General.[155]Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 22 July 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1985 when Kenya's Ambassador to Angola Mr. John Kaumau Kimani presented his credentials.[156]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 March 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Kenya to Benin Alfred Imbahale Machayo presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[157] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 30 October 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 October 1967.[158]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 5 September 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1972[159] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 10 September 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1964 when Mr. Honore Polneau, the Ivory Coast's Ambassador in Tanzania, has been nominated in addition as Ambassador to Kenya.[160] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 13 March 1984 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1984.[161]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 14 September 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1993 when Beyene Russom presented his credentials as Eritrea first ambassador of Kenya to President Moi[162] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 18 May 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1970 when first High Commissioner of Swaziland to Kenya Mr. Martin Buya Ndiniso, has presented his credentials to President Kenyatta.[163] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 26 June 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1964 and opened Ethiopian Embassy in Nairobi.[164][165]Шаблон:Main
Relations between Kenya and Ethiopia date back to 1954, when the Ethiopian authorities under Haile Selassie I established an honorary consulate general in the British Kenya Colony. In 1961, prior to Kenya's independence, Ethiopia appointed its first ambassador to Kenya, and six years later Kenya opened an embassy in Addis Ababa.[166] The border between the two countries is based on a treaty signed by Ethiopia and Kenya on 9 June 1970, which determines the present-day boundary, abrogating all previous boundary treaties. This border has been subjected to demarcation.[167]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 10 July 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1976 when first Ambassador of Gabon to Kenya Mr. Pierre Mebaley presented his credentials to President Kenyatta.[78] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 16 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1963[168]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 7 November 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 1978[169] |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 28 September 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1965[170] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 5 November 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1976 when Ambassador of Kenya Hon. Kiyinda Nincola, has presented his credentials to President of Mozambique Samora Moises Machel.[79]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 22 March 1990 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1990 when was officially opened the Kenya High Commission in Windhoek.[171]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 May 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1981 when Ambassador of Niger to Kenya presented his credentials to President Daniel Arap Moi.[172] |
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Relations between Kenya and Somalia have historically been tense. Agitations over self-determination in the Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District culminated in the Shifta War during the 1960s.[173] Although the conflict ended in a cease-fire, Somalis in the region still identify and maintain close ties with their kin in Somalia.[174] In October 2011, a coordinated operation between the Somali military and the Kenyan military began against the Al-Shabaab group of insurgents in southern Somalia.[175][176] The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role.[176] In early June 2012, Kenyan troops were formally integrated into AMISOM.[177]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 April 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 April 1994[178]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 28 January 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1965 when was accredited first ambassador of Sudan to Kenya Sayed Mohammed Mirghani[179]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 9 April 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 April 1985 when Ambassador of Kenya Mr. Kefa Onyoni presented letters of credentials to President of Togo, general Gnassingbe Eyadema.[180] |
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Americas
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 3 September 2014 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 2014[181]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 4 July 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 July 1967[46]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 5 May 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1964[183]Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | September 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1975[186]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 27 January 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1975[187]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 13 November 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1982 when first ambassador of Costa Rica to Kenya Mr. Miguel Yamuni presented his credentials to Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi.[188]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 19 October 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1995[189]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 19 March 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 March 1976[190]Шаблон:MainPresident Kenyatta made a state visit in August 2019. He met and held talks with Prime Minister Holness.
Kenyatta was the main guest for the celebration of the 57th Independence Day Jamaica.[191] Both leaders (Holness and Kenyatta) also launched the celebrations to mark the International Decade for People of African Descent.[192]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 15 March 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1977[193]Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 25 February 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1976[196]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 December 1963 | Шаблон:Main
After Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963, the United States immediately recognized the new nation and moved to establish diplomatic relations. The embassy in Nairobi was opened on 12 December 1963[197]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 20 July 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 1982[199] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 30 April 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1970[200]Шаблон:Main
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Asia
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 28 May 2004 | Main Article: Azerbaijan-Kenya relations |
| Шаблон:Flag | 23 November 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1976 when the first Bangladesh Ambassador to Kenya Mr. Muhammad Sultan, presented his credentials to President Kenyatta[80] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 14 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1963[203]Шаблон:Main
Chinese-Kenyan relations date back to 14 December 1963, two days after the formal establishment of Kenyan independence, when China became the fourth country to open an embassy in Nairobi.[204] Military exchange between the two countries has been increasing in the past decade. General Liu Jingsong, commander of the Lanzhou Military Region, led China's first military delegation to Kenya in December 1996; Major General Nick Leshan, commander of the Kenyan air force, paid a return visit in 1997.[205] Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki visited Beijing in August 2005.[206]
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| Шаблон:INA | July 1979 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in Шаблон:Dts[87]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 14 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1963[207]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 3 October 1971 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1971.[67]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 December 1963[208] | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1963 and opened Embassy of Israel in Nairobi. Kenya broken diplomatic relations with Israel on 1 November 1973. Diplomatic relations were re-established on 23 December 1988.[209]Шаблон:Main |
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| Шаблон:Flag | 23 April 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1968 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Kuwait to Kenya with residence in Nairobi Mr. Mohammad A. Al-Mishari.[212] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965[213]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 4 March 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 1976[214]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 31 January 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1964 when Mr. K.K.Panni, High Commissioner of Pakistan to Kenya presented his credentials.[215]Шаблон:Main
Relations between Pakistan and Kenya were established in the 1960s, when Pakistan expressed its support for Kenya in obtaining independence from British rule. Ever since, relations between the two nations have been warm; with both countries having had discussed previously in the Pakistan-Kenya Joint Ministerial Commission session which was hosted in Nairobi in 2004, about boosting bilateral trade and economic relations.[216]
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| Шаблон:Flag |
Both countries maintain diplomatic relations as the State of Palestine maintains an embassy in Nairobi.[217] | |
| Шаблон:Flag | 20 May 1975 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1975[218] The Philippines and Kenya have forged a historic agreement to strengthen ties between both countries. Under a Joint Commission on Bilateral Cooperation(JCBC)[219] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 28 December 2003 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 December 2003.[220]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 May 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1969 when Kenya's Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Japheth Kimanzi Ilako, has presented his credentials to King Faisal.[221]Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 7 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1964[224]Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 4 September 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1970 when Mr. Fonseca has been appointed the first Ceylonese High Commissioner to Kenya.[225] |
| Шаблон:Flag | 30 March 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1968[226]Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 5 June 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1982[228]Шаблон:Main |
Europe
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 15 December 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when established Austrian Embassy in Nairobi.[229]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 29 April 1964 | Diplomatic relations were established on 29 April 1964 when Mr. A. Bullens, Belgian Ambassador to Kenya, presented his credentials to the Governor-General.[230]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 23 October 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 October 1964 when was accredited first Denmark's ambassador to Kenya Birger Abrahamson[231]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 14 June 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1965[232]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1963[233]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 18 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 1963[234]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 8 December 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1966 when accredited first ambassador of Greece to Kenya with residence in Nairobi Mr. George C. Papadopoulos.[235]Шаблон:Main
Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Kenya Шаблон:Webarchive
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| Шаблон:Flag | 4 April 1979 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 April 1979 when the first Irish Ambassador to Kenya, Mr. Michael Christopher Green presented his credentials to President Moi.[236]
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| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 3 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1964 when Mr. W. P. L. G. de Boer, the first Ambassador of the Netherlands to Kenya presented his credentials.[237]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 22 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 February 1964[238]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:POR | 10 January 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1977[239]
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| Шаблон:Flag | 13 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1963[240]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 14 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1963[241]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 27 April 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1967[242]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | January 1964[14] | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1964[243]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 28 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Kenya (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Roger Dürr[244]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 12 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1963 when Sir Geoffrey de Freitas became an first British High Commissioner to Kenya.[245]Шаблон:Main
In 1895, Britain established the East Africa Protectorate (British East Africa), centred in present-day Kenya and the larger African Great Lakes region. Four years later, the British founded the settlement of Nairobi as a simple rail depot on the railway linking Mombasa to Uganda.[246] The town quickly grew to become the capital of British East Africa in 1905, with Lieutenant Colonel J. Hayes Sadler as the first governor and commander in chief. In 1920, the East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony, the Kenya Colony. In 1952, Elizabeth II, ascended the throne while visiting Kenya on her and the Duke of Edinburgh's tour of the British Empire and Commonwealth. Two years later, Britain founded the Nairobi Securities Exchange as a voluntary association of stockbrokers in the European community registered under the Societies Act. Kenya was granted independence in 1963, and relations with Britain have remained constant. Kenya is a part of the Commonwealth of Nations, a successor to the empire which aims to promote mutual co-operation, democracy and other cultural values and ties with each member state. |
Oceania
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 23 August 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 August 1965[249]Шаблон:Main
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| Шаблон:Flag | 9 June 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1982 when New Zealand's first High Commissioner to Kenya (resident in Athens) Mr. Paul Cotton presented his credentials to President Daniel T. Moi in Nairobi[250]
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Kenya and the Commonwealth of Nations
Kenya has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1963, when it became independent. The nation became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1964.
Kenya is also a member of the UN and hosts the UN Office in Nairobi, which is the UN Headquarters in Africa.[251] The office was established in 1996.
International trips made by presidents of Kenya
Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Kenyatta made a 119 International trips to 52 countries during his presidency. The president served two full 5-year terms and made more international official visits than any of his predecessors. Kenyatta mainly made a majority of his visits within Africa and also attended various business forums and multi-lateral international events around the world.
William Ruto
William Ruto made his first international trip in September of 2022 since he began his presidency on 13 September 2022.
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Foreign relations of Kenya Шаблон:Kenya topics Шаблон:Africa in topic Шаблон:Authority control
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- ↑ "Ethiopia – Kenya relations" Шаблон:Webarchive, Ministry of Foreign Affairs website (accessed 9 October 2009)
- ↑ "Ethiopia – Kenya Boundary" Шаблон:Webarchive, U.S. State Department International Boundary Study, No. 152 – 15 October 1975
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ Rhoda E. Howard, Human Rights in Commonwealth Africa, (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.: 1986), p. 95
- ↑ Godfrey Mwakikagile, Kenya: identity of a nation, (Godfrey Mwakikagile: 2007), p. 79.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 176,0 176,1 Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi
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- ↑ High Commission of Canada in Nairobi (in English and French)
- ↑ High Commission of Kenya in Ottawa
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- ↑ 194,0 194,1 Embassy of Kenya in Washington, D.C.
- ↑ Embassy of Mexico in Nairobi (in Spanish)
- ↑ Ejecutivo dispone la reapertura de la Embajada del Perú en Kenia (in Spanish)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Embassy of the United States in Nairobi
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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- ↑ Israeli embassy in Nairobi
- ↑ Kenyan embassy in Tel Aviv
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ In the full history find out wiki page on Foreign relations of the Philippines
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Embassy of Kenya in Riyadh
- ↑ Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Nairobi (in Arabic and English)
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 227,0 227,1 227,2 227,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, Cities: missions' new frontier, (Baker Book House: 1989), p. 163.
- ↑ High Commission of Kenya in London
- ↑ High Commission of the United Kingdom in Nairobi
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
