Английская Википедия:Format (command)
Шаблон:Lowercase title
Шаблон:Infobox software
In computing, format, a command-line utility that carries out disk formatting. It is a component of various operating systems, including 86-DOS, MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS and OS/2, Microsoft Windows and ReactOS.
Overview
The command performs the following actions by default on a floppy disk, hard disk drive, solid state (USB), or other magnetic medium (it will not perform these actions on optical media):
- clearing the FAT entries by changing them to Шаблон:Mono
- clearing the FAT root directory by changing any values found to Шаблон:Mono[nb 1][1][2][3]
- checking each cluster to see if it is good or bad and marking it as good or bad in the FAT
Any storage device must have its medium structured to be useful. This process is referred toШаблон:By whom as "creating a filesystem" in Unix, Linux, or BSD.[4] Under these systems different commands are used. The commands can create many kinds of file systems, including those used by DOS, Windows, and OS/2.
Implementations
FORMAT.COM, among several other commands, in IBM PC DOS 1.0.FORMAT.CMD in CP/M-86The command is also available in Intel ISIS-II,[5] iRMX 86,[6] MetaComCo TRIPOS,[7] AmigaDOS,[8] Zilog Z80-RIO,[9] Microware OS-9,[10] DR FlexOS,[11] TSL PC-MOS,[12] SpartaDOS X,[13] Datalight ROM-DOS,[14] IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS,[15] PTS-DOS,[16] SISNE plus,[17] and in the DEC RT-11[18] operating system.
Microsoft DOS and Windows
On MS-DOS, the command is available in versions 1 and later.[19]
Optionally (by adding the /S, for "system" switch), format can also install a Volume Boot Record. With this option, Format writes bootstrap code to the first sector of the volume (and possibly elsewhere as well). Format always writes a BIOS Parameter Block to the first sector, with or without the /S option.
Another option (/Q) allows for what Microsoft calls "Quick Format". With this option the command will not perform steps 2 and 3 above.Шаблон:Citation needed Format /Q does not alter data previously written to the media.
Typing "format" with no parameters in MS-DOS 3.2 or earlier would automatically, without prompting the user, format the current drive; however in MS-DOS 3.3 and later it would simply produce the error: "required parameter missing".Шаблон:Citation needed
DR/Novell DOS
DR DOS 6.0 includes an implementation of the Шаблон:Code command.[20]
FreeDOS
The FreeDOS version was developed by Brian E. Reifsnyder and is licensed under the GPL.[21]
ReactOS
The ReactOS implementation is based on a free clone developed by Mark Russinovich for Sysinternals in 1998. It is licensed under the GPL.[22] It was adapted to ReactOS by Emanuele Aliberti in 1999 and supports FAT, FAT32, FATX, EXT2, and BtrFS filesystems.
See also
- Disk formatting
- Data recovery
- convert
- File Allocation Table
- Design of the FAT file system
- fdisk
- PC DOS 7.10 Format32
Notes
- ↑ The directory entries get filled with
0x00since MS-DOS 1.25 and PC DOS 2.0. If the Format command line option /O is provided, the first byte of each directory entry is set to0xE5hto create a FAT format usable by PC DOS 1.0-1.1. However, not providing /O will significantly speed up directory searches under MS-DOS 1.25 and PC DOS 2.0 and higher. Older versions of MS-DOS, PC DOS, and 86-DOS only supported the0xE5marker.
References
Further reading
External links
- Microsoft Windows XP Professional Product Documentation: "format"
- Open source FORMAT implementation that comes with MS-DOS v2.0
- MSKB255867: How to Use the Fdisk Tool and the Format Tool to Partition or Repartition a Hard Disk
- Microsoft DOS format command
- Recovery Console format command
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web (NB. While the publishers claim this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is SCP MS-DOS 1.25 and a mixture of Altos MS-DOS 2.11 and TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11.)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web (NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is SCP MS-DOS 1.25 and a mixture of Altos MS-DOS 2.11 and TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11.)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web (NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is SCP MS-DOS 1.25 and a mixture of Altos MS-DOS 2.11 and TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11.)
- ↑ Шаблон:Man
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://www.pagetable.com/docs/amigados_tripos/tripos_manuals.pdf Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:Bare URL PDF
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
