Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Poland
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Politics of Poland
The Republic of Poland is a Central European country and member of the European Union and NATO, among others. Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.
The Polish economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade. Since the collapse of communism and its re-establishment as a democratic nation, Poland has extended its responsibilities and position in European and Western affairs, supporting and establishing friendly foreign relations with both the West and with numerous European countries.
History
Foreign policy topics are covered in the history articles:
- History of Poland
- History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)
- History of Poland (1795–1918), when it was split three ways between Germany, Russia and Austria and had no foreign policy
- Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815) a semi-independent country
- History of Poland during World War I
- History of Poland (1918–1939)
- History of Poland (1939–1945)
- History of Poland (1945–1989)
- History of Poland (1989–present)
Integration with the West and Europe
After regaining independence in 1989, Poland has ahead on its economic reintegration with the Western world.[1] Poland also has been an active nation in advocating European integration.
In 1994, Poland became an associate member of the European Union (EU) and its defensive arm, the Western European Union (WEU). In 1996, Poland achieved full OECD membership and submitted preliminary documentation for full EU membership.
Poland formally joined the European Union in May 2004, along with the other members of the Visegrád Group.
NATO membership
Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz told a 2014 audience at the Wilson Center that Poland sought to join NATO as early as 1992.[2]
In 1997, Poland was invited in the first wave of NATO enlargement at the July 1997 NATO Madrid summit. In March 1999, Poland became a full member of NATO. Poland promoted its NATO candidacy through energetic participation in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and through intensified individual dialogue with NATO.
Poland was a part of the multinational force in Iraq.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Poland maintains diplomatic relations with:[3]
Файл:Diplomatic relations of Poland.svg | ||
---|---|---|
# | Country | Date |
1 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 February 1919[4] |
2 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 March 1919[5] |
3 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 March 1919[6] |
4 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 March 1919[7] |
5 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 March 1919[8] |
6 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 April 1919[9] |
7 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 May 1919[10] |
8 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 May 1919[11] |
— | Шаблон:Flag | 6 June 1919[12] |
9 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 June 1919[13] |
10 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 July 1919[14] |
11 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 July 1919[15] |
12 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 August 1919[16] |
13 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 August 1919[17] |
14 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 September 1919[18] |
15 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 September 1919[19] |
16 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 February 1920[20] |
17 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 March 1920[21] |
18 | Шаблон:Flag | 23 March 1920[22] |
19 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 May 1920[23] |
20 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 July 1920[21] |
21 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 August 1920[21] |
22 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 December 1920[24] |
23 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 January 1921[25] |
24 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 April 1921[26] |
25 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 April 1921[27] |
26 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 May 1921[28] |
27 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 September 1921[21] |
28 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 September 1921[21] |
29 | Шаблон:Flag | 17 November 1921[21] |
30 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 May 1922[29] |
31 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 July 1922[30] |
32 | Шаблон:Flag | 23 July 1923[31] |
33 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 September 1923[32] |
34 | Шаблон:Flag | 1927[33] |
35 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 March 1927[34] |
36 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 November 1927[35] |
37 | Шаблон:Flag | 26 February 1928[36] |
38 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 December 1932[37] |
39 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1933[38] |
40 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
41 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
42 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
43 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[40] |
44 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
45 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
46 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
47 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
48 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
49 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
50 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1933[39] |
51 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 September 1935[41] |
52 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 April 1937[42] |
53 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 March 1938[43] |
54 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 February 1942[44] |
55 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 September 1943[45] |
56 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 August 1944[46] |
57 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 September 1945 |
58 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 January 1946 |
59 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 May 1948 |
60 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 October 1948[47] |
61 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 October 1949[48] |
62 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 February 1950[49] |
63 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 April 1950[50] |
64 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 March 1954[51] |
65 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 September 1955[52] |
66 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 November 1955 |
67 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 April 1956 |
68 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 April 1956[53] |
69 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 April 1957[54] |
70 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 December 1957[55] |
71 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 June 1959[56] |
72 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 July 1959[57] |
73 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 November 1959[58] |
74 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 November 1959[59] |
75 | Шаблон:Flag | 31 December 1959[60] |
76 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 January 1961[61] |
77 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 February 1961 |
78 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 May 1961 |
79 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 January 1962[53] |
80 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 May 1962 |
81 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 May 1962[62] |
82 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 June 1962 |
83 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 June 1962 |
84 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 July 1962[53] |
85 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 August 1962[63] |
86 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 September 1962 |
87 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 November 1962 |
88 | Шаблон:Flag | 17 December 1962[64] |
89 | Шаблон:Flag | 26 December 1962 |
90 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 April 1963 |
91 | Шаблон:Flag | 17 May 1963 |
92 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 December 1963[65] |
93 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 December 1963[66] |
94 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 February 1964[67] |
95 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 July 1965[68] |
96 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 December 1965[69] |
97 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 June 1966 |
98 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 June 1968 |
99 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 April 1969[70] |
100 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 January 1970[71] |
101 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 June 1971[72] |
102 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 June 1971 |
103 | Шаблон:Flag | 23 October 1971[73] |
104 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 January 1972[74] |
105 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 February 1972[75] |
106 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 March 1972[76] |
107 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 July 1972[77] |
108 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 November 1972[78] |
109 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 December 1972[79] |
110 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 February 1973 |
111 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 May 1973[80] |
112 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 September 1973[81] |
113 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 October 1973[82] |
114 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 November 1973 |
115 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 June 1974 |
116 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 November 1974 |
117 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 January 1975[83] |
118 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 June 1975[84] |
119 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1975 |
120 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 February 1976[85] |
121 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 September 1976[86] |
122 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 October 1976[87] |
123 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 June 1977[88] |
124 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 February 1978[89] |
125 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 November 1978[90] |
126 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 November 1978[91] |
127 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 December 1978[92] |
128 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 January 1979 |
129 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 February 1979 |
130 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 April 1979 |
131 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 May 1979[93] |
132 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 February 1980[94] |
133 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 June 1980[95] |
134 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 February 1981 |
135 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 October 1984[91] |
136 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 November 1986[96] |
— | Шаблон:Flag | 11 April 1989 |
137 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 September 1989 |
138 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 October 1989 |
139 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 November 1989[97] |
140 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 January 1990[98] |
141 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 March 1990[99] |
142 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 May 1990[91] |
— | Шаблон:Flag | 9 July 1990 |
143 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 April 1991 |
144 | Шаблон:Flag | 17 December 1991[91] |
145 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 December 1991[100] |
146 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 January 1992[101] |
147 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 February 1992 |
148 | Шаблон:Flag | 11 February 1992[102] |
149 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 February 1992[103] |
150 | Шаблон:Flag | 26 February 1992[104] |
151 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 March 1992[105] |
152 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 March 1992[106] |
153 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 April 1992 |
154 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 April 1992[107] |
155 | Шаблон:Flag | 11 April 1992 |
156 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 April 1992[108] |
157 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 July 1992[109] |
158 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 July 1992[110] |
159 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 September 1992 |
160 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 September 1992 |
161 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1993[111] |
162 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 May 1993[112] |
163 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 July 1993 |
164 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 December 1993 |
165 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 November 1994[113] |
166 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 May 1995[91] |
167 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 May 1995[114] |
168 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 December 1995[115] |
169 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 March 1996[91] |
170 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 May 1996 |
171 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 May 1996[91] |
172 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 September 1996[91] |
173 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 August 1998[91] |
174 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 May 2000[91] |
175 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 2002[116] |
176 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 November 2003[117] |
177 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 September 2005[118] |
178 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 August 2006[119] |
179 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 September 2007[120] |
180 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 June 2009[91] |
181 | Шаблон:Flag | 23 June 2009[91] |
182 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 January 2012[91] |
183 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 March 2012[91] |
184 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 March 2012[91] |
185 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 November 2012[91] |
186 | Шаблон:Flag | 31 January 2013[121] |
187 | Шаблон:Flag | 11 July 2014[91] |
188 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 November 2014[122] |
189 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 March 2015[123] |
190 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 March 2015[124] |
191 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 May 2015[125] |
192 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 August 2016[126] |
Bilateral relations
Multilateral
Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland in the European Union
Poland joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004. | |
Шаблон:Flag |
Poland joined NATO as a full member on 12 March 1999. |
Africa
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | See Algeria–Poland relations | |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Egypt–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Ethiopia–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 13 December 1963 | See Kenya–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | See Libya–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Mali–Poland relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | See Morocco–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 June 1975 |
|
Шаблон:Flag | 21 March 1990 |
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Nigeria–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Senegal relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1988 | See Poland–South Africa relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 31 January 2013 | See Poland–South Sudan relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 1961 | See Poland–Tanzania relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Tunisia relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1963 | See Poland–Uganda relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Zambia relations |
Americas
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | 1920 | See Argentina–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 2 May 1995 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1995.[128] |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 May 1920 | See Brazil–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 1935 | See Canada–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1920 | See Chile–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 1931 | See Colombia–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 1933 | See Cuba–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1972 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972.[134]
|
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 26 February 1928 | See Mexico–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1923 | See Peru–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–United States relations
A tighter security alliance with the United States was announced in the middle of the Georgian crisis as an agreement between the two countries was reached to allow the US to install and operate an interceptor missile defense shield, a move which Russia sees explicitly targeting it and which it stated made Poland "a legit military target".[139] A high-ranking Russian military official said: "Poland in deploying [the US system] opens itself to a nuclear strike".[140] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 22 July 1920 | See Poland–Uruguay relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1933 | See Poland–Venezuela relations
|
Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | See Afghanistan–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1992-2-26[143] | See Armenia–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1992-02-21[146] | See Azerbaijan–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Bangladesh–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1919 | See China–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 1992-04-28 | See Georgia–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See India–Poland relations
Historically, relations have generally been close and friendly, characterized by understanding and cooperation on international front.[147] | |
Шаблон:Flag | See Indonesia–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Iran–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Iraq–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 February 1990 | See Israel–Poland relations
Poland broke off relations with Israel after the Six-Day War of 1967, following most other countries of the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Bloc. Poland was the first Eastern bloc country to recognize Israel again in 1986. Full diplomatic relations have been reestablished in 1990, after the communist People's Republic of Poland was transformed into modern, democratic Poland. Government relations between Poland and Israel are steadily improving, resulting in the mutual visits of presidents and the ministers of foreign affairs.[150][151]
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Japan–Poland relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | 6 April 1992 | See Kazakhstan–Poland relations
Poland opened its embassy in Nur-Sultan in March 1994. Kazakhstan's embassy to Poland was opened in October 2000.[153]
|
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Malaysia–Poland relations
Malaysia has an embassy in Warsaw,[154] and Poland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate in Kuching.[155][156] | |
Шаблон:Flag | See Mongolia–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1948 October[157] | See Poland–North Korea relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 17 December 1962 | See Pakistan–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1988 | See Palestine–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Philippines–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Saudi Arabia relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1969[159] | |
Шаблон:Flag | 1 November 1989[160] | See Poland–South Korea relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Taiwan relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Tajikistan relations | |
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Turkey relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Turkmenistan relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Uzbekistan relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Vietnam relations
|
Europe
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | See Albania–Poland relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | 1996-5-15 |
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1921 | See Austria–Poland relations
Austria was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Prussia/Germany and Russia.
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1992-03-02[165] | See Belarus–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-3[169] |
|
Шаблон:Flag | ||
Шаблон:Flag | 1920s | See Bulgaria–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1992-04-11 | See Croatia–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1960s | See Cyprus–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1991-10-6[175] | See Czech Republic–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Denmark–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1991-09 | See Estonia–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-03-08 | See Finland–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-2-24[179] | See France–Poland relations
Polish-French relations date several centuries, although they became really relevant only with times of French Revolution and reign of Napoleon I. Poles have been allies of Napoleon; large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period. The official relations, having cooled down during the Cold War, have improved since the fall of communism. Currently both countries are part of the European Union and NATO.
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Germany–Poland relations
After the creation of modern Germany in 1871, Germany was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Russia. The joint Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II, and then until 1945, Poland was occupied by Germany and subjected to crimes against its popualtion. During the Cold War, communist Poland had good relations with East Germany, but had strained relations with West Germany. After the fall of communism, Poland and the reunited Germany have had a mostly positive but occasionally strained relationship due to some political issues. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Germany has been a proponent of Poland's participation in NATO and the European Union.
| |
Шаблон:Flag | See Greece–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1919 | See Holy See–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Hungary–Poland relations
Relations between the two states date back from the Middle Ages. For a long time, they enjoy traditional close friendship.
| |
Шаблон:Flag | January 1946 | See Iceland–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 1976-9-30[184] | See Ireland–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-2-27[189] | See Italy–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1991-08-30 | See Latvia–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1991-9-5[194] | See Lithuania–Poland relations
Poland and Lithuania formed a close alliance and political union since 1385, which was eventually transformed into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the greatest historic powers of Central and Eastern Europe. The fall of communism in the years of 1989-1991 led to a formal reestablishment of relations by the Polish and Lithuanian states. Poland was highly supportive of the Lithuanian independence, and became one of the first countries to recognize independent Lithuania.[195] Despite that, there was a relative crisis in the early 1990s,[196] due to Lithuanian mistreatment of Polish minority, and Lithuanian suspicious that Poland would want to put Lithuania under its sphere of influence.[195] After a few years, as the situation normalized, Polish-Lithuanian relations have been steadily improving over the past two decades, with both countries joining the NATO and European Union.
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1921-4-18[197] | See Luxembourg–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1991-8-27[198] | See Moldova–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1990[199] |
|
Шаблон:Flag | ||
Шаблон:Flag | See Netherlands–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | ||
Шаблон:Flag | See Norway–Poland relations
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 11 July 1974 | See Poland–Portugal relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-02-09 | See Poland–Romania relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Poland–Russia relations
Russia was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Prussia/Germany. The joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II. In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. During the Russo-Georgian War Poland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the war was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics. Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved, despite the Smolensk air disaster where the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia the relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions against Ukraine.
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1919 | See Poland–Serbia relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1993 | See Poland–Slovakia relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1992-4-10[204] |
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-5-19[205] | See Poland–Spain relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-6-3[205] | See Poland–Sweden relations
Poland and Sweden formed the Polish–Swedish union in the late 16th century.
|
Шаблон:Flag |
| |
Шаблон:Flag | 1992-1-4[206] | See Poland–Ukraine relations
Both countries share a border of about Шаблон:Convert.[166] Poland's acceptance of the Schengen Agreement created problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009 an agreement on local border traffic between the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure.[207] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1919-2-25[208] | See Poland–United Kingdom relations
During the Cold War Poland retained a largely negative view of Britain as a sluggish ally of Poland during World War II, later acceptance of neglecting Poland in the international arena and placing it in communist influences. In communist times the UK was a part of the NATO block, so consequently it was considered by the communists as natural enemy of the communist bloc. British efforts meanwhile were focussed at trying to break Poland off from the Warsaw Pact and encouraging reforms in the country. In the 1990s and 2000s democratic Poland has maintained close relations with Britain; both in defence matters and within the EU; Britain being one of only a few countries allowing equal rights to Polish workers upon their accession in 2004.[209] |
Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | February 1972 | See Australia–Poland relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 12 February 2019 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2019.[214]
|
Шаблон:Flag | 1 March 1973 | See New Zealand–Poland relations
|
Шаблон:Flag | See Papua New Guinea–Poland relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | 6 March 2012 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 2012.[218]
|
See also
- List of diplomatic missions in Poland
- List of diplomatic missions of Poland
- Polish involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:CIA World Factbook
Further reading
- Biskupski, M. B. The History of Poland. Greenwood, 2000. 264 pp. online edition Шаблон:Webarchive
- The Cambridge History of Poland, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941 (1697–1935), 1950 (to 1696). New York: Octagon Books, 1971 online edition vol 1 to 1696 Шаблон:Webarchive, old fashioned but highly detailed
- Davies, Norman. God's Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 / Шаблон:ISBN.
- Davies, Norman. Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford University Press, 1984. 511 pp. excerpt and text search
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Frucht, Richard. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism Garland Pub., 2000 online edition Шаблон:Webarchive
- Gerson Louis L. Woodrow Wilson and the Rebirth of Poland 1914-1920 (1972)
- Hetherington, Peter. Unvanquished: Joseph Pilsudski, Resurrected Poland, and the Struggle for Eastern Europe (2012) 752pp excerpt and text search
- Kenney, Padraic. "After the Blank Spots Are Filled: Recent Perspectives on Modern Poland," Journal of Modern History (2007) 79#1 pp 134–61, in JSTOR historiography
- Klatt, Malgorzata. "Poland and its Eastern neighbours: Foreign policy principles." Journal of Contemporary European Research 7.1 (2011): 61-76. online
- Korbel, Josef. Poland Between East and West: Soviet and German Diplomacy toward Poland, 1919–1933 (Princeton University Press, 1963)
- Kuźniar, R. ed. Poland's Security Policy 1989-2000 (Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House, 2001).
- Lerski, George J. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood, 1996. 750 pp. online
- Leslie, R. F. et al. The History of Poland since 1863. Cambridge U. Press, 1980. 494 pp. excerptШаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cbignore
- Lukowski, Jerzy and Zawadzki, Hubert. A Concise History of Poland. (2nd ed. Cambridge U. Press, 2006). 408pp. excerpts and search
- Magocsi, Paul Robert t al. A History of East Central Europe (1974).
- Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
- Prazmowska, Anita J. A History of Poland (2004\)
- Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
- Snyder, Timothy. The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 (2003).
- Wróbel, Piotr. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945-1996. Greenwood, 1998. 397 pp.
- Zięba, Ryszard. Poland's Foreign and Security Policy Springer, 2020) online
Шаблон:Poland topics Шаблон:Years in Poland
Шаблон:Polish foreign relations Шаблон:Poland topics Шаблон:Foreign relations of Europe
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