Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM) is a sovereign entity maintaining diplomatic relations with 113 sovereign states (including the Holy See).[1] Additionally, it has observer status or representation at multiple intergovernmental organisations.[2] The Order has non-diplomatic official relations with five more states: France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Canada.[1] The Order exchanges ambassadors with the European Union and the State of Palestine.[1][2]
Some states recognize SMOM as a sovereign state, rather than a sovereign subject of international law. For example, the Republic of San Marino in 1935 recognized SMOM as a sovereign state in its own right.[3][4][5] As Italy recognizes, in addition to extraterritoriality, the exercise by SMOM of all the prerogatives of sovereignty in its headquarters, Italian sovereignty and SMOM sovereignty uniquely coexist without overlapping.[6]
Шаблон:As of, nine Schengen states did not recognize the diplomatic passports of the Order: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Greece, France, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, and Switzerland.[7]
Bilateral relations
Diplomatic relations
Other countries
| # | Name | Diplomatic relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:DTS[17] | On 10 February 2012, President Rafael Correa issued a decree to withdraw recognition and initiate the process of canceling relations,[77] starting from May.[1] Later on, the relations were restored by President Lenín Moreno on 24 September 2019.[78] |
| – | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Ambassador level relations.[2] |
| 2 | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:DTS[19] | The Supreme Court of Cassation decreed on 6 June 1974 that, "the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Malta constitutes a sovereign international subject, in all terms equal, even if without territory, to a foreign state with which Italy has normal diplomatic relations, so there is no doubt, as already this Supreme Court has warned, that it has the legal treatment of foreign states".[79] As Italy recognizes, in addition to extraterritoriality, the exercise by SMOM of all the prerogatives of sovereignty in its headquarters, Italian sovereignty and SMOM sovereignty uniquely coexist without overlapping.[6] |
| – | Шаблон:Flag | Ambassador level relations.[1] |
Official relations
| Name | Official relations established | Region | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts | Europe | France does not recognise the SMOM as a subject of international law.[80] |
Unofficial relations
The Order of Malta has unofficial relations with Taiwan through the Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See in Rome (Italy).[81]
Countries without established relations
Countries with which the Order currently has no established relations:
- Europe: Andorra, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Netherlands (recognises as a knightly order),[82] Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom
- Africa: Algeria, Botswana, Burundi, Djibouti, Eswatini, Ghana, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
- Asia: Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Indonesia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia (accepts its stamps),[83] Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, People's Republic of China, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
- Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
- The Americas: Barbados, Dominica, Jamaica, Mexico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America
Intergovernmental organizations
The Order of Malta has observer status at the following organizations:[2]
The Order of Malta has delegations or representations to the following organizations:[2]
See also
- List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- List of diplomatic missions to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- List of permanent observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations
- Accreditations and diplomatic relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
References
Шаблон:Foreign relations of Europe Шаблон:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Cox, Noel S.B., The Continuing Question of Sovereignty and the Sovereign Military Order of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (June 2008). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1140462 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1140462
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 19,0 19,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 23,00 23,01 23,02 23,03 23,04 23,05 23,06 23,07 23,08 23,09 23,10 23,11 23,12 23,13 23,14 23,15 23,16 23,17 23,18 23,19 23,20 23,21 23,22 23,23 23,24 23,25 23,26 23,27 23,28 23,29 23,30 23,31 23,32 23,33 23,34 Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ 50,0 50,1 50,2 Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ Primul Ambasador al Republicii Moldova pe lângă Ordinul Suveran Militar de Malta – decorat cu o înaltă distincție (foto) Шаблон:In lang.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 66,0 66,1 66,2 66,3 66,4 66,5 66,6 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ The 10 October 2017 decree of the Chancellor of the Dutch Orders lists the SMOM as one of three "Recognised (knightly) orders" (Erkende (ridderlijke) orden) and authorises it members to wear their decorations in the Netherlands.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
