Английская Википедия:Frederick S. Holmes

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Frederick S. Holmes was an American safe and vault engineer, and inventor who designed the largest vaults in the world. During his career, Holmes designed hundreds of vaults throughout the United States, Canada and Japan from 1895 to 1941. The majority of Holmes designed vaults are located in New York's Financial District; many are publicly accessible and in buildings on the National Register of Historic Places. His name is engraved on the builder's plaques, typically located on the encased jamb controls of these vaults.

Файл:Vault Door Combination Viewer.jpg

Encased controls with viewer on the vault door jamb

Holmes' vault designs evolved over time to keep up with attacks from safe-crackers or 'Yeggmen' adept at vault penetration. A Holmes advertisement from 1921 reads, "Newly discovered methods of attack necessitate radical departures from hitherto accepted standards of design". Holmes specialized in jamb-controlled vaults where the combination locks and bolt-throwing mechanism are located inside the vault creating a solid vault door with no spindle holes. Entry requires two points of attack (door and jamb), which doubles the time required for burglars to breach the vault.

In recognition of their significant contributions to the field of bank vault engineering, a tribute was written in The Journal of the Franklin Institute, “Coincident with the modern development of the safe and bank vault industry was that of the profession of the Bank Vault Engineer. The industry owes much of its progress to the work done by the pioneers of this profession: William H. Hollar, John M. Mossman, George L. Damon, Emil A. Strauss, Frederick S. Holmes, Benjamin F. Tripp, and George L. Remington.”

Holmes collaborated with prominent architects such as Cass Gilbert and Alfred Bossom and leading vault builders including Bethlehem Steel, Carnegie Steel, Damon Safe & Iron Works, Diebold, Herring-Hall-Marvin, J&J Taylor, LH Miller Safe & Iron Works, Mosler Safe, Remington & Sherman, and York Safe & Lock.

Career

1879 to 1883 (4 years)	1883 to 1887 (4 years)	1887 to 1891 (4 years)	1891 to 1895 (4 years)	1895 to 1900 (5 years)	1900 to 1904 (4 years)	1904 to 1941 (37 years)
Pattern Maker and Machinist	Mechanical Draftsman	General Superintendent for Chicago Safe & Lock in Chicago, IL	General Superintendent for Damon Safe & Iron Works in Boston, MA and Philadelphia, PA	Co-Owner / Bank Vault Engineer at Hoyer & Holmes, a Partnership with Isaiah W. Hoyer in Philadelphia, PA	Bank Vault Engineer for John M. Mossman	Owner / Bank Vault Engineer at Frederick. S. Holmes, a private practice in New York, NY. Bank Vault Engineer was his most commonly used title, but similar combinations were used in his published works and advertisements

Файл:Typical Frederick S. Holmes Builder's Plaque.png

A typical builder's plaque located on the encased jamb controls.

Published works

Includes Holmes articles, copyrights, court testimony, interviews, patents, and speeches (chronological order)

Year	Item
1890	Patent - US Patent 438,236 Electric Safe Lock (electric controlled combination locks) with William H. Hollar
1891	Patent - US Patent 459,226 Safe or Vault (soft metal joint packing) Signature Witness for William H. Hollar
1892	Patent - US Patent 467,465 Electric Lock (electric controlled combination locks)
1892	Patent - US Patent 477,897 Electric Lock (electric controlled combination locks) with William H. Hollar
1892	Patent - US Patent 477,898 Electric Lock (electric controlled combination locks) with William H. Hollar
1896	Patent - US Patent 557,389 Removable Sill for Vaults or Safes
1899	Patent - US Patent 620,073 Safe (drill resisting construction) Assignor to William H. Hollar
1905	Article - The Design and Construction of Modern Bank Vaults
1908	Patent - US Patent 901,710 Movable Ventilator for Vaults with George L. Damon
1910	Court Testimony - Mosler Safe Co. vs. Maiden Ln Safe Deposit Co. (trial witness)
1911	Article - Vault Building - The Backward State of the Art, the Reason and the Remedy
1911	Article - Vault Building Problems
1911	Article - Why Insure Against Anything that Never Happens?
1912	Article - A Renaissance of Vault Design
1912	Article - Uncle Sam to Build the World's Largest Treasure Vault
1912	Interview - World’s Largest Treasure Vault (P. Harvey Middleton interview)
1913	Article - That $70,000 New York Bank Vault Robbery
1913	Article - Vaults - A Criticism
1916	Article - Modern Practice in the Design of Bank Vaults Part 1 - Protective Principles and Construction Methods
1916	Article - Modern Practice in the Design of Bank Vaults Part 2 - The Requirements of Small Banks
1916	Speech - New Vault Construction to Resist the Cutter-Burner (NY State Safe Deposit Association Convention speech)
1916	Article - Reliability in Vaults and Safes
1916	Article - The Construction of Bank Vaults (a synopsis of the Brickbuilder articles listed above)
1917	Article - A New Concrete for Bank Vaults (describes Holmes's testing methods)
1917	Article - The Oxy-Acetylene Cutting Torch
1917	Article - Thoughts as to Erection, Arrangement and Fitting Up of a Safe Deposit Vault
1921	Article - Vault Construction for Small Communities
1923	Article - Harris, Forbes & Company's New Vault
1923	Article - Protecting Our Great Banks (by Edward H. Smith with Holmes contributions)
1923	Article - The World's Greatest Bank Vaults (by Edward H. Smith with Holmes contributions)
1923	Article - Vault Protection
1924	Article - Safeguards that are Required Against the Modern Yegg
1924	Article - Vault Weaknesses that must be Overcome
1926	Copyright - Copyright with Ralph Moreton Hooker
1927	Article - Guarding America's Wealth - A Renaissance of Bank Burglary
1928	Article - Bank Vault Construction and Equipment
1991	Article - The Lure of The Lock (includes the abridged article 'Bank Vault Construction and Equipment', see above)
2005	Article - Monuments to Money: The Architecture of American Banks by Charles Belfoure, (Holmes article excerpts)

External links

• Holmes Advertisements
• Holmes Biographical Info
• Jamb-Controlled Vault Evolution