Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Liberia

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:Politics of Liberia Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries.Шаблон:Citation needed During the 1990s, Charles Taylor's presidency and the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars underscored Liberian relations with the Western world, the People's Republic of China, and its neighboring countries in Western Africa.Шаблон:Citation needed

Stabilization in the 21st century brought a return to cordial relations with neighboring countries and much of the Western world. Liberia holds diplomatic relations with many western nations, including its long time partner the United States, as well as Russia, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Liberia maintains diplomatic relations with:

Файл:Diplomatic relations of Liberia.svg
# Country Date
1 Шаблон:Flag 1 August 1849[1]
2 Шаблон:Flag 20 April 1852[2]
3 Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Dts[3][4]

Шаблон:Dts[5]

4 Шаблон:Flag 23 February 1864[6]
5 Шаблон:Flag 5 June 1867[7]
Шаблон:Flag 15 December 1927[8]
6 Шаблон:Flag 19 July 1945[9]
7 Шаблон:Flag 3 May 1949[10]
8 Шаблон:Flag 15 May 1950[11]
9 Шаблон:Flag 1 January 1951[12]
10 Шаблон:Flag 5 October 1951[13]
11 Шаблон:Flag 29 June 1952[14]
12 Шаблон:Flag 23 July 1953[15]
13 Шаблон:Flag June 1957[16]
14 Шаблон:Flag 22 August 1957[17]
15 Шаблон:Flag 1957[18]
16 Шаблон:Flag 6 June 1958[19]
17 Шаблон:Flag 11 June 1958[20]
18 Шаблон:Flag 1 August 1958[21]
19 Шаблон:Flag 18 December 1958[22]
20 Шаблон:Flag 1958[23]
21 Шаблон:Flag 6 March 1959[24]
22 Шаблон:Flag 15 September 1959[25]
Шаблон:Flag 1959[26]
23 Шаблон:Flag 8 January 1960[27]
24 Шаблон:Flag 5 April 1960[28]
25 Шаблон:Flag 30 June 1960[29]
26 Шаблон:Flag 7 July 1960[30]
27 Шаблон:Flag 19 July 1960[31]
28 Шаблон:Flag 29 July 1960[32]
29 Шаблон:Flag 1 October 1960[33]
30 Шаблон:Flag 14 October 1960[34]
31 Шаблон:Flag 23 November 1960[35]
32 Шаблон:Flag 20 January 1961[36]
33 Шаблон:Flag 31 July 1961[37]
34 Шаблон:Flag September 1961[38]
35 Шаблон:Flag 8 June 1962[39]
36 Шаблон:Flag 8 August 1962[40]
37 Шаблон:Flag 1962[41]
38 Шаблон:Flag 25 June 1963[42]
39 Шаблон:Flag 1963[43]
40 Шаблон:Flag 1963[43]
41 Шаблон:Flag 1963[43]
42 Шаблон:Flag 18 March 1964[44]
43 Шаблон:Flag 21 May 1964[45]
44 Шаблон:Flag 17 February 1965[46]
45 Шаблон:Flag 16 March 1965[47]
46 Шаблон:Flag 3 November 1965[48]
47 Шаблон:Flag 6 December 1965[49]
48 Шаблон:Flag 1965[50]
49 Шаблон:Flag 27 May 1966[51]
50 Шаблон:Flag 2 February 1967[52]
51 Шаблон:Flag 13 March 1967[53]
52 Шаблон:Flag 5 April 1967[54]
53 Шаблон:Flag 1969[55][56]
54 Шаблон:Flag 24 March 1970[57]
55 Шаблон:Flag 5 May 1970[58]
56 Шаблон:Flag 24 February 1971[59]
57 Шаблон:Flag 31 December 1971[60]
58 Шаблон:Flag 1971[61]
59 Шаблон:Flag 3 April 1972[62]
60 Шаблон:Flag 30 April 1972[63]
61 Шаблон:Flag 7 June 1972[64]
62 Шаблон:Flag 30 May 1973[65]
63 Шаблон:Flag 15 October 1973[66]
64 Шаблон:Flag 20 December 1973[67]
65 Шаблон:Flag 20 February 1974[68]
66 Шаблон:Flag 30 March 1974[69]
67 Шаблон:Flag 1 April 1974[70]
68 Шаблон:Flag 19 April 1974[71]
69 Шаблон:Flag 20 May 1974[72]
70 Шаблон:Flag 29 May 1974[73]
71 Шаблон:Flag 4 July 1974[74]
72 Шаблон:Flag 1 November 1974[75]
73 Шаблон:Flag 11 November 1974[76]
74 Шаблон:Flag 19 March 1975[77]
75 Шаблон:Flag 2 June 1975[78]
76 Шаблон:Flag 17 June 1975[79]
77 Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Dts[80]
78 Шаблон:Flag 23 April 1976[81]
79 Шаблон:Flag 8 June 1976[82]
80 Шаблон:Flag 22 June 1976[83]
81 Шаблон:Flag 15 July 1976[84]
82 Шаблон:Flag 17 February 1977[85]
83 Шаблон:Flag 31 March 1980[86]
84 Шаблон:Flag 1980[87]
85 Шаблон:Flag 1980[87]
86 Шаблон:Flag 1980[87]
87 Шаблон:Flag 15 October 1982[88]
88 Шаблон:Flag July 1983[24]
89 Шаблон:Flag 7 January 1987[89]
90 Шаблон:Flag 28 September 1988[90]
91 Шаблон:Flag 28 April 1990[91]
92 Шаблон:Flag 30 March 1993[92]
93 Шаблон:Flag 22 May 1996[93]
94 Шаблон:Flag 10 January 1997[94]
95 Шаблон:Flag 1997[95]
96 Шаблон:Flag 6 March 1998[96]
97 Шаблон:Flag 24 September 1998[97]
98 Шаблон:Flag Before 1999[13]
99 Шаблон:Flag 30 November 2000[98]
100 Шаблон:Flag 2004[99]
101 Шаблон:Flag 28 November 2006[100]
102 Шаблон:Flag 2 May 2007[101]
103 Шаблон:Flag 1 June 2007[102]
104 Шаблон:Flag 28 June 2007[103]
105 Шаблон:Flag 10 December 2007[104]
106 Шаблон:Flag 20 May 2008[105]
107 Шаблон:Flag 26 September 2008[106]
108 Шаблон:Flag 17 December 2008[107]
109 Шаблон:Flag 26 February 2009[108]
110 Шаблон:Flag 6 May 2009[109]
111 Шаблон:Flag 3 November 2009[110]
112 Шаблон:Flag 3 December 2009[111]
113 Шаблон:Flag 23 February 2010[112]
114 Шаблон:Flag 4 March 2010[113]
115 Шаблон:Flag 21 September 2010[114]
116 Шаблон:Flag 28 August 2012[115]
117 Шаблон:Flag 15 November 2012[116]
118 Шаблон:Flag 4 April 2014[117]
119 Шаблон:Flag 10 April 2014[118]
120 Шаблон:Flag 23 April 2014[119]
121 Шаблон:Flag 26 August 2014[120]
122 Шаблон:Flag 27 April 2016[121]
123 Шаблон:Flag 27 April 2016[122]
124 Шаблон:Flag 17 June 2016[123]
125 Шаблон:Flag 28 June 2016[124]
126 Шаблон:Flag 12 August 2016[125]
127 Шаблон:Flag 5 May 2017[126]
128 Шаблон:Flag 16 May 2017[127]
129 Шаблон:Flag 17 August 2017[128]
130 Шаблон:Flag 22 September 2017[129]
Шаблон:Flag 27 May 2018[130]
131 Шаблон:Flag 22 January 2020[131]
132 Шаблон:Flag 21 September 2022[132]
133 Шаблон:Flag 22 September 2022[133]
134 Шаблон:Flag 29 February 2024[134]
135 Шаблон:Flag Unknown
136 Шаблон:Flag Unknown
137 Шаблон:Flag Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag 31 December 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 December 1971 when Algeria established first Mission and first Algerian Ambassador Mr. Zitouni Messaoudi presented his credentials to President of Liberia.[60]
Шаблон:Flag 5 June 1867 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1867 when has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires of Liberia to Belgium (resident in Paris) M. le vicomte de Fleury.[7]
Шаблон:Flag 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when M. Pierre Cofi, the Ambassador of the Ivory Coast has presented his Letters of credence to President Tubman, from the Presidents of Republics of the Upper Volta, Niger and Dahomey, accrediting him Ambassador of the free states to the Republic of Liberia.[43]
Шаблон:Flag 21 September 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2010 whe Ambassador of Liberia to Botswana Mr. Lois Lewis Brutus presented his credentials to President Seretse Khama.[114]
Шаблон:Flag 23 November 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1960 when open Embassy of Cameroon in Monrovia.[35]
Шаблон:Flag 17 February 1977 See China–Liberia relations

Relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Liberia have been broken and reestablished several times since February 17, 1977, when diplomatic relations between the PRC and Liberia were first formed.[135] The PRC broke off relations with Liberia on October 10, 1989, in response to Liberia's recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan).[136]

Taiwan had offered $200 million in aid to Liberia for education and infrastructure in exchange for this recognition. The PRC reestablished relations with Liberia on August 10, 1993, and opened an embassy in Monrovia, making Liberia one of the few nations with established diplomatic ties to both the PRC and ROC.[137] In 1997, Charles Taylor's government proclaimed to recognize "two Chinas" and the PRC subsequently severed diplomatic relations.[138]

Liberia dropped diplomatic relations with the ROC on October 12, 2003, and reestablished ties with the People's Republic of China.[139] This move was seen largely as a result of the PRC's lobbying in the UN and plans to deploy a peacekeeping force in Liberia.[140]

Шаблон:Flag 31 July 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1961[37]
  • Ivory Coast has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abidjan.
Шаблон:Flag 25 July 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1963 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Liberia (resident in Accra) Mr. Hans Adolf Biering[141]
Шаблон:Flag 11 June 1958 Both countries established diplomatic relations and exchange diplomatic representations at ambassadorial level on 11 June 1958.[20]
Шаблон:Flag 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to Liberia, residing in Lagos M. Jose Walterio Okori Dougan.[87]
Шаблон:Flag 1958 Both countries have agreed to exchange diplomatic missions at Embassy level in 1958.[23]
Шаблон:Flag 20 April 1852 See France–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1852[2]

  • France recognized Liberia in 1852.[142]
  • France has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Paris.
Шаблон:Flag 3 November 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1965 when has been accredited Ambassador of Liberia to Gambia Mr. R. Francis Okai (Jnr.).[48]
Шаблон:Flag 23 July 1953 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1953[15]

See Germany–Liberia relations

  • Liberia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Monrovia.[143]
Шаблон:Flag June 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations in June 1957 when M. Abraham Benjamin Bah Kofi, Ghanian Charge d'Affaires to Liberia presented his credentials to President Tubman.[16]
Шаблон:Flag 6 March 1959

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1959 when Mr. Edward Peal, the Liberian Ambassador to the Republic of Guinea, presented his credentials to President S. Toure.[24]

The First Liberian Civil War, instigated by Charles Taylor and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) on December 24, 1989, eventually spread to neighboring Sierra Leone in 1991 when dissidents of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led by Foday Sankoh, began using Liberia as a staging ground for NPFL backed military assaults on border towns in Sierra Leone.[144][145][146]

By 1992, 120,000 people had fled from Sierra Leone to Guinea due to the RUF's practice of targeting civilians. In 2001, Liberian forces along with the RUF began attacking and burning refugee camps and Guinean villages along the border. In an inflammatory speech the Guinean president Lansana Conté, blamed the refugees for the border destabilization and alleged that the vast majority of refugees were rebels.[144]

He called for the Guinean population to defend its nation. This call precipitated attacks, beatings, rapes, and abductions of refugees by Guinean police and military forces. This reversal of Guinea's previously open policy towards refugees, further escalated the refugee crisis as refugees attempted to cross back through RUF territory.[145] By 2002, the United Nations estimated that three million people, or one in five people of the Mano River Union countries, were displaced.[146][147]

  • Guinea has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Conakry.
Шаблон:Flag 29 June 1952 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1952.[14]
  • Haiti and Liberia recognized each other in 1864.[148]
  • The two countries established treaties of friendship and commerce the same year.[148]
Шаблон:Flag 7 July 1960 See India–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960[30]

Indian-Liberian relations have traditionally been strong and cordial with Liberia's full-fledged support for India's stand on Kashmir and India's aspiration for permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. In recent years, both nations have developed close and extensive cooperation in trade, military and strategic fields.

Amidst India's growing role in Liberia, the Liberian Minister of Mines and Energy, Dr. Eugene Shannon visited India in October 2005 to participate in the Confederation of Indian Industry-Africa Conclave. In 2008, the President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was invited to visit India.[149] Major items of Indian exports include engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, two wheelers, transportation equipment, steel and plastic products. Major items of imports are gold, diamonds, timber and metal scrap. Following lifting of United Nations sanctions, timber concessions have been awarded to Indian firms. Overall, Indian investments in Liberia have been increased from US$450 million in 2005 to an estimated $2 billion in 2009.

Шаблон:Flag 2 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1975[78] In 2023, an Iranian drone struck the Liberian flagged chemical tanker Chem Pluto.[152][153]
Шаблон:Flag 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited Ambassador of Iraq to Liberia, residing in Lagos M. Saffa Mohammed Ali.[87]
Шаблон:Flag 22 August 1957 See Israel–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 August 1957.[17]

  • Liberia and Israel established ties in 1957 with the accreditation of Israeli ambassador Ehud Avriel.[154]
  • Liberia severed ties with Israel over the Yom Kippur War in 1973.[155]
  • Relations are re-established in 1983.[156]
  • On 8 June 2022, Liberia announced its plans to open a trade office in Jerusalem, which is to become an embassy.[156]
Шаблон:Flag 5 October 1951 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1951 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Liberia Mr. Umberto Campini.[13]
Шаблон:Flag September 1961
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1961
  • Liberia is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[157]
Шаблон:Flag 21 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 May 1964 when Liberia's Ambassador to Kenya, Mr. George Padmore, has presented his credentials to the Governor-General of Kenya.[45]
Шаблон:Flag 12 August 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 2016
  • Liberia is accredited to Laos through its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Laos does not have an accreditation to Liberia.[158]
Шаблон:Flag 1 January 1951 Both countries established diplomatic relations when Liberian and Lebanese Governments to raise their Consulates General to the status of Legations, and a proclamation was issued announcing that the change would take effect from 1 January 1951.[12] In 1957 both countries raise their Legations to status of Embassies[159]
Шаблон:Flag 1 April 1974 See Liberia–Libya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1974.[70]

Liberia's relationship with Libya has been characterized by Muammar Gaddafi's attempts at bringing Liberia under greater Libyan influence. Relations under the Doe administration were poor, owing to efforts by the United States to undermine Gaddafi's leverage, and Doe's cynicism of the Libyan leader's intentions. Gaddafi financially and militarily backed rebel leader Charles Taylor, under whose regime Liberia sought closer relations with Libya. After Taylor was ousted in 2003, Liberia continued to maintain diplomatic relations with Libya, only severing them after the onset of the Libyan Civil War, and just recently reestablishing them.

Шаблон:Flag 14 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1960 when established Embassy of Mali in Liberia and appointed first Chargé d'Affaires Mr. Sango Ibrahima in Monrovia[34]
Шаблон:Flag 13 March 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1967 when Ambassador of Mauritania to Liberia M. Bakar Ould Ahmedou, has presented his credentials to President Tubman.[53]
Шаблон:Flag 22 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1976[83]
  • Liberia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[160]
  • Mexico is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
Шаблон:Flag 17 December 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 2008 when has been accredited Ambassador of Liberia to Mozambique.[107]
Шаблон:Flag 28 April 1990

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1990[91]

In 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia brought litigation against apartheid South Africa in the International Court of Justice to end its illegal occupation of Namibia.[161] As part of Liberia's support for Namibia's liberation struggle, many Namibian students received Liberian passports which helped them study abroad.

As of July 2008, a total of 5,900 Namibia Defence Force troops had been rotated through Liberia as part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia.[162] Namibia maintained a battalion of about 800 personnel in Grand Cape Mount county for several years, for most of the period part of UNMIL Sector 2, headquartered at Tubmanburg. In May 2005, Namibian troops were accused of sexual exploitation of young girls and women; three Namibian soldiers were sent home from the force after a United Nations investigation found them guilty of "engaging in sexual activity with civilians", which is against United Nations rules for peacekeepers.[163]

  • Liberia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Liberia from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
Шаблон:Flag 3 May 1949 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1949.[10]

27 March 1936 has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Liberia to the Netherlands Baron Otto van den Bogaerde van Terbrugge.[164]

  • The Netherlands recognized Liberia in 1862.[142]
  • The two countries signed a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation on 20 December 1862.[165]
Шаблон:Flag 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date.[33]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Monrovia.
Шаблон:Flag 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1969 when has been accredited Pakistan's first Ambassador to Liberia M. Ali Arshad.[56]
Шаблон:Flag 7 June 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1972.[64]

Liberia and Russia resumed bilateral relations in March 2010 and cited a recent exploration of mine by a Russian company as a sign of future trade relations.[166]

Шаблон:Flag
  • Liberia began recognizing the SADR on 31 July 1985.[167]
  • Liberia revoked its recognition in September 1997.[167]
  • By 2012, Liberia had re-established relations with the SADR.[168]
Шаблон:Flag 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 when has been accredited Ambassador of Senegal to Liberia M. Amadou Lamine Sall.[41]
Шаблон:Flag 8 June 1962

See Liberia-Sierra Leone relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1962 when has been appointed first ambassador of Liberia to Sierra Leone Mr. Henry B. Fahnbulleh.[39]

The First Liberian Civil War, instigated by Charles Taylor and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) on December 24, 1989, eventually spread to neighboring Sierra Leone in 1991 when dissidents of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led by Foday Sankoh, began using Liberia as a staging ground for NPFL backed military assaults on border towns in Sierra Leone.[144][145][146] Guinea and Sierra Leone have accused Liberia of backing rebels who have devastated their countries.[144]

  • Liberia has an embassy in Freetown.
  • Sierra Leone has an embassy in Monrovia.
Шаблон:Flag 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited Ambassador of Somalia to Liberia, residing in Dakar, M. Jaallee-Abdinur Yusuf Mohamed.[87]
Шаблон:Flag 10 January 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1997[94]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Monrovia.
Шаблон:Flag 18 March 1964

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1964[44]

In 2001 Bilateral Trade were Exports $7,350,000,000 (Ships, Automobile) Imports $1,270,000 (Used Ships, Mineral Fuel).[169]

Шаблон:Flag 15 May 1950 See Liberia–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1950[11]

  • Liberia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Шаблон:Flag 27 May 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 1966 when first Ambassador of Liberia to Tanzania Henry Bima Fahnbulleh presented his credentials to President Nyerere[51]
Шаблон:Flag 29 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1960 when accredited first Ambassador of Liberia to Togo Mr. John Cox.[32]
Шаблон:Flag 6 December 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1965 when was accredited first ambassador of Liberia to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Haiti) Mr. William B. Fernandez[49]
Шаблон:Flag 1 August 1958 See Liberia–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1958[21]

Шаблон:Flag 5 April 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 1967 when has been accredited Ambassador of Liberia to Uganda (Resident in Nairobi) Mr. H. B. Fahnbulleh.[54]
Шаблон:Flag 1 August 1849 See Liberia–United Kingdom relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1849[1]

The UK was amongst the first countries to recognise the new republic. After the visit to the UK in 1848 of President Roberts, Queen Victoria put the Royal Navy ship HMS Amazon at the disposal of him and his family, for his return journey to Liberia.[171]

In 1961, Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Liberia, arriving at Monrovia on the HMY Britannia.[172] President Tubman made a gift of two Pygmy hippopotamus, which arrived by cargo ship in 1962 and were sent to Whipsnade Zoo.[173]

In 1962, President Tubman and his wife visited the UK.[174]

  • Liberia has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Monrovia.
Шаблон:Flag 23 February 1864 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1864[6]

See Liberia–United States relations

U.S. relations with Liberia date back to 1819 when the US Congress appropriated $100,000 for the establishment of Liberia.[175] After official US recognition of Liberia in 1862, the two nations shared very close ties until strains in the 1970s due to Liberia's establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries.[176]

During the 1980s, the United States forged especially close ties with Liberia as part of a Cold War effort to suppress socialist and Marxist movements in Africa. Liberia received between $500 million and $1.3 billion during the 1980s from the United States government.[177]

The rise of Charles Taylor's government, the Liberian Civil War, regional instability and human rights abuses interrupted the previously close relations between Liberia and the United States. The United States cut direct financial and military aid to the Liberian government, withdrew Peace Corps operations, imposed a travel ban on senior Liberian Government officials, and frequently criticized Charles Taylor's government.[175][178] Due to intense pressure from the international community and the United States, Charles Taylor resigned his office on August 11, 2003.[176]

The resignation and exile of Charles Taylor in 2003 brought changes in diplomatic ties between the United States and Liberia. The United States proposed a United Nations Security Council draft resolution to authorize the deployment of a multi-national stabilization force,[179][180] and 200 marines as well as warships were sent to Monrovia's airport to support the peace-keeping effort.[181] The United States committed $1.16 billion to Liberia between 2004 and 2006.[175][182] In 2009, A 17.5 million dollar contract to support elections was offered to Liberia with International Foundation for Electoral Systems as the conduit.[183] This money is meant to support the presidential election of 2011 and the general election of 2014.[183]

Шаблон:Flag 16 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965
Шаблон:Flag 28 June 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 2016[124]
Шаблон:Flag 3 April 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1972 when first Zambian Ambassador to Liberia Mr. Siteke G. Mwale presented his credentials[62]

Diplomatic Agreements

Liberia is a founding member of the United Nations (see Permanent Representative of Liberia to the United Nations) and its specialized agencies and is a member of the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), African Development Bank (ADB), Mano River Union (MRU) and the Non-Aligned Movement. Liberia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).[175][185]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Foreign relations of Liberia Шаблон:Liberia topics Шаблон:Africa in topic

  1. Перейти обратно: 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. Перейти обратно: 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  3. Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. Шаблон:Cite book
  5. Шаблон:Cite book
  6. Перейти обратно: 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  7. Перейти обратно: 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  8. Шаблон:Cite web
  9. Шаблон:Cite web
  10. Перейти обратно: 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  11. Перейти обратно: 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. Перейти обратно: 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  13. Перейти обратно: 13,0 13,1 13,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  14. Перейти обратно: 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. Перейти обратно: 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  16. Перейти обратно: 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  17. Перейти обратно: 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  18. Шаблон:Cite web
  19. Шаблон:Cite web
  20. Перейти обратно: 20,0 20,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  21. Перейти обратно: 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  22. Шаблон:Cite book
  23. Перейти обратно: 23,0 23,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  24. Перейти обратно: 24,0 24,1 24,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  25. Шаблон:Cite web
  26. Шаблон:Cite web
  27. Шаблон:Cite web
  28. Шаблон:Cite web
  29. Шаблон:Cite web
  30. Перейти обратно: 30,0 30,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  31. Шаблон:Cite web
  32. Перейти обратно: 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  33. Перейти обратно: 33,0 33,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  34. Перейти обратно: 34,0 34,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  35. Перейти обратно: 35,0 35,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  36. Шаблон:Cite web
  37. Перейти обратно: 37,0 37,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  38. Шаблон:Cite web
  39. Перейти обратно: 39,0 39,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  40. Шаблон:Cite book
  41. Перейти обратно: 41,0 41,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  42. Шаблон:Cite book
  43. Перейти обратно: 43,0 43,1 43,2 43,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  44. Перейти обратно: 44,0 44,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  45. Перейти обратно: 45,0 45,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  46. Шаблон:Cite web
  47. Шаблон:Cite web
  48. Перейти обратно: 48,0 48,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  49. Перейти обратно: 49,0 49,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  50. Шаблон:Cite web
  51. Перейти обратно: 51,0 51,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  52. Шаблон:Cite web
  53. Перейти обратно: 53,0 53,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  54. Перейти обратно: 54,0 54,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  55. Шаблон:Cite book
  56. Перейти обратно: 56,0 56,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  57. Шаблон:Cite web
  58. Шаблон:Cite book
  59. Шаблон:Cite web
  60. Перейти обратно: 60,0 60,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  61. Шаблон:Cite web
  62. Перейти обратно: 62,0 62,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  63. Шаблон:Cite web
  64. Перейти обратно: 64,0 64,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  65. Шаблон:Cite web
  66. Шаблон:Cite book
  67. Шаблон:Cite web
  68. Шаблон:Cite book
  69. Шаблон:Cite book
  70. Перейти обратно: 70,0 70,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  71. Шаблон:Cite web
  72. Шаблон:Cite book
  73. Шаблон:Cite book
  74. Шаблон:Cite book
  75. Шаблон:Cite web
  76. Шаблон:Cite web
  77. Шаблон:Cite web
  78. Перейти обратно: 78,0 78,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  79. Шаблон:Cite book
  80. Шаблон:Cite book
  81. Шаблон:Cite web
  82. Шаблон:Cite web
  83. Перейти обратно: 83,0 83,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  84. Шаблон:Cite book
  85. Шаблон:Cite web
  86. Шаблон:Cite web
  87. Перейти обратно: 87,0 87,1 87,2 87,3 87,4 87,5 Шаблон:Cite book
  88. Шаблон:Cite book
  89. Шаблон:Cite web
  90. Шаблон:Cite web
  91. Перейти обратно: 91,0 91,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  92. Шаблон:Cite web
  93. Шаблон:Cite web
  94. Перейти обратно: 94,0 94,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  95. Шаблон:Cite web
  96. Шаблон:Cite web
  97. Шаблон:Cite web
  98. Шаблон:Cite web
  99. Шаблон:Cite web
  100. Шаблон:Cite web
  101. Шаблон:Cite web
  102. Шаблон:Cite web
  103. Шаблон:Cite web
  104. Шаблон:Cite web
  105. Шаблон:Cite web
  106. Шаблон:Cite web
  107. Перейти обратно: 107,0 107,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  108. Шаблон:Cite web
  109. Шаблон:Cite web
  110. Шаблон:Cite web
  111. Шаблон:Cite web
  112. Шаблон:Cite web
  113. Шаблон:Cite web
  114. Перейти обратно: 114,0 114,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  115. Шаблон:Cite web
  116. Шаблон:Cite web
  117. Шаблон:Cite web
  118. Шаблон:Cite web
  119. Шаблон:Cite web
  120. Шаблон:Cite web
  121. Шаблон:Cite web
  122. Шаблон:Cite web
  123. Шаблон:Cite web
  124. Перейти обратно: 124,0 124,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  125. Шаблон:Cite web
  126. Шаблон:Cite web
  127. Шаблон:Cite web
  128. Шаблон:Cite web
  129. Шаблон:Cite web
  130. Шаблон:Cite web
  131. Шаблон:Cite web
  132. Шаблон:Cite web
  133. Шаблон:Cite web
  134. Шаблон:Cite web
  135. Шаблон:Cite web
  136. Taiwan Edges Out China for Liberia's Diplomatic Recognition, Global News No. GL970-25, February 21, 1997
  137. Cross-Strait Scramble for Africa, A Hidden Agenda in China-Africa Cooperation Forum, Harvard Asia Quarterly, Volume V, No. 2. Spring 2001 Шаблон:Webarchive
  138. ' China and Liberia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, August 8, 2003 Шаблон:Webarchive
  139. Шаблон:Cite web
  140. Шаблон:Cite web
  141. Шаблон:Cite book
  142. Перейти обратно: 142,0 142,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  143. Шаблон:Cite web Шаблон:In lang
  144. Перейти обратно: 144,0 144,1 144,2 144,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  145. Перейти обратно: 145,0 145,1 145,2 Yekutiel Gershoni. War without End and End to a War: The Prolonged Wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, African Studies Review, Vol. 40, No. 3 (December, 1997), pp. 55-57
  146. Перейти обратно: 146,0 146,1 146,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  147. United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for West Africa, 2001, U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), March 23, 2001, section 2
  148. Перейти обратно: 148,0 148,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  149. Шаблон:Cite web
  150. Шаблон:Cite web
  151. Шаблон:Cite web
  152. Шаблон:Cite web
  153. Шаблон:Cite web
  154. Шаблон:Cite book
  155. Шаблон:Cite web
  156. Перейти обратно: 156,0 156,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  157. Шаблон:Cite web
  158. Шаблон:Cite web
  159. Шаблон:Cite book
  160. Embassy of Liberia in the United States
  161. Liberia, Namibia Sign Agreement aimed at Strengthening Bilateral Relations Шаблон:Webarchive NewLiberian.com, 15 July 2008
  162. Liberia and Namibia to trade more The Namibian, 15 July 2008
  163. NDF to probe Liberia sex scandal The Namibian, 26 May 2005
  164. Шаблон:Cite book
  165. Шаблон:Cite web
  166. Russia And Italy Renew Ties With Liberia Government of Liberia, 17 March 2010
  167. Перейти обратно: 167,0 167,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  168. Шаблон:Cite news
  169. Шаблон:Cite web
  170. Перейти обратно: 170,0 170,1 170,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  171. The Times. Monday, Dec 25, 1848; pg. 8; Issue 20055
  172. The Times Oct 06, 1961; pg. 14, Nov 21, 1961; pg. 8; Issue 55244. Nov 23, 1961; pg. 10; Issue 55246.
  173. The Times. Jun 04, 1962; pg. 5; Issue 55408.
  174. The Times. Mar 28, 1962; pg. 5; Issue 55351. Jul 10, 1962; pg. 11; Issue 55439
  175. Перейти обратно: 175,0 175,1 175,2 175,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  176. Перейти обратно: 176,0 176,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  177. Шаблон:Cite web
  178. Шаблон:Cite web
  179. Шаблон:Cite web
  180. Шаблон:Cite web
  181. Шаблон:Cite web
  182. Liberian president invites rebels into government, CNN, August 12, 2003 Шаблон:Webarchive
  183. Перейти обратно: 183,0 183,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  184. Шаблон:Cite web
  185. Шаблон:Cite web