Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Poland

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Politics of Poland

The Republic of Poland is a Central European country and member of the European Union and NATO, among others. Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.

The Polish economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade. Since the collapse of communism and its re-establishment as a democratic nation, Poland has extended its responsibilities and position in European and Western affairs, supporting and establishing friendly foreign relations with both the West and with numerous European countries.

History

Foreign policy topics are covered in the history articles:

Integration with the West and Europe

Файл:Premier Mateusz Morawiecki spotkał się z liderami V4 w Budapeszt (2021.11.23) 1.jpg
Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki (left) at a Visegrád Group meeting in Budapest in 2021 with fellow member countries.

After regaining independence in 1989, Poland has ahead on its economic reintegration with the Western world.[1] Poland also has been an active nation in advocating European integration.

In 1994, Poland became an associate member of the European Union (EU) and its defensive arm, the Western European Union (WEU). In 1996, Poland achieved full OECD membership and submitted preliminary documentation for full EU membership.

Poland formally joined the European Union in May 2004, along with the other members of the Visegrád Group.

NATO membership

Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz told a 2014 audience at the Wilson Center that Poland sought to join NATO as early as 1992.[2]

In 1997, Poland was invited in the first wave of NATO enlargement at the July 1997 NATO Madrid summit. In March 1999, Poland became a full member of NATO. Poland promoted its NATO candidacy through energetic participation in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and through intensified individual dialogue with NATO.

Poland was a part of the multinational force in Iraq.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Poland maintains diplomatic relations with:[3]

Файл:Diplomatic relations of Poland.svg
# Country Date
1 Шаблон:Flag 27 February 1919[4]
2 Шаблон:Flag 6 March 1919[5]
3 Шаблон:Flag 12 March 1919[6]
4 Шаблон:Flag 13 March 1919[7]
5 Шаблон:Flag 22 March 1919[8]
6 Шаблон:Flag 2 April 1919[9]
7 Шаблон:Flag 2 May 1919[10]
8 Шаблон:Flag 30 May 1919[11]
Шаблон:Flag 6 June 1919[12]
9 Шаблон:Flag 22 June 1919[13]
10 Шаблон:Flag 4 July 1919[14]
11 Шаблон:Flag 15 July 1919[15]
12 Шаблон:Flag 2 August 1919[16]
13 Шаблон:Flag 25 August 1919[17]
14 Шаблон:Flag 8 September 1919[18]
15 Шаблон:Flag 19 September 1919[19]
16 Шаблон:Flag 7 February 1920[20]
17 Шаблон:Flag 9 March 1920[21]
18 Шаблон:Flag 23 March 1920[22]
19 Шаблон:Flag 27 May 1920[23]
20 Шаблон:Flag 22 July 1920[21]
21 Шаблон:Flag 12 August 1920[21]
22 Шаблон:Flag 7 December 1920[24]
23 Шаблон:Flag 27 January 1921[25]
24 Шаблон:Flag 18 April 1921[26]
25 Шаблон:Flag 27 April 1921[27]
26 Шаблон:Flag 4 May 1921[28]
27 Шаблон:Flag 6 September 1921[21]
28 Шаблон:Flag 6 September 1921[21]
29 Шаблон:Flag 17 November 1921[21]
30 Шаблон:Flag 13 May 1922[29]
31 Шаблон:Flag 19 July 1922[30]
32 Шаблон:Flag 23 July 1923[31]
33 Шаблон:Flag 6 September 1923[32]
34 Шаблон:Flag 1927[33]
35 Шаблон:Flag 19 March 1927[34]
36 Шаблон:Flag 3 November 1927[35]
37 Шаблон:Flag 26 February 1928[36]
38 Шаблон:Flag 22 December 1932[37]
39 Шаблон:Flag 1 January 1933[38]
40 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
41 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
42 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
43 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[40]
44 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
45 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
46 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
47 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
48 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
49 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
50 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 1933[39]
51 Шаблон:Flag 3 September 1935[41]
52 Шаблон:Flag 7 April 1937[42]
53 Шаблон:Flag 19 March 1938[43]
54 Шаблон:Flag 9 February 1942[44]
55 Шаблон:Flag 1 September 1943[45]
56 Шаблон:Flag 1 August 1944[46]
57 Шаблон:Flag 18 September 1945
58 Шаблон:Flag 14 January 1946
59 Шаблон:Flag 19 May 1948
60 Шаблон:Flag 16 October 1948[47]
61 Шаблон:Flag 7 October 1949[48]
62 Шаблон:Flag 4 February 1950[49]
63 Шаблон:Flag 14 April 1950[50]
64 Шаблон:Flag 30 March 1954[51]
65 Шаблон:Flag 19 September 1955[52]
66 Шаблон:Flag 9 November 1955
67 Шаблон:Flag 4 April 1956
68 Шаблон:Flag 24 April 1956[53]
69 Шаблон:Flag 18 April 1957[54]
70 Шаблон:Flag 21 December 1957[55]
71 Шаблон:Flag 29 June 1959[56]
72 Шаблон:Flag 7 July 1959[57]
73 Шаблон:Flag 15 November 1959[58]
74 Шаблон:Flag 24 November 1959[59]
75 Шаблон:Flag 31 December 1959[60]
76 Шаблон:Flag 15 January 1961[61]
77 Шаблон:Flag 12 February 1961
78 Шаблон:Flag 12 May 1961
79 Шаблон:Flag 14 January 1962[53]
80 Шаблон:Flag 2 May 1962
81 Шаблон:Flag 30 May 1962[62]
82 Шаблон:Flag 14 June 1962
83 Шаблон:Flag 18 June 1962
84 Шаблон:Flag 10 July 1962[53]
85 Шаблон:Flag 8 August 1962[63]
86 Шаблон:Flag 8 September 1962
87 Шаблон:Flag 9 November 1962
88 Шаблон:Flag 17 December 1962[64]
89 Шаблон:Flag 26 December 1962
90 Шаблон:Flag 8 April 1963
91 Шаблон:Flag 17 May 1963
92 Шаблон:Flag 2 December 1963[65]
93 Шаблон:Flag 13 December 1963[66]
94 Шаблон:Flag 20 February 1964[67]
95 Шаблон:Flag 10 July 1965[68]
96 Шаблон:Flag 3 December 1965[69]
97 Шаблон:Flag 30 June 1966
98 Шаблон:Flag 13 June 1968
99 Шаблон:Flag 12 April 1969[70]
100 Шаблон:Flag 15 January 1970[71]
101 Шаблон:Flag 21 June 1971[72]
102 Шаблон:Flag 30 June 1971
103 Шаблон:Flag 23 October 1971[73]
104 Шаблон:Flag 12 January 1972[74]
105 Шаблон:Flag 20 February 1972[75]
106 Шаблон:Flag 14 March 1972[76]
107 Шаблон:Flag 10 July 1972[77]
108 Шаблон:Flag 14 November 1972[78]
109 Шаблон:Flag 19 December 1972[79]
110 Шаблон:Flag 28 February 1973
111 Шаблон:Flag 30 May 1973[80]
112 Шаблон:Flag 22 September 1973[81]
113 Шаблон:Flag 3 October 1973[82]
114 Шаблон:Flag 28 November 1973
115 Шаблон:Flag 9 June 1974
116 Шаблон:Flag 4 November 1974
117 Шаблон:Flag 21 January 1975[83]
118 Шаблон:Flag 25 June 1975[84]
119 Шаблон:Flag 25 November 1975
120 Шаблон:Flag 12 February 1976[85]
121 Шаблон:Flag 30 September 1976[86]
122 Шаблон:Flag 16 October 1976[87]
123 Шаблон:Flag 6 June 1977[88]
124 Шаблон:Flag 10 February 1978[89]
125 Шаблон:Flag 20 November 1978[90]
126 Шаблон:Flag 22 November 1978[91]
127 Шаблон:Flag 20 December 1978[92]
128 Шаблон:Flag 5 January 1979
129 Шаблон:Flag 14 February 1979
130 Шаблон:Flag 30 April 1979
131 Шаблон:Flag 29 May 1979[93]
132 Шаблон:Flag 24 February 1980[94]
133 Шаблон:Flag 2 June 1980[95]
134 Шаблон:Flag 18 February 1981
135 Шаблон:Flag 1 October 1984[91]
136 Шаблон:Flag 15 November 1986[96]
Шаблон:Flag 11 April 1989
137 Шаблон:Flag 4 September 1989
138 Шаблон:Flag 16 October 1989
139 Шаблон:Flag 1 November 1989[97]
140 Шаблон:Flag 24 January 1990[98]
141 Шаблон:Flag 21 March 1990[99]
142 Шаблон:Flag 10 May 1990[91]
Шаблон:Flag 9 July 1990
143 Шаблон:Flag 22 April 1991
144 Шаблон:Flag 17 December 1991[91]
145 Шаблон:Flag 18 December 1991[100]
146 Шаблон:Flag 4 January 1992[101]
147 Шаблон:Flag 10 February 1992
148 Шаблон:Flag 11 February 1992[102]
149 Шаблон:Flag 21 February 1992[103]
150 Шаблон:Flag 26 February 1992[104]
151 Шаблон:Flag 2 March 1992[105]
152 Шаблон:Flag 19 March 1992[106]
153 Шаблон:Flag 6 April 1992
154 Шаблон:Flag 10 April 1992[107]
155 Шаблон:Flag 11 April 1992
156 Шаблон:Flag 28 April 1992[108]
157 Шаблон:Flag 10 July 1992[109]
158 Шаблон:Flag 14 July 1992[110]
159 Шаблон:Flag 5 September 1992
160 Шаблон:Flag 29 September 1992
161 Шаблон:Flag 1 January 1993[111]
162 Шаблон:Flag 24 May 1993[112]
163 Шаблон:Flag 15 July 1993
164 Шаблон:Flag 30 December 1993
165 Шаблон:Flag 14 November 1994[113]
166 Шаблон:Flag 2 May 1995[91]
167 Шаблон:Flag 3 May 1995[114]
168 Шаблон:Flag 22 December 1995[115]
169 Шаблон:Flag 20 March 1996[91]
170 Шаблон:Flag 15 May 1996
171 Шаблон:Flag 16 May 1996[91]
172 Шаблон:Flag 13 September 1996[91]
173 Шаблон:Flag 13 August 1998[91]
174 Шаблон:Flag 24 May 2000[91]
175 Шаблон:Flag 18 November 2002[116]
176 Шаблон:Flag 19 November 2003[117]
177 Шаблон:Flag 13 September 2005[118]
178 Шаблон:Flag 14 August 2006[119]
179 Шаблон:Flag 27 September 2007[120]
180 Шаблон:Flag 4 June 2009[91]
181 Шаблон:Flag 23 June 2009[91]
182 Шаблон:Flag 27 January 2012[91]
183 Шаблон:Flag 6 March 2012[91]
184 Шаблон:Flag 8 March 2012[91]
185 Шаблон:Flag 29 November 2012[91]
186 Шаблон:Flag 31 January 2013[121]
187 Шаблон:Flag 11 July 2014[91]
188 Шаблон:Flag 24 November 2014[122]
189 Шаблон:Flag 2 March 2015[123]
190 Шаблон:Flag 6 March 2015[124]
191 Шаблон:Flag 4 May 2015[125]
192 Шаблон:Flag 29 August 2016[126]

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag See Poland in the European Union

Poland joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.

Шаблон:Flag

Poland joined NATO as a full member on 12 March 1999.

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag See Algeria–Poland relations
  • Algeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Algiers.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Angola has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Luanda.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Chad is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Tunis, Tunisia.
Шаблон:Flag See Egypt–Poland relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Cairo.
Шаблон:Flag See Ethiopia–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 13 December 1963 See Kenya–Poland relations
  • Kenya is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Poland has an embassy in Nairobi.
Шаблон:Flag See Libya–Poland relations
  • Libya has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
Шаблон:Flag See Mali–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag See Morocco–Poland relations
  • Morocco has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Rabat.
Шаблон:Flag 25 June 1975
  • Mozambique is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Maputo.
Шаблон:Flag 21 March 1990
  • Namibia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Шаблон:Flag See Nigeria–Poland relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Abuja.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Senegal relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag 1988 See Poland–South Africa relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag 31 January 2013 See Poland–South Sudan relations
Шаблон:Flag 1961 See Poland–Tanzania relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Tunisia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag 1963 See Poland–Uganda relations
  • Poland is accredited to Uganda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kampala.
  • Uganda is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Zambia relations

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag 1920 See Argentina–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 2 May 1995

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1995.[128]

Шаблон:Flag
  • Bolivia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
Шаблон:Flag 27 May 1920 See Brazil–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1935 See Canada–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1920 See Chile–Poland relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Santiago.
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Шаблон:Flag 1931 See Colombia–Poland relations
  • Colombia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Bogotá.[133]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Шаблон:Flag 1933 See Cuba–Poland relations
  • Cuba has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Havana.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Ecuador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
Шаблон:Flag
  • El Salvador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in Panama City, Panama.
Шаблон:Flag 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972.[134]

  • Guyana is accredited to Poland from its high commission in London, United Kingdom.
  • Poland is accredited to Guyana from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Haiti is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.
Шаблон:Flag 26 February 1928 See Mexico–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag
  • Panama has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Panama City.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Paraguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Шаблон:Flag 1923 See Peru–Poland relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Warsaw.[137]
  • Poland has an embassy in Lima.[138]
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–United States relations

A tighter security alliance with the United States was announced in the middle of the Georgian crisis as an agreement between the two countries was reached to allow the US to install and operate an interceptor missile defense shield, a move which Russia sees explicitly targeting it and which it stated made Poland "a legit military target".[139] A high-ranking Russian military official said: "Poland in deploying [the US system] opens itself to a nuclear strike".[140]

Шаблон:Flag 22 July 1920 See Poland–Uruguay relations
  • Poland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Шаблон:Flag 1933 See Poland–Venezuela relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Warsaw.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag See Afghanistan–Poland relations
  • Afghanistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
Шаблон:Flag 1992-2-26[143] See Armenia–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1992-02-21[146] See Azerbaijan–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag See Bangladesh–Poland relations
  • Bangladesh has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
Шаблон:Flag 1919 See China–Poland relations
  • Relations between Poland and the People's Republic of China began on 5 October 1949.
  • China has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Шаблон:Flag 1992-04-28 See Georgia–Poland relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Шаблон:Flag See India–Poland relations

Historically, relations have generally been close and friendly, characterized by understanding and cooperation on international front.[147]

Шаблон:Flag See Indonesia–Poland relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Jakarta.
Шаблон:Flag See Iran–Poland relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tehran.
Шаблон:Flag See Iraq–Poland relations
  • Iraq has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Baghdad.
Шаблон:Flag 27 February 1990 See Israel–Poland relations

Poland broke off relations with Israel after the Six-Day War of 1967, following most other countries of the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Bloc. Poland was the first Eastern bloc country to recognize Israel again in 1986. Full diplomatic relations have been reestablished in 1990, after the communist People's Republic of Poland was transformed into modern, democratic Poland. Government relations between Poland and Israel are steadily improving, resulting in the mutual visits of presidents and the ministers of foreign affairs.[150][151]

Шаблон:Flag See Japan–Poland relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Warsaw, and an honorary consulate in Kraków.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tokyo, and 2 honorary consulates (in Kobe and Hiroshima).[152]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Шаблон:Flag 6 April 1992 See Kazakhstan–Poland relations

Poland opened its embassy in Nur-Sultan in March 1994. Kazakhstan's embassy to Poland was opened in October 2000.[153]

  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Nur-Sultan.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Kuwait City.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Beirut.
Шаблон:Flag See Malaysia–Poland relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Warsaw,[154] and Poland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate in Kuching.[155][156]

Шаблон:Flag See Mongolia–Poland relations
  • Mongolia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
Шаблон:Flag 1948 October[157] See Poland–North Korea relations
  • North Korea has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Pyongyang.
Шаблон:Flag 17 December 1962 See Pakistan–Poland relations
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Islamabad.
Шаблон:Flag 1988 See Palestine–Poland relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has a representative office in Ramallah.
Шаблон:Flag See Philippines–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag
  • Poland has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag 1969[159]
  • Poland has an embassy in Singapore.[159]
  • Singapore has a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore accredited to Poland and has an honorary consulate-general in Warsaw.[159]
Шаблон:Flag 1 November 1989[160] See Poland–South Korea relations
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Taiwan relations
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Tajikistan relations
Шаблон:Flag
  • Poland has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Turkey relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO, OECD and the Council of Europe.
  • Poland is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Poland supports Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Turkmenistan relations
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Uzbekistan relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Tashkent.
  • Uzbekistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Vietnam relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Warsaw.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag See Albania–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1996-5-15
  • Andorra is accredited to Poland from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Andorra la Vella, Andorra.
  • Poland is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
Шаблон:Flag 1921 See Austria–Poland relations

Austria was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Prussia/Germany and Russia.

Шаблон:Flag 1992-03-02[165] See Belarus–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1919-3[169]
Шаблон:Flag
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Шаблон:Flag 1920s See Bulgaria–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1992-04-11 See Croatia–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1960s See Cyprus–Poland relations

[174]

Шаблон:Flag 1991-10-6[175] See Czech Republic–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag See Denmark–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1991-09 See Estonia–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1919-03-08 See Finland–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1919-2-24[179] See France–Poland relations

Polish-French relations date several centuries, although they became really relevant only with times of French Revolution and reign of Napoleon I. Poles have been allies of Napoleon; large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period. The official relations, having cooled down during the Cold War, have improved since the fall of communism. Currently both countries are part of the European Union and NATO.

Шаблон:Flag See Germany–Poland relations

After the creation of modern Germany in 1871, Germany was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Russia.

The joint Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II, and then until 1945, Poland was occupied by Germany and subjected to crimes against its popualtion.

During the Cold War, communist Poland had good relations with East Germany, but had strained relations with West Germany. After the fall of communism, Poland and the reunited Germany have had a mostly positive but occasionally strained relationship due to some political issues. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Germany has been a proponent of Poland's participation in NATO and the European Union.

Шаблон:Flag See Greece–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1919 See Holy See–Poland relations
  • Holy see has an apostolic nunciature in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Шаблон:Flag See Hungary–Poland relations

Relations between the two states date back from the Middle Ages. For a long time, they enjoy traditional close friendship.

Шаблон:Flag January 1946 See Iceland–Poland relations
  • Iceland has an embassy in Warsaw.[182]
  • Poland has an embassy in Reykjavík.[183]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
Шаблон:Flag 1976-9-30[184] See Ireland–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1919-2-27[189] See Italy–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1991-08-30 See Latvia–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 1991-9-5[194] See Lithuania–Poland relations

Poland and Lithuania formed a close alliance and political union since 1385, which was eventually transformed into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the greatest historic powers of Central and Eastern Europe.

The fall of communism in the years of 1989-1991 led to a formal reestablishment of relations by the Polish and Lithuanian states. Poland was highly supportive of the Lithuanian independence, and became one of the first countries to recognize independent Lithuania.[195] Despite that, there was a relative crisis in the early 1990s,[196] due to Lithuanian mistreatment of Polish minority, and Lithuanian suspicious that Poland would want to put Lithuania under its sphere of influence.[195] After a few years, as the situation normalized, Polish-Lithuanian relations have been steadily improving over the past two decades, with both countries joining the NATO and European Union.

Шаблон:Flag 1921-4-18[197] See Luxembourg–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag 1991-8-27[198] See Moldova–Poland relations
  • Moldova has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Chișinău.
Шаблон:Flag 1990[199]
  • Monaco is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany and maintains an honorary consulate in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Шаблон:Flag
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Podgorica.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Montenegro is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Шаблон:Flag See Netherlands–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Skopje.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • North Macedonia is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Шаблон:Flag See Norway–Poland relations
Шаблон:Flag 11 July 1974 See Poland–Portugal relations
Шаблон:Flag 1919-02-09 See Poland–Romania relations
Шаблон:Flag See Poland–Russia relations

Russia was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Prussia/Germany.

The joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II.

In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. During the Russo-Georgian War Poland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the war was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics. Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved, despite the Smolensk air disaster where the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia the relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions against Ukraine.

Шаблон:Flag 1919 See Poland–Serbia relations
Шаблон:Flag 1993 See Poland–Slovakia relations
Шаблон:Flag 1992-4-10[204]
Шаблон:Flag 1919-5-19[205] See Poland–Spain relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Madrid and a consulate-general in Barcelona.
  • Spain has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Шаблон:Flag 1919-6-3[205] See Poland–Sweden relations

Poland and Sweden formed the Polish–Swedish union in the late 16th century.

Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag 1992-1-4[206] See Poland–Ukraine relations

Both countries share a border of about Шаблон:Convert.[166] Poland's acceptance of the Schengen Agreement created problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009 an agreement on local border traffic between the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure.[207]

Шаблон:Flag 1919-2-25[208] See Poland–United Kingdom relations

During the Cold War Poland retained a largely negative view of Britain as a sluggish ally of Poland during World War II, later acceptance of neglecting Poland in the international arena and placing it in communist influences. In communist times the UK was a part of the NATO block, so consequently it was considered by the communists as natural enemy of the communist bloc. British efforts meanwhile were focussed at trying to break Poland off from the Warsaw Pact and encouraging reforms in the country. In the 1990s and 2000s democratic Poland has maintained close relations with Britain; both in defence matters and within the EU; Britain being one of only a few countries allowing equal rights to Polish workers upon their accession in 2004.[209]

  • Poland has an embassy in London and consulates-general in Belfast, Edinburgh and Manchester.[210]
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • According to official estimates there were around 900,000 Poles living in the UK in December 2019.[211]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Шаблон:Flag February 1972 See Australia–Poland relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Warsaw.[212]
  • Poland has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney.[213]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Шаблон:Flag 12 February 2019

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2019.[214]

  • Poland is accredited to Micronesia from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Micronesia currently does not have an accredited ambassador to Poland.
Шаблон:Flag 1 March 1973 See New Zealand–Poland relations
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Warsaw.[215]
  • Poland has an embassy in Wellington.[216]
  • Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Шаблон:Flag See Papua New Guinea–Poland relations
  • Papua New Guinea is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Brussels.
  • Poland is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its embassy in Canberra, and there is an honorary consulate of Poland in Madang.[217]
Шаблон:Flag 6 March 2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 2012.[218]

  • Poland is accredited to the Solomon Islands from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Solomon Islands are accredited to Poland from its embassy Brussels, Belgium.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:CIA World Factbook

Further reading

  • Biskupski, M. B. The History of Poland. Greenwood, 2000. 264 pp. online edition Шаблон:Webarchive
  • The Cambridge History of Poland, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941 (1697–1935), 1950 (to 1696). New York: Octagon Books, 1971 online edition vol 1 to 1696 Шаблон:Webarchive, old fashioned but highly detailed
  • Davies, Norman. God's Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 / Шаблон:ISBN.
  • Davies, Norman. Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford University Press, 1984. 511 pp. excerpt and text search
  • Шаблон:Cite journal
  • Frucht, Richard. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism Garland Pub., 2000 online edition Шаблон:Webarchive
  • Gerson Louis L. Woodrow Wilson and the Rebirth of Poland 1914-1920 (1972)
  • Hetherington, Peter. Unvanquished: Joseph Pilsudski, Resurrected Poland, and the Struggle for Eastern Europe (2012) 752pp excerpt and text search
  • Kenney, Padraic. "After the Blank Spots Are Filled: Recent Perspectives on Modern Poland," Journal of Modern History (2007) 79#1 pp 134–61, in JSTOR historiography
  • Klatt, Malgorzata. "Poland and its Eastern neighbours: Foreign policy principles." Journal of Contemporary European Research 7.1 (2011): 61-76. online
  • Korbel, Josef. Poland Between East and West: Soviet and German Diplomacy toward Poland, 1919–1933 (Princeton University Press, 1963)
  • Kuźniar, R. ed. Poland's Security Policy 1989-2000 (Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House, 2001).
  • Lerski, George J. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood, 1996. 750 pp. online
  • Leslie, R. F. et al. The History of Poland since 1863. Cambridge U. Press, 1980. 494 pp. excerptШаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cbignore
  • Lukowski, Jerzy and Zawadzki, Hubert. A Concise History of Poland. (2nd ed. Cambridge U. Press, 2006). 408pp. excerpts and search
  • Magocsi, Paul Robert t al. A History of East Central Europe (1974).
  • Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
  • Prazmowska, Anita J. A History of Poland (2004\)
  • Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
  • Snyder, Timothy. The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 (2003).
  • Wróbel, Piotr. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945-1996. Greenwood, 1998. 397 pp.
  • Zięba, Ryszard. Poland's Foreign and Security Policy Springer, 2020) online

Шаблон:Poland topics Шаблон:Years in Poland

Шаблон:Polish foreign relations Шаблон:Poland topics Шаблон:Foreign relations of Europe

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