Английская Википедия:Franz Mayer of Munich

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Window by Franz Mayer & Co. for St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church in Charleston, South Carolina, USA

Franz Mayer of Munich is a German stained glass design and manufacturing company, based in Munich, Germany and a major exponent of the Munich style of stained glass, that has been active throughout most of the world for over 170 years. The firm was popular during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and was the principal provider of stained glass to the large Roman Catholic churches that were constructed throughout the world during that period. Franz Mayer of Munich were stained glass artists to the Holy See and consequently were popular with Roman Catholic clients.[1] The family business is nowadays managed by the fifth generation and works in conjunction with renowned artists around the world.

History

Файл:Monaghan Saint Macartan's Cathedral Window Patrons of Ireland Detail Saint Patrick 2013 09 21.jpg
Saint Patrick, Monaghan Cathedral
Файл:StM-window.jpg
Great window in the choir gallery of St. Mary – St. Catherine of Siena Parish (Charlestown, MA, USA)

Founder – Joseph Gabriel Mayer

In 1847, Joseph Gabriel Mayer (1808–1883) founded the “Institute for Christian Art“ in Munich, to make ecclesiastical furnishings.[2] Royal commissions for the Cologne and Regensburg cathedrals drew Mayer to create a stained glass department in 1860. In 1865 a branch was opened in London, and in 1888 in New York City.[3]

"Stylistically, Mayer's windows tend to contain richly colored scenes bordered by architectural frames consisting of pilasters, columns, architrave and elaborate canopies."[4] It represents an aesthetic that was evidently prized in its time for its craftsmanship and opulence as well as for its ability to engage the viewer emotionally and spiritually.[4]

Broadly speaking, the Munich Pictorial Style is Romantic and "owed much to the revival of religious painting – especially fresco painting in the tradition of the Italian Renaissance masters, especially Masaccio, Raphael, and Michelangelo – in Germany early in the 19th-century."[4] "The studio often incorporated imagery from Great Master paintings as well as compositions of the nineteenth century, a standard practice in public decorative work of the era. For example, a window in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Charleston, South Carolina, installed in 1907 or 1925–26, shows the Transfiguration of Christ modeled after the 1517 painting by Raphael in the Vatican."[5]

2nd Generation

  • Joseph Leonhard Mayer(1846–1898), sculptor and artistic director
  • Franz Borghias Mayer(1848–1926), artist and councilor of commerce

In 1882 the company was awarded the status of “Royal Bavarian Art Establishment“ by King Ludwig the II. In 1892, Pope Leo XIII named the company a “Pontifical Institute of Christian Art“.[3] "Munich glass windows could be imported as art, i.e., glass “paintings” and—exempt from a high tariff on imported “raw” glass ... the broad aesthetic appeal, economic advantage, and papal approval made Munich glass windows the overwhelming choice among Roman Catholics in the United States."[6]

3rd Generation – between two wars

  • Anton Mayer(1886–1967), academic painter
  • Karl Mayer (1889–1971), poet and merchant
  • Adalbert Mayer (1894–1987), businessman and strategist

In 1919 the company became a workshop for free artists such as Karl Knappe. In 1922 the neighboring properties on Seidlstraße 25/27 were purchased. The new building by the architect Theodor Fischer serves as today's company headquarters. In the years following 1933, the Mayer brothers successfully remain untangled with the affairs of the NSDAP. In 1939 the companies Mayer and Zettler combined, but production ground to a halt in 1941. In 1944 the staff had decreased from an original 500 to fewer than 20 employees.

Rapid renovations followed the war. Many of Munich's cathedral windows were restored by the company, such as the windows of the Munich Frauenkirche. In 1961, Karl Knappe designed a mosaic for the Assumption of Mary Cathedral, Hiroshima.

4th Generation – transition to international artist workshop

  • Konrad Mayer(1923–2012), son of Karl Mayer
  • Gabriel Mayer(born 1938), son of Adalbert Mayer

In 1953, Konrad Mayer took over the representation in South America. From 1970 on, Gabriel Mayer pushed architecture-related works and the Middle East market, resulting in the realization of the Heart Tent by Bettina and Frei Otto at the Diplomatic Club Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In 1988 Gabriel Mayer founded a new workshop in New York with the focus on public art. From the 1990s many projects with artist Brian Clarke were realized, in Rio de Janeiro, New York and more.

In 2013 Gabriel Mayer pulled back from the company's management board. In 2016 he was awarded the Bavarian Culture Prize together with Charlotte Knobloch.[7]

5th Generation – present

  • Michael Claudius Mayer (born 1967), mosaicist and businessman
  • Petra Wilma Mayer (born 1964), Architect (TUM)

Since 1994 the couple collaborated on Munich projects such as the Herz-Jesu-Kirche (1996), Fünf Höfe (2001) and Path of memory, Ohel Jakob synagogue (2005). Around the turn of the millennium, Gabriel and Michael Mayer revived the traditional stained-glass Munich/Mayer Style and thus the DNA of the house. The float glass department was newly constructed. In 2014 the company opened an office at New York City. In 2018 Petra Mayer founded the Chamber of Wonders, featuring editions and selected pieces from a selection of worldwide artist friends. In the same year, Franz Mayer of Munich realized a 400m2 mosaic for the New York City metro station World Trade Center station (PATH) with the artist Ann Hamilton.

Mayer's commissions include over seventy-six cathedrals, twenty-six of them in the United States.

Along with the stained glass, about half of the company's work is in mosaics. In the fifties and sixties, Mayer developed their own fibre-glass mesh. Adhesives have also been developed to the firm's own specifications. The company provides installation and curatorial services.[8]

Nowadays the company fabricates and realizes mosaic and glass projects in collaboration with renowned artists, such as Georg Baselitz, Kiki Smith, Shahzia Sikander, Brian Clarke, Doug and Mike Starn, Ellsworth Kelly, Jani Leinonen, JR, William Wegman, Nick Cave, Sean Scully, Jan Hendrix, Peter Beard or Vik Muniz.

List of Works

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Canada Шаблон:Colbegin

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Chile

England

France

New Zealand

Northern Ireland

Pakistan

Republic of Ireland Шаблон:Colbegin

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Scotland

United States

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See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

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  1. ↑ Gerry Convery. “Poetry in Stone: Sacred Heart Church.” (Omagh: Drumragh RC Parish, 1999), p.120.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Raguin, Virginia Chieffo. Stained Glass: From Its Origins to the Present, 2003, pp. 205-210
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ The window dedicated to Edward Boyle over the high altar, the finest in the church, was designed and executed at a cost of £600. The window was refurbished between 1938–1948. The stained glass in the side chapels was also their work and mostly donated by the “Broderick Family of New York and Brooklyn,” as well as other families in New York City and St. Louis, Missouri. Gerry Convery. “Poetry in Stone: Sacred Heart Church.” (Omagh: Drumragh RC Parish, 1999), p. 120.
  11. ↑ Mayer & Co. also provided the Stations of the Cross at a cost of £35 each for a total of £490. These were refurbished and repainted in 1998 by Irish Contract Seating, Dromod, Co. Leitrim. Gerry Convery. “Poetry in Stone: Sacred Heart Church.” (Omagh: Drumragh RC Parish, 1999). p.122.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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