Английская Википедия:Franklin's bumblebee
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
Franklin's bumblebee (Bombus franklini) is one of the most narrowly distributed bumblebee species,[1] making it a critically endangered bee of the western United States.[2] It lives only in a Шаблон:Convert area in southern Oregon and northern California, between the Coast and Sierra-Cascade mountain ranges. It was last seen in 2006.[3] Franklin's bumblebee collects nectar and pollen from several wildflowers, such as lupine, California poppy, and horsemint, which causes it to be classified as a generalist forager.[4]
Description
Franklin's bumblebee is distinguished from other bumblebees by a solid black abdomen, with yellow anteriorly on the thorax in a U-shaped pattern.[5] Females have black hair on their faces and the vertices, with some light hairs mixed above and below their antennal bases, while most similar bumblebee species have yellow.[6] Males of this species are similar except their malar spaces are as long as wide, the hair on males' faces is yellow, and tergum 6 has some pale hairs laterally.[6]
Conservation
The population of this bumblebee species has decreased drastically since 1998,[7] with last sighting in Oregon, in 2006. Some experts, as professor Dave Goulson at the University of Sussex,[8] say this species is already extinct, but until more concrete evidence is shown, it has been assigned a conservation status rank of G1, which is critically imperiled.
A petition was submitted by the Xerces society, Defenders of Wildlife, and the Center for Food Safety to the California Fish and Game Commission in October 2018 to list Bombus franklini and three others as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act.[9][10]
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife evaluated this petition in a report for the California Fish and Game Commission completed in April 2019.[10] On June 12, 2019 the California Fish and Game Commission voted to add all four bumblebees, including Bombus franklini, to the list of protected species under the California Endangered Species Act.[11] A subsequent legal challenge of the CESA's definition of a fish as "a wild fish, mollusk, crustacean, invertebrate, amphibian, or part, spawn, or ovum of any of those animals"[11] was eventually overruled, because the explicit intent was for all invertebrates (therefore including insects) to be qualified for protection under this legal definition.[12]
References
External links
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокiucn status 12 November 2021
не указан текст - ↑ Bombus franklini. Encyclopedia of Life.
- ↑ Franklin's bumble bee may be extinct. Phys.org. 26 May 2009.
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 6,0 6,1 Bumble bees: Franklin’s bumble bee (Bombus franklini). Шаблон:Webarchive Xerces Society.
- ↑ NatureServe. 2015. Bombus franklini. NatureServe Explorer Version 7.1. Accessed 4 March 2016.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Hatfield R, Jepsen S, Jordan SF, Blackburn M and Code A. 2018. A Petition to the State of California Fish and Game Commission. https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=161902&inline
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 10,0 10,1 California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2019. EVALUATION OF THE PETITION FROM THE XERCES SOCIETY, DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE, AND THE CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY TO LIST FOUR SPECIES OF BUMBLE BEES AS ENDANGERED UNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT. https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=166804&inline
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 11,0 11,1 Weiland P. 2019. Fish and Game Commission Adds Four Bumble Bees to Candidate List. Endangered Species Law and Policy. https://www.endangeredspecieslawandpolicy.com/fish-and-game-commission-adds-four-bumble-bees-to-candidate-list
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Bumblebees
- Hymenoptera of North America
- Endemic insects of the United States
- Fauna of California
- Natural history of Oregon
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- Critically endangered fauna of California
- Insects described in 1921
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