Английская Википедия:Free trade agreements of the European Union

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EU Free trade agreements Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

The European Union has concluded free trade agreements (FTAs) and other agreements with a trade component with many countries worldwide and is negotiating with many others. The European Union negotiates free trade deals on behalf of all of its member states, as the member states have granted the EU has an "exclusive competence" to conclude trade agreements. Even so, member states' governments control every step of the process (via the Council of the European Union, whose members are national ministers from each national government):

• Before negotiations start, member states' governments (via the Council of Ministers) approve the negotiating mandate;
• During negotiations, member states' governments are regularly briefed on the progress of negotiations and can update the negotiations mandate or suspend negotiations;
• Upon conclusion of negotiations, member states' governments decide whether the agreement should be signed;
• After approval from the European Parliament and (in case the agreement covers areas other than trade such as investment protection) upon ratification in each member state parliament, member states' governments decide whether the agreement should be concluded and enter into effect.

Trade agreements in force - fully ratified

No	State	No of jurisdictions representedШаблон:Efn	Signed	Provisional application	In force since	Notes	Relations
1.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2003		2004Шаблон:Efn	Customs union
2.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2006	2006Шаблон:Efn	2009	SAA	Negotiating for EU accession
3.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2002		2005	Euro-mediterranean AA
4.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1990		1991	Customs union	Andorra–EU relations
5.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2008	2008Шаблон:Efn	2015	SAA	Potential candidate for EU accession
6.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2002	2003	2005	AA
7.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2001		2004	Euro-mediterranean AA
8.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1996		1997	Autonomous entity of Denmark	Faroe Islands-EU relations
9.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2014	2014	2016	AA incl DCFTA	Georgia–EU relations
11	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1992		1994	EEA	Iceland–EU relations
13.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1995	1996Шаблон:Efn	2000	Euro-Mediterranean AA	Israel–EU relations
14.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2018		2019	Economic Partnership Agreement	Japan-EU relations
16.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1997		2002	Euro-Mediterranean AA	Jordan–EU relations
17.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2015		2016	SAA	Potential candidate for EU accession
18.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2002		2006	Euro-Mediterranean AA	Lebanon–EU relations
19.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1992		1995	EEA	Liechtenstein–EU relations
20.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1997		2000	FTA	Mexico–EU relations
21.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2014	2014	2016	Moldova–European Union Association Agreement incl DCFTA	Moldova–EU relations
22.	Шаблон:Flagu	1			1958	Franco-Monegasque Customs Convention (customs union)	Monaco - European Union relations
23.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2007	2008Шаблон:Efn	2010	SAA	Negotiating for EU accession
24.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1996		2000	Euro-Mediterranean AA	Morocco–EU relations
25.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2001	2001Шаблон:Efn	2004	SAA	Negotiating for EU accession
26.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1992		1994	EEA	Norway–EU relations
27.	Шаблон:Flagu's Overseas Countries and Territories	13	2001		2001	Association of the OCTs with the EU
28.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1997		1997	Euro-Mediterranean AA	Palestine–EU relations
29.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1991	1992Шаблон:Efn	2002	Customs union	San Marino–EU relations
30.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2008	2010Шаблон:Efn	2013	SAA	Negotiating for EU accession
31.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2018		2019	FTA
32.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1999	2000	2004	ATDCШаблон:Efn	South Africa–EU relations
33.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2010	2011	2015	FTA	South Korea–EU relations
34.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1972		1973	Trade agreement	Switzerland–EU relations
35.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1995		1998	Euro-Mediterranean AA
36.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	1995Шаблон:Efn		1995	Customs union	Turkey–EU relations
37.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2014	2016	2017	Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement incl DCFTA	Ukraine–EU relations
38.	Шаблон:FlaguШаблон:Efn	1	2020	2021	2021	Trade and Cooperation Agreement	United Kingdom–EU relations
39.	Шаблон:Flagu	1	2019		2020	EVFTA	Vietnam–European Union relations

Trade agreements in force - provisionally applied

State	Signed	Provisional Application	Ratification	Notes	Relations
CARIFORUM States Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	2008	2008	Шаблон:Composition bar	EPA - Croatia acceded to the agreement on 28 November 2017
Eastern and Southern Africa States Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	2009	2012, 2019	Шаблон:Composition bar	Interim Agreement for establishing a framework for an EPA
Central America Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	2012	2013	Шаблон:Composition bar	AA
Шаблон:Flagu	2009	2016	Шаблон:Composition bar	Stepping Stone EPA
Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	2012	2013	Шаблон:Composition bar	FTA
Шаблон:Flagu	2009	2014	Шаблон:Composition bar	Interim agreement with a view to an EPA
Pacific States Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	2009	2009, 2014, 2018, 2020	Шаблон:Composition bar	Interim Partnership Agreement
South African Development Community members Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	2016	2016	Шаблон:Composition bar	Economic Partnership Agreement
Шаблон:Flagu	2016	2016	Шаблон:Composition bar	Stepping Stone EPA
Шаблон:Flagu	2016	2017	Шаблон:Composition bar	Accession to EU-Peru-Colombia Free Trade Agreement
Шаблон:Flagu	2016	2017	Шаблон:Composition bar	Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
Шаблон:Flagu	2023	Шаблон:Citation needed	Шаблон:Composition bar	FTA

Agreements finalised (negotiations concluded, but not signed)

State	Negotiations Concluded	Signed	Provisional Application	Ratification	Notes
Economic Community of West African States members Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	6 February 2014		No	No	Economic Partnership Agreement
Eastern African Community members Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	16 October 2014		No	Ratified by Шаблон:Flag and Шаблон:Flag	Economic Partnership Agreement
Шаблон:Flagu	9 December 2022	Yes	No	No	Updated EU-Chile Association Agreement
Шаблон:Flagu	30 December 2020	No	No	No	Comprehensive Agreement on Investment
Mercosur Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	28 June 2019	No	No	No	European Union–Mercosur free trade agreement. Part of an Association Agreement.
Шаблон:Flagu	28 April 2020	No	No	No	Updated Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and the European Union

Negotiating new agreements

State	New agreement being negotiated	Status
Шаблон:Flagu	Australia Agreement	Negotiations launched in 2018
Шаблон:Flagu	European Union Association Agreement	Negotiations launched in 2015
Шаблон:Flagu	Free Trade Agreement	Negotiations launched in 2016
Шаблон:Flagu	European Union Association Agreement	Negotiations launched in 2015
Шаблон:Flagu	Free Trade Agreement	Negotiations launched in 2015
Шаблон:Flagu	Economic Partnership Agreements as part of the Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement	Informed the EU of its intention to accede to the EPA.
Шаблон:Flagu	Economic Partnership Agreements as part of the Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement	Informed the EU of its intention to accede to the EPA.
Шаблон:Flagu	European Union Association Agreement	Negotiations launched in 2015
Шаблон:Flagu	Free Trade Agreement	Negotiations from 2007 to 2013; restarted in 2022

Negotiations on hold

Country or bloc	Agreement being negotiated	Status
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf States Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	Free Trade Agreement	Negotiations started in 1990, suspended since 2008
Central Africa Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	Economic Partnership Agreement	Negotiations started in 2003, paused until further notice in 2011
Eastern and Southern Africa States Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu Шаблон:Flagu	Economic Partnership Agreement	Negotiations started in 2004, paused until further notice in 2011
Шаблон:Flagu	Free Trade Agreement	Negotiations started in 2010, paused since 2012
Шаблон:Flagu	Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area	Negotiations started in 2013, on hold since 2014 at Morocco’s request
Шаблон:Flagu	Investment protection agreement	Negotiations launched in 2015
Шаблон:Flagu	Free Trade Agreement	Negotiations started in 2013, no negotiations scheduled since 2014
Шаблон:Flagu	Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area	Negotiations launched in 2015, on hold since 2019
Шаблон:Flagu	Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership	Negotiations started in 2013, suspended since 2019

Obsolete agreements

Country or bloc	Agreement	Signed	Active	Obsolete
Шаблон:Flagu	SAA	29 October 2001	1 March 2001	1 July 2013

Competence

The European Court of Justice has held that investor-state arbitration provisions (including a dedicated tribunal planned by some free trade agreements) falls under competency shared between European Union and its member states and that for this reason, the ratification of such mixed agreements should be approved by the EU as well as by each of the union's member states. This court decision has resulted in a new architecture of external trade negotiations which will have two components:

• a free trade agreement - related exclusively to trade matters - which can be adopted at the EU level;
• an investment agreement - containing investment, arbitration and other non-trade provisions - which needs to be ratified by the member states as well.

Impact to consumers

One study found that the trade agreements that the EU implemented over the period 1993-2013 have, on average, increased the quality of imported goods by 7% and therefore "lowered quality-adjusted prices by close to 7%," without having much of an impact on the non-adjusted price.

See also

• Economic Partnership Agreements
• EU-ACP
• EUR.1 movement certificate
• Euro-Mediterranean free trade area
• European Union Association Agreement
• Everything but Arms
• Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
• Free trade area
• Free trade areas in Europe
• List of bilateral free trade agreements
• List of free trade agreements
• List of the largest trading partners of the European Union
• Trade deal negotiation between the UK and EU (2020)
• Trade defence instrument
• United States free trade agreements

External links

• Negotiations and agreements, EU trade relationships by country/region, European Commission
• Trade Flows, Animated infographics, European Parliamentary Research Service
• Articles on EU FTAs, at Agritrade
• The Transatlantic Colossus: Global Contributions to Broaden the Debate on the EU-US Free Trade Agreement A collaborative publication with over 20 articles on the global implications of the TAFTA | TTIP
• Koeth, Wolfgang (8 December 2014) "The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements: an Appropriate Response by the EU to the Challenges in its Neighbourhood"?