Английская Википедия:Freight train

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Hatnote group

Файл:CN 8015, 5690 and 5517 Hinton - Jasper.jpg
A Canadian National Railway freight train with three locomotives in the Canadian Rockies

A freight train, also called a goods train or cargo train, is a railway train that is used to carry cargo, as opposed to passengers. Freight trains are made up of one or more locomotives which provide propulsion, along with one or more railroad cars (also known as wagons) which carry freight. A wide variety of cargos are carried on trains, but the low friction inherent to rail transport means that freight trains are especially suited to carrying bulk and heavy loads over longer distances.

History

Файл:Stockton & Darlington Railway (Brown via Getty Images).jpg
The first train on the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825, including six cars of coal

The earliest recorded use of rail transport for freight was in Babylon, circa 2,200 B.C.E. This took the form of wagons pulled on wagonways by horses or even humans.Шаблон:Sfn

Locomotives

Freight trains are almost universally powered by locomotives. Historically, steam locomotives were predominant, but beginning in the 1920s diesel and electric locomotives displaced steam due to their higher reliability, cleaner emissions, and lower costs.[1]

Freight cars

Файл:59104 Allington ARC Siding to Whatley Quarry 6V18 (30261015131).jpg
A unit train with cargo from a quarry in the United Kingdom
Файл:2018-06-19 (129) 37 84 7838 336-7 at Bahnhof Herzogenburg.jpg
A tank car in Germany, used to carry liquids and gases

Freight trains carry cargo in freight cars, also known as goods wagons, which are unpowered and designed to carry various types of goods.[2]

Operations

Файл:BNSF Northtown Yard Fridley MN 2017.jpg
A BNSF Railway classification yard in Minnesota, USA

Freight trains often operate between classification yards, which are hubs where incoming freight trains are received, and then broken up, with the cars then being assembled into new trains for other destinations. In contrast to this type of operation, which is known as wagonload (or carload) freight, there are also unit trains, which exclusively carry one type of cargo. They normally operate directly between origin and destination points, such as a coal mine and a power plant, without any changes to the makeup of the freight cars in between.[3] This allows cargo to reach its destination faster, and increases utilization of freight cars, lowering operating costs.[3]

Unlike passenger trains, freight trains often do not follow fixed schedules, but are run as needed.[4] When sharing tracks with passenger trains, freight trains are scheduled to use lines during specific times to minimize their impact on passenger train operations, especially during the morning and evening rush hours.[4]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Authority control