Английская Википедия:French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems
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Шаблон:Use dmy dates The French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems (Шаблон:Lang-fr), often referred to as the Alexis Carrel Foundation or the Carrel Foundation, was a eugenics organization created by Nobel laureate in Medicine Alexis Carrel under the Vichy regime in World War II France.Шаблон:Sfn
Alexis Carrel spent most of his career at the Rockefeller Institute in New York and returned to France just before the outbreak of World War II. Carrel, who had worked previously with Philippe Pétain during the First World War, accepted an offer to establish and lead a foundation for the study of human problems. Its ambitious mission was to give an account of the "human element associating the soul and the body".Шаблон:Citation needed
Charged with "the comprehensive study of the most appropriate measures needed to safeguard, improve, and advance the French people in all their activities," the Foundation was created by decree of the Vichy regime in 1941, and Carrel was appointed as "regent".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The Foundation initiated studies on demographics (Robert Gessain, Paul Vincent, Jean Bourgeois), nutrition (Jean Sutter), and housing (Jean Merlet), as well as the first polls (Jean Stoetzel). The foundation employed 300 researchers from the summer of 1942 to the end of the autumn of 1944.Шаблон:Sfn
The Foundation made many positive accomplishments during its time.Шаблон:Sfn It promoted the 16 December 1942 Act which established the prenuptial certificate, which was required before marriage and which sought to insure the good health of the spouses, in particular in regard to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and "life hygiene". The institute also established the Шаблон:Ill,Шаблон:Efn which could be used to record students' grades in the French secondary schools, and thus classify and select them according to scholastic performance.Шаблон:Sfn
Carrel was suspended after the liberation of Paris in August 1944 and died soon thereafter, thus avoiding the inevitable purge. The Foundation itself was "purged", but resurfaced soon after as the French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED) after the war.Шаблон:Sfn Most members of Carrel's team moved to INED, led by demographist Alfred Sauvy, who coined the expression "Third World". Others joined Robert Debré's Шаблон:Ill which later became INSERM.Шаблон:Citation needed
See also
- Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II
- Human enhancement
- Institut national d'études démographiques
- International Eugenics Conference
- Nazi eugenics
- Philippe Pétain
- Révolution nationale
References
- Notes
- Citations
Works cited
Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:France topics Шаблон:Collaboration with Axis Powers by country Шаблон:Vichy France Шаблон:Authority control
- Английская Википедия
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