Английская Википедия:Forrest classification

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Forrest classification is a classification of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage used for purposes of comparison and in selecting patients for endoscopic treatment.[1]

Forrest classification

Файл:DU 2.jpg
Endoscopy image of a duodenal ulcer in the posterior part of the duodenal bulb without stigmata of recent hemorrhage. This would be a Forrest III lesion

Acute hemorrhage

  • Forrest I a (Spurting hemorrhage)
  • Forrest I b (Oozing hemorrhage)

Signs of recent hemorrhage

  • Forrest II a (Non bleeding Visible vessel)
  • Forrest II b (Adherent clot)
  • Forrest II c (Flat pigmented haematin (coffee ground base) on ulcer base)

Lesions without active bleeding

  • Forrest III (Lesions without signs of recent hemorrhage or fibrin-covered clean ulcer base)[2]

Application

Forrest's classification is instrumental when stratifying patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage into high and low risk categories for mortality. It is also a significant method of prediction of the risk of rebleeding and very often is used for evaluation of the endoscopic intervention modalities.[3] A prospective controlled study revealed that "Forrest criteria are essential for proper planning of endoscopic therapy and urgent surgery in bleeding peptic ulcers".[4]

History

The classification was first published by J.A. Forrest, et al. in the Lancet in 1974.[5]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links