Английская Википедия:Fraubrunnen
Fraubrunnen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.[1]
History
Fraubrunnen is first mentioned in 1267 as Frouwenbrunnen.[2] There are Hallstatt era tumuli (burial mounds) in the Rüdtligenwald and Binelwald near Fraubrunnen. In the middle of the 13th Century, Fraubrunnen Abbey was founded by Cistercian nuns. For a time the Abbey was a powerful landholder in the area that is now the District of Fraubrunnen. However, in 1528 the Abbey was secularization during the Protestant Reformation.
In 1798, Napoleon's troops invaded Switzerland. In response, Bern sent an army northward towards the French. On 5 March 1798 Bernese troops encountered the French near Fraubrunnen. The battle between 35,000 French soldier and 20,000 Bernese soldiers ended in a decisive victory for the French. This defeat, lead to the capitulation of the Bernese Ancien Régime.[3]
Geography
Fraubrunnen has an area of Шаблон:Swiss area.Шаблон:Swiss area data Before the merger, Шаблон:Convert or 52.8% was used for agricultural purposes, while Шаблон:Convert or 38.6% was forested. Of the rest of the land, Шаблон:Convert or 7.7% was settled (buildings or roads), Шаблон:Convert or 0.9% was either rivers or lakes.[4]
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.3%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 46.2% is used for growing crops and 6.2% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[4]
The municipality is located in the Urtenen river valley. It consists of the village of Fraubrunnen and the hamlets of Binel, Bischof, Unterberg and Tubenmoos.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Fraubrunnen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.[5]
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Bendlet Or between two Lions passant of the same.[6]
Demographics
Fraubrunnen has a population (Шаблон:As of) of Шаблон:Swiss populations.Шаблон:Swiss populations ref Шаблон:As of, 5.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[7] Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 11.9%. Migration accounted for 5.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 5.2%.[8]
Most of the population (Шаблон:As of) speaks German (1,534 or 95.5%) as their first language, French is the second most common (13 or 0.8%) and Italian is the third (10 or 0.6%).[9]
Шаблон:As of, the population was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The population was made up of 823 Swiss men (46.4% of the population) and 49 (2.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 846 Swiss women (47.7%) and 56 (3.2%) non-Swiss women.[7] Of the population in the municipality, 315 or about 19.6% were born in Fraubrunnen and lived there in 2000. There were 772 or 48.0% who were born in the same canton, while 356 or 22.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 114 or 7.1% were born outside of Switzerland.[9]
Шаблон:As of, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 23.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.6%.[8]
Шаблон:As of, there were 660 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 841 married individuals, 51 widows or widowers and 55 individuals who are divorced.[9]
Шаблон:As of, there were 138 households that consist of only one person and 47 households with five or more people. Шаблон:As of, a total of 613 apartments (92.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 24 apartments (3.6%) were seasonally occupied and 23 apartments (3.5%) were empty.[10] Шаблон:As of, the construction rate of new housing units was 3.9 new units per 1000 residents.[8] The vacancy rate for the municipality, Шаблон:As of, was 0.38%.
Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:[2][11] <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width: auto height:500 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:35 bottom:90 right:35 Legend = columns:3 left:20 top:70 columnwidth:160 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:4600 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 Colors=
id:BU value:yellowgreen legend:Büren_zum_Hof id:ET value:green legend:Etzelkofen id:GR value:blue legend:Grafenried id:LI value:red legend:Limpach id:MU value:yellow legend:Mülchi id:SC value:orange legend:Schalunen id:ZA value:coral legend:Zauggenried id:FR value:powderblue legend:Fraubrunnen
PlotData=
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304 till:590 text:"286" color:ET bar:1900 from: 319 till:594 text:"275" color:ET bar:1910 from: 297 till:572 text:"275" color:ET bar:1920 from: 282 till:542 text:"260" color:ET bar:1930 from: 323 till:583 text:"260" color:ET bar:1940 from: 333 till:586 text:"253" color:ET bar:1950 from: 339 till:606 text:"267" color:ET bar:1960 from: 320 till:592 text:"272" color:ET bar:1970 from: 345 till:601 text:"256" color:ET bar:1980 from: 378 till:621 text:"243" color:ET bar:1990 from: 380 till:692 text:"312" color:ET bar:2000 from: 431 till:789 text:"358" color:ET bar:1850 from: 810 till:1450 text:"640" color:GR bar:1860 from: 728 till:1367 text:"639" color:GR bar:1870 from: 679 till:1321 text:"642" color:GR bar:1880 from: 636 till:1270 text:"634" color:GR bar:1890 from: 590 till:1207 text:"617" color:GR bar:1900 from: 594 till:1150 text:"556" color:GR bar:1910 from: 572 till:1098 text:"526" color:GR bar:1920 from: 542 till:1144 text:"602" color:GR bar:1930 from: 583 till:1235 text:"652" color:GR bar:1940 from: 586 till:1229 text:"643" color:GR bar:1950 from: 606 till:1298 text:"692" color:GR bar:1960 from: 592 till:1282 text:"690" color:GR bar:1970 from: 601 till:1318 text:"717" color:GR bar:1980 from: 621 till:1269 text:"648" color:GR bar:1990 from: 692 till:1433 text:"741" color:GR bar:2000 from: 789 till:1688 text:"899" color:GR bar:1850 from: 1450 till:1876 text:"426" color:LI bar:1860 from: 1367 till:1808 text:"441" color:LI bar:1870 from: 1321 till:1795 text:"474" color:LI bar:1880 from: 1270 till:1745 text:"475" color:LI bar:1890 from: 1207 till:1665 text:"458" color:LI bar:1900 from: 1150 till:1557 text:"407" color:LI bar:1910 from: 1098 till:1522 text:"424" color:LI bar:1920 from: 1144 till:1564 text:"420" color:LI bar:1930 from: 1235 till:1635 text:"400" color:LI bar:1940 from: 1229 till:1608 text:"379" color:LI bar:1950 from: 1298 till:1694 text:"396" color:LI bar:1960 from: 1282 till:1644 text:"362" color:LI bar:1970 from: 1318 till:1656 text:"338" color:LI bar:1980 from: 1269 till:1581 text:"312" color:LI bar:1990 from: 1433 till:1743 text:"310" color:LI bar:2000 from: 1688 till:2004 text:"316" color:LI bar:1850 from: 1876 till:2256 text:"380" color:MU bar:1860 from: 1808 till:2147 text:"339" color:MU bar:1870 from: 1795 till:2105 text:"310" color:MU bar:1880 from: 1745 till:2051 text:"306" color:MU bar:1890 from: 1665 till:1991 text:"326" color:MU bar:1900 from: 1557 till:1839 text:"282" color:MU bar:1910 from: 1522 till:1828 text:"306" color:MU bar:1920 from: 1564 till:1847 text:"283" color:MU bar:1930 from: 1635 till:1914 text:"279" color:MU bar:1940 from: 1608 till:1890 text:"282" color:MU bar:1950 from: 1694 till:1989 text:"295" color:MU bar:1960 from: 1644 till:1916 text:"272" color:MU bar:1970 from: 1656 till:1909 text:"253" color:MU bar:1980 from: 1581 till:1808 text:"227" color:MU bar:1990 from: 1743 till:1957 text:"214" color:MU bar:2000 from: 2004 till:2249 text:"245" color:MU bar:1850 from: 2256 till:2391 text:"135" color:SC bar:1860 from: 2147 till:2287 text:"140" color:SC bar:1870 from: 2105 till:2240 text:"135" color:SC bar:1880 from: 2051 till:2182 text:"131" color:SC bar:1890 from: 1991 till:2100 text:"109" color:SC bar:1900 from: 1839 till:1960 text:"121" color:SC bar:1910 from: 1828 till:1967 text:"139" color:SC bar:1920 from: 1847 till:2021 text:"174" color:SC bar:1930 from: 1914 till:2077 text:"163" color:SC bar:1940 from: 1890 till:2066 text:"176" color:SC bar:1950 from: 1989 till:2182 text:"193" color:SC bar:1960 from: 1916 till:2076 text:"160" color:SC bar:1970 from: 1909 till:2047 text:"138" color:SC bar:1980 from: 1808 till:2063 text:"255" color:SC bar:1990 from: 1957 till:2301 text:"344" color:SC bar:2000 from: 2249 till:2599 text:"350" color:SC bar:1850 from: 2391 till:2768 text:"377" color:ZA bar:1860 from: 2287 till:2642 text:"355" color:ZA bar:1870 from: 2240 till:2573 text:"333" color:ZA bar:1880 from: 2182 till:2531 text:"349" color:ZA bar:1890 from: 2100 till:2427 text:"327" color:ZA bar:1900 from: 1960 till:2315 text:"355" color:ZA bar:1910 from: 1967 till:2290 text:"323" color:ZA bar:1920 from: 2021 till:2352 text:"331" color:ZA bar:1930 from: 2077 till:2396 text:"319" color:ZA bar:1940 from: 2066 till:2400 text:"334" color:ZA bar:1950 from: 2182 till:2511 text:"329" color:ZA bar:1960 from: 2076 till:2436 text:"360" color:ZA bar:1970 from: 2047 till:2386 text:"339" color:ZA bar:1980 from: 2063 till:2351 text:"288" color:ZA bar:1990 from: 2301 till:2594 text:"293" color:ZA bar:2000 from: 2599 till:2900 text:"301" color:ZA bar:1850 from: 2768 till:3293 text:"525" color:FR bar:1860 from: 2642 till:3153 text:"511" color:FR bar:1870 from: 2573 till:3092 text:"519" color:FR bar:1880 from: 2531 till:3023 text:"492" color:FR bar:1890 from: 2427 till:2885 text:"458" color:FR bar:1900 from: 2315 till:2771 text:"456" color:FR bar:1910 from: 2290 till:2705 text:"415" color:FR bar:1920 from: 2352 till:2847 text:"495" color:FR bar:1930 from: 2396 till:2870 text:"474" color:FR bar:1940 from: 2400 till:2918 text:"518" color:FR bar:1950 from: 2511 till:3149 text:"638" color:FR bar:1960 from: 2436 till:3070 text:"634" color:FR bar:1970 from: 2386 till:3112 text:"726" color:FR bar:1980 from: 2351 till:3302 text:"951" color:FR bar:1990 from: 2594 till:4087 text:"1,493" color:FR bar:2000 from: 2900 till:4507 text:"1,607" color:FR
</timeline>
Heritage sites of national significance
The Swiss Reformed church in Limpach is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire villages of Büren zum Hof, Limpach and Mülchi are designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[12]
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) which received 26.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Swiss People's Party (SVP) (22.7%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (16.7%) and the Green Party (9.3%). In the federal election, a total of 807 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 60.3%.[13]
Economy
Шаблон:As of, Fraubrunnen had an unemployment rate of 1.54%. Шаблон:As of, there were a total of 481 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 23 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 206 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 15 businesses in this sector. 252 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 50 businesses in this sector.[8] There were 880 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.5% of the workforce.
Шаблон:As of there were a total of 403 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 18, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 194 of which 185 or (95.4%) were in manufacturing and 9 (4.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 191. In the tertiary sector; 30 or 15.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 15 or 7.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 12 or 6.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 12 or 6.3% were in the information industry, 5 or 2.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 28 or 14.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 30 or 15.7% were in education and 7 or 3.7% were in health care.[14]
Шаблон:As of, there were 334 workers who commuted into the municipality and 663 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[15] Of the working population, 35.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 40.7% used a private car.[8]
Religion
From the Шаблон:As of, 204 or 12.7% were Roman Catholic, while 1,185 or 73.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.19% of the population), and there were 104 individuals (or about 6.47% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 36 (or about 2.24% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist, 9 individuals who were Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 70 (or about 4.36% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 44 individuals (or about 2.74% of the population) did not answer the question.[9]
Education
In Fraubrunnen about 659 or (41.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 275 or (17.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 275 who completed tertiary schooling, 74.9% were Swiss men, 20.7% were Swiss women, 3.3% were non-Swiss men.[9]
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[16]
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 332 students attending classes in Fraubrunnen. There were 3 kindergarten classes with a total of 49 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 7 primary classes and 124 students. Of the primary students, 7.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 8.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 9 lower secondary classes with a total of 159 students. There were 3.8% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language.[17]
Шаблон:As of, there were 125 students in Fraubrunnen who came from another municipality, while 56 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[15]
Notable residents
- Adolf Ogi (born 18 July 1944), a former prime minister of Switzerland (1993 and 2000) currently lives in Fraubrunnen.
Literature
- Leuzinger, Jürg, Das Zisterzienserinnenkloster Fraubrunnen. Von der Gründung bis zur Reformation 1246-1528 (Bern u.a., Peter Lang, 2008) (Europäische Hochschulschriften, Reihe 3: Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften, 1028).
References
External links
Шаблон:Municipalities of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland
- ↑ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Шаблон:In lang accessed 13 December 2014
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:HDS
- ↑ Шаблон:HDS
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Шаблон:In lang accessed 25 March 2010
- ↑ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Шаблон:In lang accessed 4 April 2011
- ↑ Flags of the World.com accessed 28-December-2012
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Statistical office of the Canton of Bern Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 4 January 2012
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 28 December 2012
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 2 February 2011
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 28 January 2011
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 29 January 2011
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 8 May 2012
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 28 January 2011
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 24 June 2010
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
- ↑ Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document Шаблон:WebarchiveШаблон:In lang accessed 4 January 2012
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