Английская Википедия:Fort King

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Шаблон:Infobox NRHP Fort King (also known as Camp King or Cantonment King) was a United States military fort in north central Florida, near what later developed as the city of Ocala. It was named after Colonel William King, commander of Florida's Fourth Infantry and the first governor of the provisional West Florida region.

The fort was built in 1827 during United States tensions with the Seminole in Florida, a tribe of mostly Creek people who formed in the early nineteenth century. Originally established to serve as a buffer between new settlers and the Seminole, the fort became an important base in the 1830s for the United States Army during removal of the Seminole and the Seminole Wars. It later served as a courthouse in 1844 after the organization of Marion County, but was eventually abandoned altogether. Residents took it apart to salvage building materials. The site of the fort is preserved as a National Historic Landmark near the corner of East Fort King Street and 39th Avenue in Ocala. In late 2017, the fort was newly reconstructed to be as historically accurate as possible.

Archeological investigation has revealed the site was occupied during two lengthy periods by varying cultures of indigenous peoples, beginning as early as 6500 BC, more than 8,000 years ago.

History

Prehistory

Archaeological investigations have revealed that the area was inhabited long before the arrival of the Spanish in the area. At least two periods of occupation have been identified: between 6500 and 2000 B.C., and 200 to 1500 A.D.

The fort

Fort King was constructed by the United States Army in 1827 to serve as a buffer between the Seminole (who occupied territory to the south according to the Moultrie Creek Treaty reservation area) and European Americans settling north of this point. It was located at the nexus of a system of military roads. From the fort, Fort King Road led to Fort Brooks (near Orange Springs); Fort McCoy; a ford at the St. Johns River which would become the town of Astor; Palatka, Jacksonville, and Fort Brooke (on Tampa Bay), among others. The fort fell into disuse after 1829.

In 1832, the fort was activated as a base for the United States removal of the Seminole to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, as part of the Treaty of Payne's Landing. The Second Seminole War, beginning in late 1835 in central Florida, heightened the importance of the fort. It was a center of United States military activity during the next seven years, due to its strategic location. The Seminole burned down the original Fort King in 1835, a second Fort King was reconstructed in the same spot in 1836 (this is the replica that is now built on site). On December 23, 1835, Major Francis L. Dade departed from Fort Brooke (present-day Tampa), to reinforce and resupply the garrison at Fort King. Along the way, the column was ambushed in what is now known as the Dade battle.

After the organization of Marion County, the fort was used in 1844 as its first courthouse. Eventually, the building was abandoned. Early residents thoroughly took apart the fort to salvage building materials.

20th century to today

Файл:Fort King marker Ocala02.jpg

Historical marker for fort's cemetery

Файл:Fort King marker Ocala03.jpg

Closer view of plaque

In October 1927, the founding members of the Ocala Chapter National Society Daughters of the American Revolution purchased the fort's memorial property, vowing to promote and protect its history for future generations. They raised the funds to erect a granite monument on the property to honor the men who bravely served our state and country here. On August 26, 2017, the Ocala Chapter National Society Daughters of the American Revolution continued the tradition by hosting a remembrance and dedication ceremony at the Fort King property and a granite bench was dedicated.

The 1953 movie Seminole is set around Fort King, although the events portrayed are historically inaccurate. In 2013 the Fort King Heritage Association was formed to develop, promote and protect the site. In the fall of 2017 a replica of the fort was reconstructed on the original site; the site is 37 acres of undeveloped, vacant land in the middle of a residential area. The site is owned by the City of Ocala and Marion County. Three historical markers commemorate the site: a Memorial Marker near the Fort Site, a National Historic Landmark near the former location of the fort (it was designated in February 2004), and a marker at the old Fort Cemetery Site. In December 2022, the Festival of Fort King, which includes living history events, returned to the park.

External links

• About Marion County at Marion County Board of County Commissioners
• Ocala, at Ocala, Marion County Chamber of Commerce
• Ocala Star Banner, official website
  • "Archaeologists digging up Fort King's past", Ocala Star Banner, 1 January 2003
  • "Fort King built to keep Whites and Seminoles from fighting" Шаблон:Webarchive, Ocala Star Banner, 1 January 2003
  • "Marion County History's Silent Sentinel - Fort King", Ocala Star Banner, 1 January 2003
  • "70 Years later, Fort King Marker rededicated", Ocala Star Banner, 1 January 2003
  • "Florida's 'Crossroads' ", Ocala Star Banner, 1 January 2003
  • "Fort King site selected for national protection", Ocala Star Banner, 1 January 2003
• Marion County, Part 2 - Fort King and Fort Drane at The Florida Seminole War 1792-1859
• Florida Forts at American Forts Network
• http://www.ocala.com/news/20171128/fort-king-reconstructed
• Florida Seminole Wars Heritage Trail.