Английская Википедия:Fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet
Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Chinese Civil War
The fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government against the Communist base in the border region between Hubei, Henan, and Anhui provinces, the Eyuwan Soviet. Although the Fourth Red Army responded with its fourth counter-encirclement campaign, the Nationalists were ultimately successful and overran the soviet area by early October 1932.
Course of the Campaign
Drought, food shortages, and a major epidemic had weakened the Eyuwan Soviet going into 1932.Шаблон:Sfn From July to September 1932, Chiang Kai-shek ordered 300,000 troops of the National Revolutionary Army to begin the fourth encirclement campaign.Шаблон:Sfn The Communists positioned their 25th Army to defend the east while the main force of the Fourth Red Army was located to the west. Although it was able to inflict about the same amount of casualties on the nationalist forces as it suffered itself, this loss rate was unsustainable against a superior force.Шаблон:Sfn National General Xia Douyin led a scorched earth campaign, killing all men found in the Soviet areas, burning all buildings, and seizing or destroying all crops.Шаблон:Sfn Historians such as Marc Opper and Chen Yao-huang argue that a major factor in the Fourth Red Army's defeat was its decision to adopt more conventional tactics. The mass of the peasantry was unfriendly to Nationalists and so Nationalist armies had to rely on local elites to provide food, a method that was unreliable and made them vulnerable to supply problems. The Communists failed to capitalize on this logistical weakness when they decided not to fight a guerrilla war.Шаблон:Sfn
However, the Nationalist victory was incomplete because they had concluded the campaign too early in their jubilation. The Fourth Red Army retreated to border region between Shaanxi and Sichuan, leaving behind a small force to carry out guerilla warfare.Шаблон:Sfn Moreover, the remnant local Communist force of the Eyuwan Soviet was able to rebuild a guerilla movement by taking advantage of the early Nationalist withdrawal. They hid in the mountains and eked out a living by foraging and organizing poor peasants to seize grain kept by landlords and public granaries.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Ill and Xu Haidong became the de facto leaders of the largest force left behind, the 25th Red Army. They were successful at preserving a Communist presence in the region for several more years.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As a result, the Nationalists had to launch a fifth encirclement campaign.
See also
- Chinese Civil War
- National Revolutionary Army
- Chinese Red Army
- Encirclement campaigns against the Eyuwan Soviet
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
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- Military History Research Department, Complete History of the People's Liberation Army, Military Science Publishing House in Beijing, 2000, Шаблон:ISBNШаблон:UnverifiableШаблон:Dead link
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