Английская Википедия:Fort Wayne Moraine
The Fort Wayne Moraine is considered contemporary to the last stages of the Valparaiso Moraine. Centered on Fort Wayne, Indiana, the northern leg of the moraine is mostly overlaid by the younger Wabash Moraine angling northeastward through Williams County, Ohio. It only becomes identifiable in Lenawee County, Michigan south and northeast of Adrian before ending in the intermingling of moraines around Ann Arbor. The south and eastern leg of the moraine follows the northern bank of the St. Marys River into the State of Ohio. At the north bend of the St. Marys River, the moraine arcs northeastward through Lima, continuing in a northward arc to reach north of U.S. 30 in Hancock County to pass through Upper Sandusky, again bending to the north to end Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert to the northeast.[1]
Description
Beginning northeast of Upper Sandusky in Wyandot, looping along the southern county boundary, entering Hardin County along its northern border with Hancock County. The moraine then runs, west of southwest to the moraine runs, southwest to Lima. From Lima it runs west and northwest along the right bank of the St. Mary's River to Ft. Wayne. Continuing northeast on the left bank of the St. Joseph River to Hudson, Michigan in Lenawee County.[2] The moraine is Шаблон:Convert or Шаблон:Convert wide and has an undulating surface. Its main crest is Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert above the beds of the rivers that follow the outer border. The rivers are in trenches Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert deep. The moraine is Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert above the bluff or plain. The wide outer slope of a mile (1.6 km) or more provides any local relief. The drift is a clay till and has boulders.[3]
| Fort Wayne Moraine[2] | ||
| City | County, State | Elevation above sea level |
|---|---|---|
| Hudson | Lenawee County, Michigan | Шаблон:Convert |
| Summit west of Bryan | Williams County, Ohio | Шаблон:Convert |
| Summit west of Hicksville | Defiance, Ohio | Шаблон:Convert |
| Wabash-Erie channel. head of Maumee River | Allen County, Indiana | Шаблон:Convert |
| Summit east of Ft. Wayne | Allen County, Indiana | Шаблон:Convert |
| Summit, section 112, Madison | Allen County, Indiana | Шаблон:Convert |
| Two miles south of Spencerville | Allen County, Ohio | Шаблон:Convert |
| Two miles south of Lima | Allen County, Ohio | Шаблон:Convert |
| One mile north of Hog Creek Marsh | Hardin County, Ohio | Шаблон:Convert |
St. Mary's (south) Unit
The presence of the moraine is evident in the course of St. Mary's River. Its headwaters in Auglaize and Mercer counties, flow north toward the Maumee until it comes to the moraine ridge. Here it turns to the west. The ridge forms the watershed between the St. Mary's and the Auglaize River. It is about Шаблон:Convert from the St. Mary's and Шаблон:Convert the Auglaize. In Allen County, Indiana the Wayne trace, or old Piqua road follows the crest. The inner slope is gentle, while the outer slope is steep. On the west side of Six Mile Creek gap the moraine is a bold bluff Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert high to the point where the Wabash and Erie Canal once crossed the St. Mary's. The summit is Шаблон:Convert above the mouth of the St. Mary's. The ridge is composed chiefly of boulder clay with a border of sand and gravel around its northern end.[2]
St. Joseph (north) Unit
North of Fort Wayne the moraine is simple in structure. It extends from Ft. Wayne along the left bank of the St. Joseph River into Michigan. Through Indiana it is four miles (6.4 km) wide and gets broader through Ohio and Michigan.[2] It rises from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert above the Maumee Lake bed.[2]
Outliers
The plains to the east between the Fort Wayne and Defiance is Шаблон:Convert wide and is occupied by faint terminal moraines. These are closely related to the Fort Wayne moraine.[3] Two moraines run parallel with the main crest of the Fort Wayne moraine in the vicinity of Lima, Ohio. The Bluffton moraine is west of Mount Cory to Bluffton and then turns southwest to within a mile (1.6 km) of Cairo and Elida. The Rawson moraine runs west from Rawson and curves to the southwest roughly parallel with the Bluffton moraine[4] some 2 or 3 miles (3.2 or 4.8 km) north.[3] A third significant ridge runs across Allen, Van Wert and into Adams and Allen counties. East of Landeck, Шаблон:Convert southwest of Delphos, the ridge is indistinct through Venedocia, to the Auglaize River, Шаблон:Convert northeast of Southworth. West, the ridge is distinct Monroeville, Indiana. Through Indiana the ridge is a double crest. North of Glenmore the moraine turns northwest. This ridge is later than the Bluffton moraine, and may be a westward continuation of the Rawson moraine.[3]
See also
- Mississinawa Moraine
- Union City Moraine
- Salamonie Moraine
- Wabash Moraine
- Defiance Moraine
- Maumee Torrent
- List of glacial moraines
References
- ↑ Glacial Map of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains, U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Report Upon The Geology of Allen County; Charles R. Dryer, M. D.; Indiana Geologic Survey, Indianapolis, Indiana, ca 1880 pg 124
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 The Pleistocene of Indiana and Michigan and the History of the Great Lakes, Monograph 53; Frank Leverett & Frank B. Taylor, U.S. Geological Survey; Government Printing Office, Washington; 1915, pg 168
- ↑ Leverett, Frank, Glacial formations and drainage features of the Erie and Ohio basins: Monograph, U. S. Geological Survey, vol. 41, 1902, pp. 566-581
- Английская Википедия
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- Moraines of Indiana
- Geological history of the Great Lakes
- Landforms of Lenawee County, Michigan
- Landforms of Williams County, Ohio
- Landforms of Allen County, Indiana
- Landforms of Allen County, Ohio
- Landforms of Hardin County, Ohio
- Landforms of Michigan
- Landforms of Ohio
- Landforms of Defiance County, Ohio
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