Английская Википедия:Franz Beyer (pilot)

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Franz Beyer (22 April 1918 – 11 February 1944) was a German Luftwaffe fighter pilot during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Beyer was killed on 11 February near Venlo, the Netherlands after dog-fighting with British Spitfires. During his career he was credited with 83 aerial victories, 6 on the Western Front and 77 on the Eastern Front. On 1 June 1943, Beyer was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

Beyer was born on 22 April 1918 in Berlin-Grunewald at the time the capital of the German Empire.Шаблон:Sfn On 12 July 1941, Beyer was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing). He replaced Oberleutnant Winfried Schmidt who had been wounded the day before.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 April 1943, Beyer claimed his 80th aerial victory over a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighter.Шаблон:Sfn

Group commander and death

Файл:Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof Ysselsteyn - Franz Beyer.jpg

German War Cemetery Ysselsteyn - Franz Beyer

On 31 May 1943, Beyer was transferred and command of 8. Staffel was passed on to Oberleutnant Emil Bitsch.Шаблон:Sfn As part of the Luftwaffe plan to expand its fighter force, a fourth Gruppe was to be added to every Geschwader. This was achieved by transferring some of the other GruppenШаблон:'s personnel and equipment. This created the nucleus of a newly formed Gruppe. IV. Gruppe of JG 3 was officially created on 1 June 1943 at Neubiberg Airfield and Beyer was selected as its first Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).Шаблон:Sfn The Gruppe was initially equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6, some carrying a pair of 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons installed in conformal gun pods under the wings. Beyer was not given much time to prepare his pilots for combat, already in mid-June, the Gruppe was ordered to Italy to fight in the Mediterranean theater.Шаблон:Sfn

On 11 July, IV. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Ramacca, Sicily. There, the Gruppe supported German forces defending against the Allied invasion of Sicily.Шаблон:Sfn Due to the advancing Allied forces, the airfield had to be abandoned on 15 July, forcing the Gruppe to retreat to Leverano.Шаблон:Sfn Beyer claimed his first aerial victory in this theater of operations on 19 July when he shot down a Supermarine Spitfire fighter.Шаблон:Sfn On 23 July, the airfield at Leverona came under a heavy attack, killing one pilot and injuring six. The ground personnel suffered 30 killed and further 31 men were wounded. In the attack, the Gruppe lost 40 Bf 109s destroyed. In consequence, the airfield was abandoned by IV. Gruppe on 26 July, relocating to San Severo Airfield.Шаблон:Sfn On 21 August, approximately 50 to 60 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers without fighter escort were intercepted by Luftwaffe fighters from IV. Gruppe of JG 3 and I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Bomber Wing) in the vicinity of Naples. Luftwaffe fighter pilots claimed four bombers shot down, including one by Beyer who was credited with his 82nd aerial victory.Шаблон:Sfn

IV. Gruppe was ordered back to Germany on 24 September where it was initially again based at Neubiberg Airfield.Шаблон:Sfn Over the following weeks, the Gruppe was assigned new pilots and aircraft and trained for Defense of the Reich missions. The head on attack was practiced in mock combat against Heinkel He 111 bombers from III. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 53 (KG 53—53rd Bomber Wing).Шаблон:Sfn The Gruppe flew its first combat mission against United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) on 19 December. The day the USAAF Fifteenth Air Force attacked Innsbruck and the Messerschmitt factory at Augsburg. Defending against this attack, Beyer claimed a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber shot down.Шаблон:Sfn

On 28 January 1944, IV. Gruppe relocated to Venlo Airfield.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 February, the USAAF Eighth Air Force targeted the German railroad infrastructure at Frankfurt. In parallel to this attack, a formation of Martin B-26 Marauder bombers, escorted by Spitfire fighters, attacked various targets in Belgium. IV. Gruppe intercepted this formation in the vicinity of Liège. In this encounter, IV. Gruppe claimed two aerial victories but lost Beyer.Шаблон:Sfn Flying Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 411036—factory number), he was chased by Spitfire fighters and collided with a tree south of Liège.Шаблон:Sfn Beyer was buried with military honors at Venlo on 17 February and later reinterred at the Ysselsteyn German war cemetery.Шаблон:Sfn Command of IV. Gruppe was temporarily passed to Hauptmann Heinz Lang before command was officially handed to Major Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller on 26 February.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Beyer was credited with 83 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick lists Beyer with 81 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of combat missions. This figure includes 70 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and eleven over the Western Allies.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 84 aerial victory claims. This figure includes 78 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and six on the Western Front, including two four-engined bombers.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 3936". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 –Шаблон:Sfn At the Channel and over England — 26 June 1940 – 9 June 1941
1	14 August 1940	13:50	HurricaneШаблон:Sfn		3	7 September 1940	18:10	HurricaneШаблон:Sfn
2	5 September 1940	11:10	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 11 July 1941
4	22 June 1941	07:29	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		11	2 July 1941	09:30	I-153Шаблон:Sfn
5	22 June 1941	18:55	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		12	2 July 1941	11:30	V-11 (Il-2)	Шаблон:Convert north of KlevanШаблон:Sfn
6	23 June 1941	09:58	SB-2	Wojnica-ZaturczeШаблон:Sfn	13?Шаблон:Refn	7 July 1941	18:54	I-16	west of Vinnytsia airfieldШаблон:Sfn
7	25 June 1941	08:55	SB-2Шаблон:Sfn		14	7 July 1941	18:55	I-16	Vinnytsia airfieldШаблон:Sfn
8	25 June 1941	09:12	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		15	10 July 1941	19:31	TB-3(ANT-6)Шаблон:Sfn
9	28 June 1941	18:15	SB-2	Шаблон:Convert southeast of ZdolbernowШаблон:Sfn	16	10 July 1941	19:35	TB-3 (ANT-6)Шаблон:Sfn
10	2 July 1941	06:05	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 12 July – 6 November 1941
17	13 July 1941	06:10	ZKB-19 (DB-3)	west of KievШаблон:Sfn	30	27 July 1941	18:40	I-15Шаблон:Sfn
18	13 July 1941	06:10	ZKB-19	northeast of KievШаблон:Sfn	31	27 July 1941	18:41	I-15Шаблон:Sfn
19	15 July 1941	15:00	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		32	7 September 1941	18:00	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
20	15 July 1941	15:07	I-153	Шаблон:Convert southeast of BerdychivШаблон:Sfn	33	20 September 1941	16:18	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn
21	17 July 1941	16:03	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn		34	24 September 1941	09:46	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn
22	17 July 1941	16:05	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn		35	3 October 1941	16:35	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn
23	17 July 1941	19:10	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		36	5 October 1941	16:07	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn
24	20 July 1941	18:45	I-17 (MiG-1)Шаблон:Sfn		37	6 October 1941	15:57	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
25	21 July 1941	10:47	I-16	Шаблон:Convert northeast of Bila TserkvaШаблон:Sfn	38	11 October 1941	13:20	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn
26	23 July 1941	12:45	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		39	11 October 1941	13:25	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn
27	23 July 1941	13:47	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn		40	12 October 1941	09:40	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of MtsenskШаблон:Sfn
28	24 July 1941	18:45	I-17 (MiG-1)Шаблон:Sfn		41	18 October 1941	07:00	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn
29	24 July 1941	18:48	I-17 (MiG-1)Шаблон:Sfn		42	25 October 1941	13:48	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 10 February 1942 – 14 April 1942
43	13 February 1942	09:57	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		49	28 February 1942	10:30	I-301 (LaGG-3)	southeast of Staraya RussaШаблон:Sfn
44	16 February 1942	12:02	R-5Шаблон:Sfn		?Шаблон:Refn	12 March 1942	13:08	BB-22 (Seversky)	Шаблон:Convert southeast of SoltsyШаблон:Sfn
45	22 February 1942	16:04	R-5	Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Staraya RussaШаблон:Sfn	50	12 March 1942	13:58	Yak-4	Шаблон:Convert southeast of SoltsyШаблон:Sfn
46	23 February 1942	08:55	R-5	Шаблон:Convert northwest of KresttsyШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya Russa	51	17 March 1942	16:22	I-61 (MiG-3)	Шаблон:Convert southeast of MuryШаблон:Sfn
47?	26 February 1942	08:55	R-5Шаблон:Sfn		52	31 March 1942	12:57	I-61 (MiG-3)	Шаблон:Convert east of Staraya RussaШаблон:Sfn
48	26 February 1942	17:07	R-5	Шаблон:Convert north of KonjuchowoШаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 14 April 1942 – 3 February 1943
53	20 May 1942	05:15	Il-2	north-northeast of KharkivШаблон:Sfn	66	9 August 1942	18:30	Il-2	northeast of KalachШаблон:Sfn
54	20 May 1942	15:42	MiG-1	Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of VovchanskШаблон:Sfn	?Шаблон:Refn	20 August 1942	16:23	Pe-2	west of Lake SweyliyaШаблон:Sfn
55	26 May 1942	06:20	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert south of ChuhuivШаблон:Sfn	?	2 September 1942	06:38	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert north of HrebinkaШаблон:Sfn
56	29 May 1942	16:13	Yak-4	Шаблон:Convert east of ChuhuivШаблон:Sfn	?	7 September 1942	16:41	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert northeast of OrlowkaШаблон:Sfn
57	29 May 1942	16:15	Yak-4	Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of ChuhuivШаблон:Sfn	67	10 December 1942	07:40	Il-2	north of Pitomnik AirfieldШаблон:Sfn
58	26 June 1942	08:54	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		68	10 December 1942	08:44	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Pitomnik AirfieldШаблон:Sfn
59	1 July 1942	12:32	MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn		69	10 December 1942	08:50	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert east of KriwomusginskajaШаблон:Sfn
60	5 July 1942	18:27	BostonШаблон:Sfn		70	11 December 1942	09:40	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Pitomnik AirfieldШаблон:Sfn
61	5 July 1942	18:30	BostonШаблон:Sfn		71	11 December 1942	10:45	La-5	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Pitomik AirfieldШаблон:Sfn
62	11 July 1942	03:23	Boston	Nishne KisljayШаблон:Sfn	72	11 December 1942	11:53	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert east of Pitomik AirfieldШаблон:Sfn
63	28 July 1942	09:03	LaGG-3	northeast of KalachШаблон:Sfn	73	19 December 1942	11:10	Boston	Шаблон:Convert southeast of BokorskajaШаблон:Sfn
64	3 August 1942	11:40	MiG-3	east of KalachШаблон:Sfn	74	28 December 1942	10:40	Yak-1	north of ChernyshkovskyШаблон:Sfn
65	9 August 1942	18:27	Il-2	PQ 3936Шаблон:Sfn	75	28 December 1942	14:05	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of MorozovskayaШаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 4 February – 31 May 1943
76	12 February 1943	11:18	Il-2	east of SlovianskШаблон:Sfn	79	22 March 1943	12:13	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert south of RostovШаблон:Sfn
77	12 February 1943	11:20	Il-2	east of SlovianskШаблон:Sfn	80?	1 April 1943	08:32	MiG-3	PQ 35 Ost 91321, MenshulinШаблон:Sfn
78	6 March 1943	10:05	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert north of AndreyevkaШаблон:Sfn
– Stab VI. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Mediterranean theater – 1 July – 28 September 1943
81	19 July 1943	15:10	Spitfire	TroinaШаблон:Sfn Sicily	82	21 August 1943	14:14	B-24	Шаблон:Convert east of MarcianiseШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Pomigliano d'Arco
– Stab VI. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Defense of the Reich – 28 September – 31 December 1943
83	19 December 1943	12:24?Шаблон:Refn	B-17	south of InnsbruckШаблон:Sfn

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 3.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn
• German Cross in Gold on 19 September 1942 as Oberleutnant in the 8./Jagdgeschwader 3Шаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

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