Английская Википедия:Fort Quélern

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Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military installation The fort Quélern or réduit de Quélern is a castle and prison in the commune of Roscanvel in France.[1]

Construction

This fort was built between 1852 and 1854 on modified plans by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707).[2]

It is an enclosure in the form of a square fort, bastioned and surrounded by a dug ditch.[3]

The redoubt was built between 1852 and 1854 behind the Quélern lines, at the tightest point of the Roscanvel peninsula, in order to protect the peninsula's works from rear attacks.[4]

A fort project had already been issued by Vauban at the end of the 17th century, but it had not been built with the exception of the southern front integrated into the defensive system of the Quélern lines.

After the war of 1870, an underground powder magazine type 1874 was built there and since destroyed.[5]

Description

It is a strong rectangle 230 m long by 170 m wide, surrounded by a ditch 7 m wide on average dug into the rock.[6]

The scarp is semi-detached on the western, northern and eastern fronts and tied on the southern front.[7]

Prison

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also In 1871, Fort Quélern was divided into two parts, the northern part was a closed area for prisoners living in barracks originally intended for soldiers.[8]

In the center of these chambers were the administrative rooms, the accommodation of the director, the guards, while the southern part has been preserved for military use.

Several hundred Communards, including the geographer Élisée Reclus (1830 –1905) and the politician Jean Allemane (1843-1935), were condemned to serve their sentence in the Fort Quélern, from April 1871 to March 1875.[9]

Kabyle insurgents from the events of Mokrani Revolt in 18771 in Algeria were also imprisoned in this fort, including the marabout Cheikh Boumerdassi (1818-1874) and Шаблон:Illm (death 1906).[10]

Before the prison closed, 124 Algerian prisoners passed through Fort Quélern where 6 died there, including Mohamed ben Fialah.[11]

The latter rest in a cemetery not far away in the harbor of Brest among the Communards on the Île des Morts.[12][13]

Garrison

Even if it served as a prison, the Fort Quélern was above all intended to further strengthen the protection of the isthmus of the Roscanvel peninsula.[14]

Gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Réduit, année "1854" dit "Réduit de Quélern" (Roscanvel) - Inventaire Général du Patrimoine Culturel
  2. ↑ Réduit de Quélern (Roscanvel) - Inventaire Général du Patrimoine Culturel
  3. ↑ Dictionnaire géographique universel, contenant la description de tous les ... - Google Livres
  4. ↑ Roscanvel - Réseau des sites majeurs Vauban
  5. ↑ Bretania, le portail des cultures de Bretagne - Ermes 2.0
  6. ↑ Gertrude - Réduit, année "1854" dit "Réduit de Quélern" (Roscanvel) - illustration n° 17 : Legende(significatif=true, legende=Vue aérienne du réduit de Quélern en 1971, sujets...
  7. ↑ Roscanvel, fort de Quélern, caserne casematée, 1854. (Casernes à l'épreuve et casernes défensives, 1800-1870) - Inventaire Général du Patrimoine Culturel
  8. ↑ Le fort - réduit - de Quélern qui n'en finissait pas
  9. ↑ Oubliés de l'Histoire. Les Limousins de la Commune de Paris (1871): Préface ... - Stéphane Trayaud - Google Livres
  10. ↑ Chefs Kabyles internés au fort de Quélern en Roscanvel
  11. ↑ Les prisonniers du fort de Quélern, en Roscanvel
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Université du Temps Libre -conférence : L'histoire des détenus politiques kabyles du fort de Quelern de 1871 à et leur avenir
  14. ↑ Gertrude - Réduit, année "1854" dit "Réduit de Quélern" (Roscanvel) - illustration n° 9 : Legende(significatif=false, legende=Projet d'un fort proposé sur la presqu'île des Es...
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