Английская Википедия:Fort Owen State Park
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox protected area Fort Owen State Park is a historic preservation area owned by the state of Montana in the United States, located on the northern outskirts of the town of Stevensville, Montana. The park is named for Fort Owen, a mission and later trading post established in 1841 and named for trader John Owen. The park is Шаблон:Convert in size,[1] Шаблон:Convert in elevation,Шаблон:Sfn and is owned and managed by the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Fort Owen is known as the "cradle of Montana civilization".
History of Fort Owen
Original St. Mary's Mission
On 24 September 1841, Father Pierre-Jean De Smet entered the Bitterroot Valley of what is now western Montana accompanied by Fathers Nicholas Point and Gregory Mengarini and lay brothers William Claessens, Charles Huet, and Joseph Specht.Шаблон:Sfn By fall they erected a small Catholic chapel, St. Mary's Mission, at the site of Fort Owen State Park, which DeSmet used as the base for his missionary work among the Bitterroot Salish tribe of Native Americans.Шаблон:Sfn It was the first permanent white settlement in Montana,Шаблон:Sfn the first Christian church in Montana,Шаблон:Sfn and the first Catholic church in Montana.Шаблон:Sfn The wagons and oxen Father DeSmet brought with him were the first ever to enter Montana.Шаблон:Sfn By winter, several houses, a trading post, and shops were also constructed.Шаблон:Sfn In the spring of 1842, Father DeSmet planted the first oats, potatoes, wheat, and domesticated garden plants,Шаблон:Sfn and engaged in which is considered by historians to be the first farming in Montana.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In the summer of 1842, cows were brought to St. Mary's Mission from Fort Colvile in the unclaimed territory that would later become Washington state. These were first domesticated cattle ever in Montana.Шаблон:Sfn Father Antonio Ravalli joined the mission in 1842.Шаблон:Sfn By the end of that year, the priests had erected the first sawmill, first grist mill, and the first school in Montana as well.Шаблон:Sfn
For these reasons, St. Mary's and Fort Owen is known as the "cradle of Montana civilization".Шаблон:Sfn
Fort Owen
By 1850, Blackfeet raids led to the closure of the original St. Mary's mission.Шаблон:Sfn (Another church, also called St. Mary's Mission, was constructed in 1866 about Шаблон:Convert to the south. This structure still stands, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.)Шаблон:Sfn John Owen, a civilian sutler at Fort Hall in what is now southeastern Idaho, moved to the Bitterroot Valley and purchased the site of St. Mary's Mission for $250 ($Шаблон:Inflation in Шаблон:Inflation-year dollars).Шаблон:Sfn This was the first recorded land transaction in Montana.Шаблон:Sfn
Owen renamed the site Fort Owen after himself.[1] Owen and his wife Nancy, a full-blood Shoshone, managed the fort themselves and turned it into a highly popular trading post and rest stop for fur trappers, traders, missionaries, and explorers.Шаблон:Sfn The priests left instructions for Owen to burn the chapel if they did not return within two years, and Owen did so. The shifting of the river's course has obscured the site, and the exact site of the original mission has not been identified.Шаблон:Sfn Owen discovered gold in the Bitterroot Valley in 1852, which led to a rush of settlement in the area.Шаблон:Sfn Owen was appointed an Indian agent for the United States federal government in 1856, serving until 1862, when he resigned over the issue of whites supplying alcohol to the Salish and over the government's failure to keep it its promises to the tribe.Шаблон:Sfn For a time, Fort Owen even served as the chief Indian agency for the area.Шаблон:Sfn In 1860, Owen significantly upgraded the fort by replacing its wood stockade with adobe brick walls.Шаблон:Sfn
Nancy Owen died in 1868, and John Owen's mental health deteriorated afterward.Шаблон:Sfn Fort Owen began to deteriorate as hostility from the Piegan BlackfeetШаблон:Sfn and Owen's own mental health issues led far fewer people to visit the facility. When the Mullan Road opened in May 1864, it bypassed Fort Owen in favor or Hell Gate, Montana, in the Missoula Valley to the north, and Fort Owen's financial difficulties worsened.[1]Шаблон:Sfn
Fort Owen was sold at a sheriff's auction in 1872 to Washington J. McCormick, to whom Owen owed money. McCormick continued to operate the saw and grist mills at the site.Шаблон:Sfn In 1889, he was working to repair the roof of the fort when a powerful wind gust ripped the roof from the structure and flung McCormick to the ground, where he died.[1]
After McCormick's death, Fort Owen was owned by a succession of local farmers and ranchers. Eventually, the decrepit fort was donated the Stevensville Historical Society.[1] The historical society donated what little remained of the fort to the state of Montana in 1937.Шаблон:Sfn
State park
Fort Owen is located on the Stevensville Cutoff Road, south of Missoula, Montana, on U.S. Route 93.[1]
Little is left of Fort Owen. The only original structure still standing is the East Barracks.[1]Шаблон:Sfn The back wall, a portion of the side walls, and the interior walls are original adobe brick manufactured and erected by Father DeSmet and his associates in 1841 and 1842.[1]
Archeological investigations by the University of Montana from 1957 to 1980 uncovered the fort's foundations, which are visible to visitors.Шаблон:Sfn Visitors can also see a reconstructions of an 1850s cabin, a root cellar, and a well house.[1]
Fort Owen State Park is a Шаблон:Convert plot surrounded by private property and is open every day of the year. Volunteers from the Stevensville Historical Society occasionally staff the park to answer questions, but visitors mostly rely on interpretive signage to learn about the mission and the fort and their history.[1]
References
Bibliography
External links
- Fort Owen State Park Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks
- Fort Owen State Park Map Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks
Шаблон:Protected areas of Montana
- Страницы с нечисловыми аргументами formatnum
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Protected areas established in 1937
- State parks of Montana
- Protected areas of Ravalli County, Montana
- 1841 establishments in unorganized territory of the United States
- 1937 establishments in Montana
- Museums in Ravalli County, Montana
- Buildings and structures in Ravalli County, Montana
- American West museums
- 19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
- Religious buildings and structures completed in 1841
- Roman Catholic churches completed in 1841
- Roman Catholic churches in Montana
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
.jpg){kind=link}