Английская Википедия:Fort Frederick (Saint John, New Brunswick)

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Файл:FortFrederickStJohnRiver,NewBrunswick.png
Fort Frederick St John River, New Brunswick
Файл:Fort Frederick, St. John, New Brunswick.png
Fort Frederick, Saint John, New Brunswick
Файл:A North View of Fort Frederick built by order of Hon. Col. Robert Monckton on the entrance of the St. John River in the Bay of Fundy, 1758 by Lt Thomas Davies National Gallery of Canada (no 6269).jpg
St. John River Campaign: The Construction of Fort Frederick (1758) by Thomas Davies
Файл:OldFortsMonumentStJohnNewBrunswick.jpg
Monument to Fort Frederick and other forts on the same site, Saint John, New Brunswick

Fort Frederick (1758—1777, earlier Fort Menagoueche, superseded by Fort Howe in 1777) was a British fort at what is now Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. It was built during the St. John River Campaign of the French and Indian War. It was one of three significant forts which the British built on the major rivers in the Northeast to cut off the natives' water way to the ocean to prevent attacks on the British settlers (see also Fort Halifax and Fort Pownall).[1]

On September 13, 1758, Robert Monckton and a strong force of regulars and rangers (Gorham's Rangers, Danks' Rangers and Rogers' Rangers) left Halifax, and arrived at the mouth of the St. John River a week later. He established a new base of operations by reconstructing Fort Menagoueche, which had been destroyed in 1755, and which he renamed Fort Frederick.[2] Establishing Fort Frederick allowed the British to virtually cut off the communications and supplies to the villages on the St. John River.Шаблон:Sfnp (Fort Frederick (Maine) was decommissioned the following year.)

During the American Revolution, American Privateers pillaged and burned Fort Frederick in the Raid on St. John (1775). After the St. John River expedition, under the command of Gilfred Studholme, the fort was replaced with Fort Howe to the north across the St. John River in 1777.

Commanders

  • Major Roger Morris
  • Lt Col Arbuthnot
  • Lt Tong
  • Ensign Jeremiah Mears

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Primary sources
Secondary sources
  • Campbell, Gary. The Road to Canada: The Grand Communications Route from Saint John to Quebec. Goose Lane Editions and the New Brunswick Military Heritage Project. 2005
  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Macfarlane, W. G. Fredericton History; Two Centuries of Romance, War, Privation and Struggle, 1981
  • Maxwell, L.M.B. An Outline of the History of Central New Brunswick to the Time of Confederation, 1937. (Republish in 1984 by the York-Sunbury Historical Society.)
  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Thériault, Fidèle. Le village acadien de la Pointe-Sainte-Anne (Fredericton),
  • George MacBeath, "GODIN, Bellefontaine, Beauséjour, JOSEPH," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 4, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–,
  • AD, Calvados (Caen), C 1020, mémoire de Joseph Bellefontaine, dit Beauséjour, 15 janv. 1774
  • Placide Gaudet, "Acadian genealogy and notes," PAC Report, 1905, II, pt.Template:Iii, 140, 241. N.S. Archives, III
  • Joseph Rôbinau de Villebon, Acadia at the end of the seventeenth century; letters, journals and memoirs of Joseph Robineau de Villebon...J. C. Webster, édit. (Saint-Jean, N.-B., 1934), 99, 149, 154.— L.

Шаблон:Coord

  1. Шаблон:Cite web
  2. Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. Saint John Fortifications. 2003. p. 31; Шаблон:Harvp; F. Thériault, p. 11