Английская Википедия:Franz Schieß

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person Franz Schieß (21 February 1921 – 2 September 1943) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace. He claimed 67 victories in 657 missions, (14 on the Eastern Front, and 53 against the Western Allies) whilst flying the Messerschmitt Bf 109.

Career

Schieß, also known as Franz Schiehs, was born on 25 February 1921 in Wörth, part of Sankt Pölten, in Lower Austria.Шаблон:Sfn During the Polish campaign, he saw service in the Army before transferring to the Luftwaffe and undergoing fighter pilot training in 1940. Schieß was posted to the Geschwaderstab (Headquarters) of Jagdgeschwader 53, based on the Channel front in March 1941, then served, from December 1941, as Geschwader Adjutant. Staying there for nearly two years, he established a close friendship with the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn.Шаблон:Sfn

On 22 June 1941, the opening day of Operation Barbarossa, Schieß scored his first victories destroying an Polikarpov I-153 biplane fighter and an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber.Шаблон:Sfn The members of his Staffel called him "Nawratil", after his radio call sign name. After achieving 14 kills on the Eastern Front he was withdrawn in August, along with the rest of JG 53.

Malta and North Africa

The ground personnel of JG 53 began their relocation to Sicily in late November 1941. The Geschwaderstab followed on 13 December via Mannheim-Sandhofen, Munich-Riem, Naples, finally arriving at Comiso Airfield on 15 December.Шаблон:Sfn Operating from Sicily, Schieß flew sorties over Malta scoring 11 victories. Throughout 1942, and re-equipped with the new Bf 109G-2, he outscored his Geschwaderkommodore.Шаблон:Sfn In November, the Stab flight itself transferred to Tunisia, where Schieß continued his success, gaining a further 13 victories, including a B-17 four-engined bomber on 29 January 1943 (36th v.)

Leutnant Schieß was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 23 January 1943 as a member of Stab/JG 53.Шаблон:Sfn

Squadron leader

On 16 February 1943, the now Oberleutnant Schieß was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8. Staffel of JG 53. He succeeded Oberleutnant Jürgen Harder who had been transferred.Шаблон:Sfn He was regarded as one of the most enthusiastic and aggressive pilots in the Mediterranean theatre, and often flew the escort missions for the Ju 52 transports as they tried to evacuate personnel out of Africa. On 18 April he shot down a Spitfire (for his 43rd victory), but nevertheless 24 heavy-laden transports were shot down and a further 35 damaged, in what became known as the "Palm Sunday Massacre".Шаблон:Sfn

Even when his unit was evacuated back to Sicily after the fall of Tunis in April 1943, he still flew over to Tunisia each day doing combat missions before returning to Sicily each night, writing home of "wonderful aerial combats".Шаблон:Sfn He went on to score 29 victories as leader of 8./JG 53Шаблон:Sfn and reached 50 kills shooting down a P-38 over the sea south of Sicily on 21 May. Schieß was awarded the Knight's Cross on 21 June for 55 victories and then was sent on leave for 2 months, thereby missing the air battles over the invasion of Sicily. Returning to 8./JG 53 in mid-August, his unit was now flying out of southern Italy against the Allies, who were mounting a concerted campaign to destroy the transport net prior to an invasion of the Italian mainland. Schieß shot down 12 enemy aircraft in 11 days, of which seven were P-38 twin-engine fighters. Together with Harder of III./JG 53, Schieß was promoted to the rank of Hauptmann (captain) on 1 September 1943.Шаблон:Sfn

Death

The next day, on 2 September 1943, Schieß led a scramble against a USAAF North American B-25 Mitchell bomber formation attacking rail marshalling yards at Cancello, Naples. His unit engaged the fighter escort of P-38 Lightnings. Unable to break through the fighter screen to attack the bombers, he followed the force back over the Gulf of Salerno.Шаблон:Sfn His final battle took place over the island of Ischia; at around 13:45, the pilots heard Franz Schieß radio: "At them again, everyone get ready!" At the time, the formation was Шаблон:Convert southwest of Ischia when Hauptmann Schieß's wingman was forced away by two Lightnings and lost sight of his Staffelkapitän.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Ten of the P-38s were shot down, but Schieß's Bf 109 G-6 "Black 1 + I" (Werknummer 160 022—factory number) crashed into the Mediterranean Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ischia in the Gulf of Salerno.Шаблон:Sfn Though not witnessed, he was probably shot down by a P-38.Шаблон:Sfn

On September 27 Günther von Maltzahn wrote to Schieß's parents expressing the close friendship they shared:Шаблон:Sfn

I ask that you and your husband accept my and my Geschwader's most sincere and heartfelt sympathy on the unspeakably hard stroke of fate which befell your son Franz.

I can sympathize with how hard it must be to come to terms with thoughts that you will never see your son Franz again in this life. One could not have wished for a better officer. Not only did there exist a comradeship and a mutual trust between Kommodore and adjutant that was tested in far more than 100 air battles, but in him I lost my best friend, on whom I could depend no matter what the situation.

He is credited with 67 aerial victories in 657 missions. Among those were 17 P-38 Lightnings, making him the highest scoring "Lightning-Killer" of the war.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Schieß was credited with 67 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists Schieß with 67 aerial victories claimed in 540 combat missions. This figure includes 13 aerial victories in North Africa, a further 40 aerial victories in the Mediterranean theater and 14 more on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 68 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This number includes 14 claims on the Eastern Front and 54 over the Western Allies, including three four-engined bombers.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 6 August 1941
1	22 June 1941	07:25	I-153	northwest of KobrynШаблон:Sfn	8	14 July 1941	11:00	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn
2	22 June 1941	16:35	DB-3	Biała PodlaskaШаблон:Sfn	9	20 July 1941	17:52	I-15Шаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Uman
3	24 June 1941	10:00	SB-2	northwest of KobrynШаблон:Sfn	10	23 July 1941	06:33	I-16Шаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Uman
4	24 June 1941	10:10	SB-2	vicinity of KobrynШаблон:Sfn	11	24 July 1941	11:45	I-16Шаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Uman
5	29 June 1941	19:55	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Bobruysk	12	25 July 1941	18:14	I-15	northeast of Bila TserkvaШаблон:Sfn
6	6 July 1941	14:05	DB-3	east of PolonneШаблон:Sfn	13	26 July 1941	11:00	V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn
7	7 July 1941	06:15	SB-3	east of PolonneШаблон:Sfn	14	29 July 1941	17:02	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Mediterranean Theater — 15 December 1941 – 31 December 1942
15	25 January 1942	10:49	Hurricane	south of MaltaШаблон:Sfn south of La Valletta	24	17 October 1942	13:41?Шаблон:Refn	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert north of La VallettaШаблон:Sfn
16	24 February 1942	16:00	HurricaneШаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Malta	25	17 November 1942	13:37	Spitfire	Bône harbourШаблон:Sfn
17	15 June 1942	15:15	Beaufighter	west of LinosaШаблон:Sfn	26	25 November 1942	12:00	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Majaz al BabШаблон:Sfn
18	7 July 1942	10:47	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Malta	27	3 December 1942	11:41	P-38	La Garaet AchkilШаблон:Sfn
19	9 July 1942	12:20	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Malta	28	4 December 1942	16:04	Boston	Шаблон:Convert south of JefnaШаблон:Sfn
20	14 July 1942	10:32	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Zonqor Point Malta	29	5 December 1942	15:40	P-38	Шаблон:Convert west of Djebel AbiodШаблон:Sfn
21	18 July 1942	14:33	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert north of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	5 December 1942	15:42	P-38	west of Djebel AbiodШаблон:Sfn
22	26 August 1942	13:17	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert south of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn	30	6 December 1942	15:58	Dragonfly	Шаблон:Convert south of Djebel AbiodШаблон:Sfn
23	11 October 1942	14:35	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Malta	31	18 December 1942	11:08	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert west of JefnaШаблон:Sfn
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Mediterranean Theater — 1 January – 15 February 1943
32	2 January 1943	09:07	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert east of BôneШаблон:Sfn	35	17 January 1943	14:00	P-38	Шаблон:Convert northeast of BéjaШаблон:Sfn
33	4 January 1943	12:23	P-40	Шаблон:Convert southwest of SbeitlaШаблон:Sfn southwest of Pichon	36	29 January 1943	11:10	B-17	Шаблон:Convert northeast of BéjaШаблон:Sfn
34	16 January 1943	13:48	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of TebourbaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Mateur	37	29 January 1943	11:30	P-38	Шаблон:Convert northeast of Bou AradaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Mateur
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –Шаблон:Sfn Mediterranean Theater — 16 February – 2 September 1943
38	26 February 1943	17:02	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert north of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn	54	11 June 1943	15:37	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert northwest of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn
39	25 March 1943	09:44	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert northwest of La ValettaШаблон:Sfn	55	25 June 1943	12:13	B-17	Шаблон:Convert south of StromboliШаблон:Sfn
40	5 April 1943	19:00	Spitfire	southwest of BéjaШаблон:Sfn	56	19 August 1943	12:20	B-17	Шаблон:Convert southeast of BeneventoШаблон:Sfn
41	11 April 1943	09:59	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert north of MateurШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Tunis	57	20 August 1943	12:43	P-38	Шаблон:Convert north of GrazzaniseШаблон:Sfn
42	17 April 1943	19:14	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert north of Medjez el BabШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Cap Vito	58	21 August 1943	13:04	B-26	Шаблон:Convert west of CapuaШаблон:Sfn
43	18 April 1943	18:07	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert southwest of MateurШаблон:Sfn	59	22 August 1943	12:17	B-26	Шаблон:Convert southwest of CapriШаблон:Sfn
44	29 April 1943	16:02	P-38	Шаблон:Convert north of Cape FarinaШаблон:Sfn	60	23 August 1943	11:30	Catalina	south of CapriШаблон:Sfn
45	8 May 1943	18:45	P-40	Шаблон:Convert southeast of Cape BonШаблон:Sfn	?Шаблон:Refn	26 August 1943	12:52	B-26
46	8 May 1943	19:00	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northeast of ZembraШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Kelebia	61	26 August 1943	12:52?Шаблон:Refn	P-38	Шаблон:Convert south of GaetaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Grazzanise
?	11 May 1943	12:25	P-40	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Marsala	62	27 August 1943	12:39?Шаблон:Refn	B-25	Шаблон:Convert northeast of CapuaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Benevento
47	18 May 1943	14:15	P-38	northwest of TrapaniШаблон:Sfn	63	27 August 1943	12:51?Шаблон:Refn	P-38	Шаблон:Convert west of BeneventoШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Capri
49	19 May 1943	13:47	P-38	Шаблон:Convert west of MarettimoШаблон:Sfn	64	28 August 1943	15:43	P-38	Шаблон:Convert east of AltamuraШаблон:Sfn east of Castel Volturno
50	21 May 1943	11:24	P-38	Шаблон:Convert north of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn	65	28 August 1943	15:51?Шаблон:Refn	P-38	east of Castel VolturnoШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Albaccora
51	25 May 1943	11:03?Шаблон:Refn	P-38	Шаблон:Convert northwest of TrapaniШаблон:Sfn	66	30 August 1943	12:06	P-38	southwest of Castel VolturnoШаблон:Sfn
52	6 June 1943	06:42	Boston	Шаблон:Convert northwest of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn	67	30 August 1943	12:15	P-38	southwest of Castel VolturnoШаблон:Sfn
53	10 June 1943	15:50	P-40	Шаблон:Convert west of PantelleriaШаблон:Sfn

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
• Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 7 September 1942 as Leutnant and pilotШаблон:Sfn
• German Cross in Gold on 23 January 1943 as Leutnant in Stab/Jagdgeschwader 53Шаблон:Sfn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 June 1943 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 53Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

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• Smith, J.Richard & Pegg, Martin (2003). Jagdwaffe Vol 3, Sec3: War over the Desert June 1940 – June 1942 Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Шаблон:ISBN
• Roba, Jean-Louis & Pegg, Martin (2003). Jagdwaffe Vol 4, Sec2: The Mediterranean 1942 – 1943 Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Шаблон:ISBN including colour profile of aircraft (p. 167)
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