Английская Википедия:French battleship Henri IV

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Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

Henri IV was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy built to test some of the ideas of the prominent naval architect Louis-Émile Bertin. She began World War I as guardship at Bizerte. She was sent to reinforce the Allied naval force in the Dardanelles campaign of 1915, although some of her secondary armament had been removed for transfer to Serbia in 1914. Afterwards, she was relegated to second-line roles before being sent to Taranto as a depot ship in 1918. She was struck from the navy list in 1920 and scrapped the following year.

Design

Henri IV was designed by the famous French naval architect Louis-Émile Bertin to evaluate some of his ideas. She was designed to make her a small target and lacked most of the normal rear superstructure common to ships of her period, other than that needed to keep her rear turret from being washed out. Her rear hull had only Шаблон:Convert of freeboard, although she was built up to the normal upper deck height amidships and at the bow for better sea-keeping and to provide for her crew. Her superstructure was narrow and recessed from the hull above the main deck.[1]

General characteristics

Henri IV was smaller than her predecessors, at Шаблон:Convert overall. She had a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum draft of Шаблон:Convert. She was significantly lighter than the Charlemagne-class battleships and displaced only Шаблон:Convert normally, some Шаблон:Convert less than the earlier ships. Her crew consisted of 26 officers and 438 enlisted men.[2]

Propulsion

Henri IV had three vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft. The engines were rated at Шаблон:Convert using steam provided by 24 Niclausse boilers and gave a top speed of Шаблон:Convert. She carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of coal that gave her a range of Шаблон:Convert at a speed of Шаблон:Convert.[2]

Armament

Файл:Henri IV - Brassey's Naval Annual 1904.png
Armament and armor diagram of the ship in the 1904 issue of The Naval Annual

Henri IV carried her main armament of two 40-caliber Шаблон:Convert Canon de 274 modèle 1893/1896s in two single-gun turrets, one forward on the upper deck and the other on the main deck at the rear. The guns fired Шаблон:Convert armor-piercing projectiles at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert.[3]

The ship's secondary armament consisted of seven 45-caliber Шаблон:Convert Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval guns. Four were mounted in individual casemates on the main deck; two more were mounted on the shelter deck with gun shields and the last gun was mounted in a shelter deck turret superfiring over the rear main gun turret. This was the first superfiring turret in naval history and, in this case, was not very successful because the barrel of the 138 mm gun was too short to clear the sighting hood of the turret below.[1] These guns fired Шаблон:Convert shells at muzzle velocities of Шаблон:Convert.[4]

Twelve Шаблон:Convert 40-caliber Canon de 47 mm Modèle 1885 Hotchkiss guns were mounted as anti-torpedo boat guns. They were mounted in platforms in the foremast and mainmast and on the superstructure. They fired a Шаблон:Convert projectile at Шаблон:Convert to a maximum range of Шаблон:Convert. Their theoretical maximum rate of fire was fifteen rounds per minute, but only seven rounds per minute sustained.[5] Two submerged Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes were also carried.[1] Exactly which types of torpedoes carried is unknown, but most of the torpedoes in service during the war had warheads of Шаблон:Convert, maximum speeds of Шаблон:Convert and maximum ranges of Шаблон:Convert.[6]

Armor

Henri IV had a waterline armor belt of Harvey armor that was Шаблон:Convert high and tapered from the maximum thickness of Шаблон:Convert that to Шаблон:Convert at the ship's ends. The belt ended short of the stern in a Шаблон:Convert traverse bulkhead. The lower edge of this belt tapered as well from Шаблон:Convert in thickness. The upper armor belt was mostly Шаблон:Convert thick and ran from the bow to Шаблон:Convert aft of the midsection. It was generally Шаблон:Convert high, but increased to Шаблон:Convert forward and ended in a Шаблон:Convert traverse bulkhead. The maximum thickness of the armored deck was Шаблон:Convert, but tapered to Шаблон:Convert at the ship's ends. Below this was a thinner armored deck that tapered from Шаблон:Convert on the centerline to Шаблон:Convert at the edges. It curved down about Шаблон:Convert to form a torpedo bulkhead before it met up with the inner bottom. This system was based on experiments conducted in 1894 and was more modern than that used in the Russian battleship Tsesarevich although it was still too close to the side of the ship. The main turret armor was Шаблон:Convert in thickness and the ammunition shafts were protected by Шаблон:Convert of armor. The casemates for the 138 mm guns ranged from Шаблон:Convert in thickness and their ammunition tubes had Шаблон:Convert of armor.[1]

Construction and service

Henri IV was laid down at Cherbourg on 15 July 1897 and launched on 23 August 1899, but did not enter service until September 1903,[1] at a cost of ₣15,660,000 francs.[7] By 1911, Henri IV was assigned as the guard ship of the French naval base in Tunis in French Tunisia.[8]

The ship spent the early part of World War I as the guardship at Bizerte, until February 1915 when she was assigned to the newly formed Syrian Squadron (escadre de Syrie). This squadron was intended to attack Turkish positions and lines of communication in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and the Sinai Peninsula. Henri IV was transferred to the French squadron in the Dardanelles campaign to replace the sunk battleship Шаблон:Ship and the damaged Шаблон:Ship after the Allies suffered heavily during their first attempt to sail through the Dardanelles and past the fortifications on 18 March 1915. The ship bombarded Kum Kale, on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles in support of the French diversionary landing on 25 April 1915, and provided fire support for the troops ashore for the rest of the month. She was hit eight times while providing support during this time.[9]

Three of her 138.6 mm guns had been dismounted by November 1914 and sent to reinforce the French naval mission to Serbia, known as "Mission D", by rail from Salonica.[10] In 1916, she was assigned to the Complementary (Reserve) Division of the 3rd Battle Squadron. Subsequently she served with the French Eastern Division in Egypt and then she was sent to Taranto in 1918 as a depot ship.[11] Henri IV was stricken from the Navy List in 1920 and scrapped the following year.[2]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:French battleship Henri IV Шаблон:WWI French ships Шаблон:Good article

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Conway's, p. 295
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Gille, p. 86
  3. ↑ Friedman, p. 217
  4. ↑ Friedman, p. 224
  5. ↑ Caresse, pp. 121–22
  6. ↑ Friedman, p. 345
  7. ↑ Berthelot, Derenbourg, et al., p. 8
  8. ↑ Burgoyne, p. 66
  9. ↑ Corbett, pp. 143, 227, 338, 370
  10. ↑ Halpern, p. 265
  11. ↑ Preston, p. 36
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