Английская Википедия:Frank Field (British politician)

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Infobox officeholder Frank Ernest Field, Baron Field of Birkenhead, Шаблон:Post-nominals (born 16 July 1942) is a British politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birkenhead for 40 years, from 1979 to 2019, serving as a Labour MP until August 2018 and thereafter as an Independent. In 2019, he formed the Birkenhead Social Justice Party and stood unsuccessfully as its sole candidate in the 2019 election. After leaving the House of Commons he was awarded a life peerage in 2020 and sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher.

From 1997 to 1998, Field served as the Minister of Welfare Reform in Tony Blair's government. Field resigned following differences with the Prime Minister; as a backbencher he soon became one of the Labour government's most vocal critics.

Field was elected Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee in June 2015. Following the 2017 general election he was re-elected unopposed.[1]

In August 2018, Field resigned the Labour whip citing antisemitism in the party, as well as a "culture of intolerance, nastiness and intimidation" in parts of the party, including in his own constituency.[2] Field lost a confidence vote in his constituency party a month before his resignation, after siding with the government in Brexit votes. His resignation of the whip also led to his departure from the wider membership of the Labour Party, according to the Labour National Executive Committee, although Field disputes this.[3]

Early life

Field was born in Edmonton, Middlesex, on 16 July 1942, the second of three sons. His father was a labourer at the Morgan Crucible Company's factory in Battersea, and his mother a primary school welfare worker at Belmont Primary School in Chiswick. His parents were Conservatives "who believed in character and pulling oneself up by one's own bootstraps".[4]

Field was educated at St Clement Danes Grammar School, then in Hammersmith, before studying economics at the University of Hull. In his youth he was a member of the Conservative Party, but left in 1960 because of his opposition to apartheid in South Africa[5][6] and joined the Labour Party.[7] In 1964, he became a further education teacher in Southwark and Hammersmith.[8]

Field served as a Labour councillor for Turnham Green on Hounslow London Borough Council from 1964 until 1968, when he lost his seat.[8][9] He was Director of the Child Poverty Action Group from 1969 to 1979, employing Virginia Bottomley on longterm research into income and expenditure for families below the poverty line, and the Low Pay Unit from 1974 to 1980.[10]

Political career

Field unsuccessfully contested the constituency of South Buckinghamshire at the 1966 general election, where he was defeated by the sitting Conservative MP Ronald Bell. He was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Birkenhead at the 1979 general election on the retirement of the sitting MP Edmund Dell. Field held the seat with a majority of 5,909 and remained the constituency's MP until November 2019.

In Parliament, Field was made a member of the Opposition frontbench by the Labour leader Michael Foot as a spokesman on education in 1980, but was dropped a year later. Following the appointment of Neil Kinnock as the Labour leader in 1983, Field was appointed as a spokesman on health and social security for a year. He was appointed the chairman of the social services select committee in 1987, becoming the chairman of the new social security select committee in 1990, a position he held until the 1997 election.

Two nights before the Conservative Party leadership election in November 1990, he visited Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at 10 Downing Street. He advised her that her time as Prime Minister was drawing to a close and that she should back John Major to take over the role. His reason for doing so was that he felt that her Conservative colleagues would not tell her straight that she could not win a leadership contest. Following this meeting, he was smuggled out of Downing Street's back door. Two days later Margaret Thatcher supported John Major for the post, and Major went on to become Prime Minister.[11]

Minister for Welfare Reform

Following the 1997 election, with Labour now in power, Field joined the government led by Tony Blair as its Minister for Welfare Reform, working in the Department of Social Security (DSS). Blair has said Field's mission was to "think the unthinkable".

Field thought that the state should only play a small direct role in the provision of welfare and he disliked means-testing and non-contributory entitlement to benefits, which he believed should only be received after claimants had joined Continental-style social insurance schemes or mutual organisations such as friendly societies. There were clashes with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, and the Secretary of State for Social Security, Harriet Harman – the Treasury was concerned about costs, while Brown himself was in favour of the poor being entitled to working-age benefits without having first paid National Insurance contributions, later established as the Working Families Tax Credit.[12] According to The Guardian, Field resigned his ministerial position in July 1998 rather than accept a move away from the DSS as part of a wider reshuffle; the newspaper suggested at the time that Blair had been "disappointed" by Field's ideas for welfare reform.[13] Harriet Harman also returned to the backbenches. In his autobiography, Blair wrote about Field:

Шаблон:Blockquote

The following year, Downing Street briefed the press that "harsh and authoritarian" measures were in store for welfare recipients[14] and plans were made to abolish the DSS.

At the end of Blair's second term of office, the BBC reviewed his record on welfare reform up to that point:

Шаблон:Blockquote

The welfare reform most closely associated with Blair was not introduced for a further three years: the replacement of Incapacity Benefit (IB) by Employment and Support Allowance (ESA).[15] The think-tank Reform, on whose advisory board Field used to sit, said in its 2016 report on changes to out-of-work sickness benefits that ESA had "replicated many of the problems of IB" and had therefore "failed to achieve its objective".[16]

Return to the backbenches

After leaving ministerial office, Field continued with his duties as an MP and joined the ecclesiastical and the public accounts select committees in the House of Commons.

From the backbenches, he was a vocal critic of the government, criticising in 1999 the new Working Families Tax Credit as an approach which could not survive in the long term,[17] voting against Foundation Hospitals in November 2003. In May 2008, he was a significant critic of the abolition of the 10p tax rate[18] and this led to Field describing Prime Minister Gordon Brown as "unhappy inside his own body".[19] He later apologised in parliament for the personal attack.[20] In June 2008, Field joined calls for the establishment of a devolved parliament for England.[21]

On 8 June 2009, Field wrote in his blog that he believed that the Labour Party would not win the next election with Gordon Brown as leader. On 6 January 2010, Field was one of the few Labour MPs to back Geoff Hoon and Patricia Hewitt's calls for a secret ballot of the Parliamentary Labour Party on the leadership of Gordon Brown. The ballot could have led to a leadership contest.[22]

In May 2009, Field announced his candidature for Speaker of the House of Commons, but later withdrew his candidature, citing lack of support from within his own party.[23] John Bercow was elected as the new Speaker.

In the 2010 general election Field retained his Birkenhead seat with an increased majority. In June 2010 he was appointed by David Cameron's coalition government to head an independent review into poverty,[24] which proposed adopting a new measure centred around life-chance indicators and increasing funding for early years education.[25][26][27] In an interview in September 2012, Field considered the government to have ignored his report, saying "nothing had been done about it" and that it was "very disappointing".[28]

Файл:Nigel Dodds MP, Minister for Social Development, Nelson McCausland and Frank Field MP. (7314727504).jpg
Nigel Dodds, Nelson McCausland and Frank Field (from left to right) pictured in 2012

In October 2013, along with Laura Sandys, Field established the All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Hunger and Food Poverty, which he went on to chair. He also chaired a parliamentary inquiry into hunger commissioned by the APPG which reported in December 2014.[29][30] Field became the chair of trustees of Feeding Britain, a charitable organisation set up in October 2015 to implement the recommendations made by the APPG.[31]

Following the 2015 general election, it was announced in June 2015 that he had been elected to the chairmanship of the Work and Pensions Select Committee.[32] He was re-elected unopposed to the role following the 2017 general election.[1]

Field nominated Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015,[33] stating that while he did not think Corbyn could win a general election, he hoped his candidature would force the party to confront its 'deficit denial'.[34]

In June 2016, Field wrote in The Guardian that he supported Brexit, emphasising the need to control immigration due to it creating excessive demands on public services, roads and housing stock. He argued the EU model suited big businesses who wanted cheap labour, and supported agricultural interests creating high prices for food, rather than families.[35] The Liverpool Echo has reported that Field is "a long-time Brexiteer".[36]

In December 2017, during a debate on Universal Credit, Field described the impact that Universal Credit changes had had on his constituents. His observations moved Work and Pensions Select Committee member Heidi Allen to tears. Field spoke of how he had talked a man out of suicide and how one claimant felt "lucky" his family was invited to eat food leftovers from a funeral.[37]

Resignation of the Labour whip

On 17 July 2018, a vote was held on a rebel amendment to a trade bill, which aimed to force the British government to join a customs union with the EU in the event of a no-deal Brexit. Field, Kate Hoey, John Mann, and Graham Stringer were the only Labour MPs to oppose the amendment, which was lost by 307 votes to 301.[36][38] Field lost a confidence vote in his constituency, after siding with the government in these Brexit votes.[39] On 30 August 2018, Field resigned the Labour whip because, he said, Labour was "increasingly seen as a racist party" and due to the "culture of intolerance, nastiness and intimidation" in parts of the party, including his own constituency. Some commentators suggested that he had "jumped before he was pushed."[40][41]

Field described himself as an "independent Labour MP".[42][43][44] Field said that he would not trigger a by-election and would remain an MP.[45] However, on 2 August 2019 he announced that he was forming a new party, the Birkenhead Social Justice Party.

Field voted for Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit deal in the "meaningful vote" on 15 January 2019, which May lost.[46] Subsequently, Field voted for the Conservative party-supported Brady amendment calling on the Government to renegotiate the Northern Ireland backstop part of the deal, and abstained on the Labour party-supported Cooper-Boles amendment to prevent a no-deal Brexit.[47]

Birkenhead Social Justice Party

In August 2019, Field stated that he would stand in the next general election as a candidate for a newly-formed Birkenhead Social Justice Party.[48] The party stated that it would stand on a social justice, localist, and pro-Brexit platform.[49]

In the December 2019 general election, he was beaten by the Labour Party candidate Mick Whitley who polled 24,990 votes, compared to Field's 7,285, a winning margin of 17,705 votes.[50]

The Party was de-registered with the Electoral Commission on 17 February 2020.[51]

Awards and honours

He was sworn in as a member of Privy Council in 1997. This gave him the honorific prefix "The Right Honorable" and, after ennoblement, the post nominal letters "PC" for life.

He was appointed as a deputy lieutenant for the county of Merseyside in October 2011.[52] At the age of 75 he was moved to the retired list.[53] This gave him the Post Nominal Letters "DL" for Life.

In March 2015, Field was awarded the Grassroot Diplomat initiative honour for the co-founding of environmental organisation Cool Earth, a charity that works alongside indigenous villages to halt rainforest destruction as a bottom-up solution to an ageing problem.[54]

He was awarded an honorary fellowship by Liverpool John Moores University on 12 July 2016.[55][56]

In 2017, he was awarded the Langton Award for Community Service by the Archbishop of Canterbury "for sustained and outstanding commitment to social welfare".[57] Field was nominated for a life peerage in the 2019 Dissolution Honours.[58] He was created Baron Field of Birkenhead, of Birkenhead in the County of Merseyside, on 11 September 2020.[59]

Field was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2022 New Year Honours for political and public service.[60]

Field was awarded the freedom of the Borough of Wirral on 16 February 2022.[61][62][63] He is also a Companion of the Guild of St George.

Personal beliefs

Field has had a reputation for being an intellectual, a free-thinker and a maverick in the Parliamentary Labour Party. Inspired by his Christianity, he has taken a much more socially conservative stance on various issues particularly on the family, antisocial behaviour, immigration and welfare reform. He has also embraced calls for an English Parliament and called for a renegotiation of Britain's relationship with European Union, including changes to free movement of labour.[64] He has voted for gay marriage and in favour of liberal legislation on gay rights since 1997. He is a member of the advisory board of Reform and of the generally conservative but also "broad church" magazine Standpoint. In May 2008, he said that Margaret Thatcher "is certainly a hero" and that "I still see Mrs T from time to time – I always call her 'Mrs T', when I talk to her."[18] He regarded Thatcher as a friend, and believed in her self-help market philosophy.[65]

In 1999, based on his belief that Britain should find a sustainable non-political way to fund retirement, Field helped set up the Pension Reform Group, which promotes the Universal Protected Pension as the best means to reform pensions.[66]

Although there have been attempts to get him to defect to the Conservatives, they have been without success.[67] In 2008, Field was named as the 100th-most-influential right-winger in the United Kingdom by The Daily Telegraph.[67] Field supports the return of national service to tackle growing unemployment and instil "a sense of order and patriotism" in Britain's young men and women.[68] In May 2010, Field endorsed Ed Miliband to become leader of the Labour Party to replace Gordon Brown.

Field believes strongly in fighting climate change.[69] He co-founded the charity Cool Earth with Johan Eliasch. Cool Earth protects endangered rainforest and works with the local communities to combat climate change.[70] Field was the instigator of the idea of a global Commonwealth network of protected forests, though he failed to raise political interest for a number of years; according to Field, when Queen Elizabeth II was told about the idea, she supported it enthusiastically, and the initiative was launched as the Queen's Commonwealth Canopy in 2015.[71]

In 2010 he chaired the Liverpool City Region Poverty and Life Chances Commission to create a new strategy for the Government in order to abolish child poverty.[72]

Field believes in reducing the time-limit within which women can have an abortion,[73] and in stripping abortion providers such as Marie Stopes of their counselling role and handing it to organisations not linked to abortion clinics.[74][75] With the Conservative MP Nadine Dorries, he has been vocal in two defeated attempts to legislate for such a reform in Parliament.[76] He was a prominent Eurosceptic within the Labour Party, and declared on 20 February 2016 that he would campaign to leave the EU.[77] In January 2019, the supporters page of the Labour Leave website listed only two MPs, Labour's Kate Hoey and Field.[78]

Personal life

Field is an active member of the Church of England, a former chairman of the Churches Conservation Trust and a member of the Church of England General Synod.[79] Field's political and religious views are most clearly expressed in his book Neighbours From Hell where he discusses what might replace the "largely beneficial effect" of evangelical Christianity.[80] Between 2005 and 2015, Field was chairman of the Cathedral Fabrics Commission for England – the national body that controls the care, conservation and repair or development of cathedrals.[81] In 2007 he was appointed as chairman of the 2011 King James Bible Trust, which was established to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible.[82]

He is also a Vice President of the National Churches Trust.[83]

In an 2006 article in The Observer, the critic Jay Rayner noted that Field's unmarried status had led him to describe himself as "incomplete" but that those in his social circle suggested he enjoyed "a full life outside politics".[5] Since 1979 he lived in a postwar block half a mile from the House of Commons.[65] In February 2023, his book Politics, Poverty and Belief was published, co-written with Brian Griffiths, Thatcher's former chief policy adviser, and Rachel Griffiths.[65][84]

Health

Field was admitted to hospital after collapsing during a meeting in March 2015.[85][86]

On 22 October 2021, Field announced that he was terminally ill and had spent time in a hospice.[87] Baroness Meacher read out a statement from him in the House of Lords during a debate on the Assisted Dying Bill.[88]

In a January 2023 interview with The Guardian, Field revealed he had been suffering from prostate cancer for 10 years, by the time of the interview, the cancer had spread to his jaw, remarking “It’s a strange experience taking so long to die.”[89]

Publications

Шаблон:Refbegin

  • Twentieth Century State Education: Readings for General Studies by Frank Field and Patricia Haikin, 1971, Oxford University Press, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Black Britons: Readings for General Studies by Frank Field and Patricia Haikin, 1971, Oxford University Press, Шаблон:ISBN
  • One Nation: The Conservatives Record since 1970 by Frank Field, 1972, Child Poverty Action Group, ISBN B0000E9CMI
  • Abuse and the Abused by Frank Field, 1972, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Low Pay by Frank Field, 1973, Arrow Books, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Incomes Policy for Families by Frank Field, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Unequal Britain by Frank Field, 1974, Arrow Books, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Housing and Poverty by Frank Field, 1974, Catholic Housing Aid Society, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Poor Families and Inflation by Michael Brown and Frank Field, 1974, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • The Stigma of Free School Meals: Welfare in Action by Frank Field, 1974, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Low Wages Councils by Frank Field and Steve Winyard, 1975, Spokesman Books, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Social Contract for Families: Memorandum to the Chancellor of the Exchequer by Frank Field and Peter Townsend, 1975, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Unemployment: The Facts by Frank Field, 1975, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Poverty: The Facts by Frank Field, 1975, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Back to the Thirties for the Poor?: A Report on the Living Standards of the Poor in 1975 by Frank Field, 1975, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Education and the Urban Crisis Edited by Frank Field, 1976, Routledge, Шаблон:ISBN
  • To Him who Hath by Frank Field, 1976, Penguin Books Ltd, Шаблон:ISBN
  • The new Corporate Interest by Frank Field, 1976, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Conscript Army: Study of Britain's Unemployed by Frank Field, 1977, Routledge, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Are Low Wages Inevitable? by Frank Field, 1977, Spokesman Books, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Wasted Labour: Call for Action on Unemployment by Frank Field, 1978, Child Poverty Action Group, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Rising Tide of Poverty: A Challenge for Political Parties by Frank Field, 1978, Low Pay Unit, ISBN B0000EDRIP
  • The Wealth Report by Frank Field, 1979, Routledge, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Fair Shares for Families: Need for a Family Impact Statement by Frank Field, 1980, Study Commission on the Family, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Inequality in Britain: Freedom, Welfare and the State by Frank Field, 1981, Fontana, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Poverty and Politics by Frank Field, 1982, Heinemann Education, Шаблон:ISBN
  • The Wealth Report 2 by Frank Field, 1983, Routledge, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Policies Against Low Pay by Frank Field, 1984, Policy Studies Institute
  • The Minimum Wage by Frank Field, 1984, Ashgate, Шаблон:ISBN
  • What Price a Child?: A Historical Review of the Relative Costs of Dependants by Frank Field, 1985, Policy Studies Institute, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Freedom and Wealth in a Socialist Future by Frank Field, 1987, Constable, Шаблон:ISBN
  • The Politics of Paradise: A Christian Approach to the Kingdom by Frank Field, 1987, Fount, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Losing Out: Emergence of Britain's Underclass by Frank Field, 1989, Blackwell Publishers, Шаблон:ISBN
  • An Agenda for Britain by Frank Field, 1993, Harper Collins, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Making Sense of Pensions by Matthew Owen and Frank Field, 1993, Fabian Society, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Private Pensions for All by Frank Field and Matthew Owen, 1993, Fabian Society, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Europe Isn't Working by Frank Field, 1994, Institute of Community Studies, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Beyond Punishment by Frank Field and Matthew Owen, 1994, Institute of Community Studies
  • National Pensions Savings Plan by Frank Field and Matthew Owen, 1994, Fabian Society, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Making Welfare Work: Reconstructing Welfare for the Millennium by Frank Field, 1995, Institute of Community Studies, Шаблон:ISBN
  • The Measurement of Poverty and Low Income at the Millennium by Frank Field, 1995, Manchester Statistical Society, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Who Gets What, How and for How Long? by Frank Field and Paul Gregg, Fabian Society, Шаблон:ISBN
  • How to Pay for the Future by Frank Field, 1996
  • The Operation of the Child Support Agency by Frank Field, 1996, The Stationery Office Books, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Reflections of Welfare (Discussion Paper) by Frank Field, 1998, The Social Market Foundation, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Stakeholder Welfare by Frank Field, Alan Deacon, Pete Alcock, David G. Green, Melanie Phillips, 2000, Civitas Шаблон:ISBN
  • The State of Dependency: Welfare Under Labour by Frank Field, 2000, The Social Market Foundation, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Capitalism, Morality and Markets by Brian Griffiths, Robert A Siciro, Norman Berry and Frank Field, 2001, Institute of Economic Affairs Шаблон:ISBN
  • William Temple: A Calling to Prophecy by Stephen Spencer and foreword by Frank Field, 2001, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Debating Pensions: Self-Interest, Citizenship and the Common Good by Frank Field and Alan Deacon, 2002, Civitas Шаблон:ISBN
  • Welfare Titans by Frank Field, 2002, Civitas, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Neighbours from Hell: The Politics of Behaviour by Frank Field, 2003, Politico's Publishing, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Working Welfare: Contributory Benefits, the Moral Economy and the New Politics by Frank Field, 2013, Politeia, Шаблон:ISBN

Шаблон:Refend

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:UK MP links

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-par Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-prec Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-fol Шаблон:S-end

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Michael White "Blair balances the power", Шаблон:Webarchive The Guardian, 28 July 1998
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  15. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок auto не указан текст
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  36. ↑ 36,0 36,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  52. ↑ Шаблон:London Gazette
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  54. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  56. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  58. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  59. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  60. ↑ Шаблон:London Gazette
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  64. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  65. ↑ 65,0 65,1 65,2 Шаблон:Cite news
  66. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  67. ↑ 67,0 67,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  68. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  69. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  70. ↑ Who we are Шаблон:Webarchive Cool Earth
  71. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  72. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  73. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  74. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  75. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  76. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  77. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  78. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  79. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  80. ↑ Neighbours from Hell, page 8
  81. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  82. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  83. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  84. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  85. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  86. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  87. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  88. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  89. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Frank_Field_(British_politician)&oldid=14771853