Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of the Philippines
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Use Philippine EnglishШаблон:Politics of the Philippines
The foreign relations of the Philippines are administered by the President of the Philippines and the Department of Foreign Affairs. Philippine international affairs are influenced by ties to its Southeast Asian neighbors, China, the United States, and the Middle East.
The Philippines is a founding member of the United Nations;[1] an elected member of the Security Council[2] and participant in the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Labour Organization (ILO), UNESCO, and the World Health Organization (WHO). Like most nations, the Philippines is a signatory of Interpol. The Philippines is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, East Asia Summit and Association of Caribbean States (as an observer). It was formerly a member of the now-defunct Latin Union and the SEATO. Declaring itself as independent of any major power block of nations, the Philippines is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Economically, the Philippines is a participant in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asian Development Bank, the Colombo Plan, Group of 24, G-20, G-77, the World Bank, Next Eleven and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
| Country | Much trust | Undecided | Little trust | M-L |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 60 | 19 | 18 | +42 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 49 | 25 | 22 | +27 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 22 | 18 | 58 | -36 |
Foreign policy
Philippine foreign policy is based on the advancement of Filipino ideals and values, which include the advancement of democracy and advocacy for human rights worldwide.
The Philippines actively engages with regional neighbors in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (as a founding member) with the intention of strengthening regional harmony, stability, and prosperity. It has been a supporter of East Timor since the latter's independence and has expanded trade links with its traditional allies Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Relations with Vietnam and Cambodia have thawed in the 1990s after their entry into the ASEAN.
The Republic of the Philippines considers itself a staunch ally of the United States and has supported many points of American foreign policy. This is evident in the Philippines' participation in the Iraq War and the War on Terror. Speaking to this support, U.S. President George W. Bush praised the Philippines as a bastion of democracy in the East and called the Philippines America's oldest ally in Asia. President Bush's speech on October 18, 2003, was only the second U.S. presidential address to the Philippine Congress; U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered the first.
With a robust relationship to the United States, the administration of former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo sought to establish closer ties to its earlier colonizer, Spain. This was inspired by the attendance of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía at the June 12, 1998 celebration honoring the centennial of the Philippines' independence from Spain. President Macapagal-Arroyo made two official visits to Spain during her presidency.
In recent years, the Philippines attaches great importance in its relations with China, and has established significant cooperation with the country.[4][5][6][7][8][9]
The Armed Forces of the Philippines has participated in various regional conflicts, including the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Recently, the Philippines sent peacekeeping forces to Iraq, in addition to civilian doctors, nurses and police. The Filipino mission was later recalled as collateral for the release of a Filipino hostage. As part of a UN peacekeeping operation, Philippine Army General Jaime de los Santos became the first commander of troops responsible for maintaining order in East Timor.
The Philippines is in tension with rival international claimants to various land and water territories in the South China Sea. The Philippines is currently in dispute with the People's Republic of China over the Camago and Malampaya gas fields. The two countries are also in dispute over the Scarborough Shoal. Additionally, the Philippines has a disputed claim over the Spratly Islands.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which the Philippines maintains diplomatic relations with:
Bilateral relations
Asia
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[133] |
President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has received the credentials of the incoming Filipino ambassador to Azerbaijan, Marilyn Jusayan Alarilla. During a meeting following the ceremony, the ambassador conveyed Filipino President Benigno Aquino III's greetings to the Azerbaijani leader. She noted the Philippines was interested in developing the cooperation with Azerbaijan in different areas, including energy, science and technologies. Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev said there was potential for developing Azerbaijan–Philippines relations in many spheres, particularly the economic one. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[174] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[175] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | N/A |
The Philippines has yet to establish diplomatic relations with Bhutan. However, numerous senators and high-profile dignitaries from the Philippines have visited Bhutan and have expressed their intentions to spread the Gross National Happiness doctrine in the Philippines, seeing it as an effective and efficient way to enhance nation-building, environmental conservation, cultural propagation, and human rights. In September 2014, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank headquarters in Manila.[176] In 2014, officials of the Royal Government of Bhutan visited the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Center of the Philippines to gain insights about the country's PPP Program.[177] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main
In April 2009, The Philippines and Brunei signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that sought to strengthen their bilateral cooperation in the fields of agricultural trade, innovation, and investments.[178] The MOU further strengthening bilateral cooperation between the two Southeast Asian countries, particularly in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.[179] The two countries have agreed to cooperate in plant science, crops technology, vegetable and fruit preservation, biotechnology, post-harvest technology, livestock, organic agriculture, irrigation and water resources and halal industry.[180] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[181] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[182] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[183] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[184] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[185] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[186] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[187] | Шаблон:Main
The Philippines voted in favor of UN Resolution 181 concerning the partition of Palestine and the Creation of the State of Israel in 1947. The Philippines was among the 33 countries who supported the creation of Israel and the only Asian country which voted for the resolution.[188] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[189] |
The Philippines and Jordan agreed to establish formal diplomatic relations and to exchange ambassadors on March 1, 1976.[189] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[133] |
Diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and the Philippines were formally established on March 19, 1992. The Philippines maintains relations with Kazakhstan through its embassy in Russia. Kazakhstan has an honorary consulate in Manila.[190][191] Trade between Kazakhstan and the Philippines amounted to 7.3 million U.S. dollars during the period from January to November 2010. In 2009, about 1,500 Kazakh tourists visited the Philippines. As of 2009, there are about 7,000 Overseas Filipino Workers who are working in Western Kazakhstan, mostly in the oil and gas sector. Kazakhstan is seeking Filipino investment in its economy.[192] On 2011, Kazakhstan was planning to put up a Kazakh house in the Philippines in either Bonifacio Global City or Makati to showcase Kazakh products and promote its tourist destinations. There were also plans to put up a Philippine House in Kazakhstan for the same purpose and to put Filipino art exhibits in Kazakhstan.[193] Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, and his 27 delegates arrived in the Philippines for a three-day state visit on November 10, 2003, at Villamor Air Base in Pasay. The Kazakh officials met with their Filipino counterparts and conducted meetings. Former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo met with Nazarbayev to finalize the Philippines' intent to import oil and coal from Kazakhstan and discussed possible infrastructure projects in the Central Asian country.[190] The Philippines also supported Kazakhstan's bid to become a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum on security.[192] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[194] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[195] | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[196] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts |
The Philippines and Nepal established diplomatic relations on February 12, 1960. Both countries are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. There are about 300 Filipinos living in Nepal, mainly missionaries, professionals, skilled workers, volunteers, or spouses of Nepalese or other nationals as of March 2011. Approximately 500 Nepalese students are studying in the Philippines for their higher-level education.[197] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[198] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[199] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1989 | Шаблон:Main
The Philippines was among the 138 countries that voted in favor of the United Nations resolution recognizing Palestine as a non-member state.[200] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[201] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main
The Philippines was the fifth state to recognize the Republic of Korea and the first ASEAN country to establish relations with South Korea.[202][203] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[204][205] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[206] | The Republic of the Philippines formally established diplomatic relations with the Syrian Arab Republic on September 4, 1946. The Philippines has an embassy in Damascus. Syria has an consulate in Manila. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[207] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | N/A (Formal relations rescinded in 1975) |
Шаблон:Main
The Philippines recognizes the One-China policy but has informal relations with the Republic of China (ROC, also known as Taiwan) through the Manila Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Manila. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[133] | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[208] | See Philippines–Turkey relations
|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[133] |
The first round of political consultations between the Philippines and Uzbekistan was held in Tashkent on March 3, 2011. Uzbekistan expressed its support for the Philippines' bid to gain observer status in the OIC and its hopes for the resolution of the Muslim insurgency mainly affecting the southern part of the Philippines. The Philippines highlighted untapped potential, despite remote geographical position, for developing trade and economic cooperation, especially between Filipino and Uzbek financial institutions.[210] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[211] |
In 2011, there were about 1,600 Filipinos working in Yemen with about a thousand in the capital of Sana'a. The majority worked in the health and petroleum industries. Yemen supports the Philippines' bid for observer status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and a peaceful resolution to the Islamic insurgency in the Philippines.[212] |
Africa
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[213] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1968 |
Equatorial Guinea supported the Philippines's bid for a non-permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council.[214] Both the Philippines and Equatorial Guinea were former Spanish colonies. There are about 4,000 Filipino workers in Equatorial Guinea. There has been cordial ties especially in the fields of trade and investments, agriculture, education, cultural and technical cooperation. The Philippines is interested in partnering with Equatorial Guinean entities to conduct oil exploration and the possibility of importing oil from Equatorial Guinea. The Philippines is also interested in developing infrastructure for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery. He likewise expressed Philippine interest in developing facilities for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery.[215] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts |
The Philippines and Ethiopia signed their first air agreement in 2014.[216] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[217] |
The Republic of Ghana has opened its consulate in the Philippines to extend and render assistance to Ghanaians and help maintain relations between the two countries.[218] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[219] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[220] |
There were some 100 Filipinos in Côte d'Ivoire, mostly professional and skilled workers and some permanent residents, and the Philippine government had repatriated 10 Filipinos after tensions in the country started following the second round of the 2010 presidential elections.[221] |
| Шаблон:Flag | May 20, 1975[222] | Kenya–Philippines relations Kenya is represented to the Philippines from its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia. On the other hand, the Philippines maintains an embassy in Nairobi. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[211] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[223] | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts |
Sierra Leone and the Philippines have pledged to strengthen bilateral relations to the mutual benefit of both countries. The two countries vow to work further to expand their relations in the socio-economic, political and cultural fields.[224] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[225] | Шаблон:Main
The Philippines officially recognized South Sudan as a sovereign and independent state soon after South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011.[225] |
Americas
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[226] |
Bolivia and Philippines were both Spanish colonies, diplomatic relations between the two countries began in 1970. The Philippine Embassy in Buenos Aires exercised jurisdiction over Bolivia. Furthermore, the Embassy of Bolivia in Tokyo has jurisdiction over the Philippines, while the Philippine Embassy in Santiago, Chile, has jurisdiction over Bolivia. It also has two honorary consulates in Bolivia in the cities of La Paz and Santa Cruz de la Sierra. There are about 15 Filipinos in Bolivia most of them are religious missionaries and others are married with Bolivians.[227] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts |
Barbados established formal relations with the Philippines with the signing of a Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations in New York on June 22, 2009. The establishment of relations was proposed by Barbados the year before through the Philippines' embassy in Caracas in Venezuela.[228] With the closure of the Philippine Embassy in Caracas in 2012, jurisdiction was transferred to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 19, 1993.[229] |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[230] | Colombia-Philippines relations remain strong, Colombians were among the Latin Americans who supported the revolt of Andres Novales, Emperor of the Philippines, against Spain. The first Miss International, Stella Marquez of Colombia, also married Jorge Araneta a Filipino of partial Mexican descent. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[231] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[211] | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
Europe
Oceania
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag[240] | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main |
Relations with former states
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Main
The Philippines recognized South Vietnam in July 1955. The Philippines sent troops to aid them in the Vietnam War.[241][242] The Philippine embassy in Saigon ceased operations on April 29, 1975 | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[211] | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[211] | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Main |
Multilateral relations
| Organizations | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag |
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on August 8, 1967, in Bangkok, with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration together with Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. The Philippines was one of the Founding nations. | |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main
The European Union and the Philippines shares diplomatic, economic, cultural and political relations. The European Union has provided €3 million to the Philippines to fight poverty and €6 million for counter-terrorism against terrorist groups in the Southern Philippines. The European Union is also the third largest trading partner of the Philippines. There are at least 31,961 Europeans (not including Spaniards) living in the Philippines. |
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Main
When the Philippines joined signing the United Nations Charter in San Francisco, United States. This partnership has progressed since then into a number of development initiatives, activities and programs. Technical, financial and other forms of assistance to the Philippines began in the late 1940, as the country recovered from the ravages of World War II. The partnership between the United Nations and the Philippines began in 1945. |
Issues
See also
- Territories claimed by the Philippines
- List of diplomatic missions in the Philippines
- List of diplomatic missions of the Philippines
- List of diplomatic visits to the Philippines
- List of ambassadors to the Philippines
References
External links
- Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of the Philippines Шаблон:Webarchive
- Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the United Nations
- The Philippines: Middle East Diplomacy and Marcos' Saudi Visit (CIA Intelligence Memorandum)
Шаблон:Foreign relations of the Philippines Шаблон:Philippines topics Шаблон:Foreign relations of Asia
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- ↑ 117,00 117,01 117,02 117,03 117,04 117,05 117,06 117,07 117,08 117,09 117,10 117,11 117,12 117,13 117,14 117,15 117,16 117,17 117,18 117,19 117,20 117,21 117,22 117,23 117,24 117,25 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 208,0 208,1 208,2 208,3 208,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 211,0 211,1 211,2 211,3 211,4 211,5 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 225,0 225,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 233,0 233,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
