Английская Википедия:French cruiser Wattignies
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics
The French cruiser Wattignies was the lead ship of a class of two torpedo cruisers, the Шаблон:Sclass, that were built for the French Navy (Шаблон:Lang) in the early 1890s. The ship was the first in French Navy service to mount quick-firing (QF) guns. As well as five Шаблон:Convert QF guns, the cruiser was fitted with four Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes. Launched in 1891 in Cherbourg, Wattignies was commissioned into the Mediterranean Squadron (Шаблон:Lang) as part of the reserve. The cruiser saw service in Crete from 1896, supporting French humanitarian and political objectives on the island. This proved to be the only active deployment that the ship would perform. In 1899, the ship was transferred to Rochefort, returning to the reserve. Wattignies remained in service for another eight years until being retired and, in 1908, struck from the naval register.
Design and description
The Wattignies-class cruisers were designed as enlarged and improved versions of the preceding Шаблон:Sclass by Louis de Bussy in 1888. The design was created in response to the 1884 publication Шаблон:Lang (The Navy, its Past and its Future, Battleship and Torpedo boats), in which Minister of Marine, Auguste Gougeard, articulated his vision of the warship of the future. The ships measured Шаблон:Convert overall and Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and an average draft of Шаблон:Convert, increasing to Шаблон:Cvt aft. Wattignies displaced Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn By 1904, this was listed as Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
Wattignies was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a single propeller shaft, using steam provided by four coal-burning Admiralty boilers at a pressure of Шаблон:Convert. The machinery was designed to produce a total of Шаблон:Convert intended to give them a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert. Reported output was Шаблон:Convert for a speed of Шаблон:Convert. The cruiser carried Шаблон:Convert of coal, which gave a range of Шаблон:Convert at a speed of Шаблон:Convert. The ship's complement amounted to 185 officers and enlisted men.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The main battery of the Wattignies class consisted of five Шаблон:Convert 26.2-calibre M1881 QF guns. Two were located under the forecastle, two amidships on sponsons and one on the poop deck. For close-range defence against torpedo boats, they carried six [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|Шаблон:Convert M1885 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns]] and four Шаблон:Convert 1-pounder Hotchkiss revolver cannons, all mounted singly. The ships were armed with four Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes, two carried forward and two on the sides. The deck was armoured with curved wrought iron that was Шаблон:Convert thick in a similar way to the preceding Condor class. The armament was modified during service. By 1896, the torpedo tubes had been removed. At the same time, two of the Шаблон:Convert Hotchkiss revolver cannons were replaced by QF guns of the same bore.Шаблон:Sfn
Construction and career
Wattignies was ordered from Шаблон:Lang on 26 July 1888 and authorised in the 1889 budget. Construction started at the shipyard in Cherbourg on 30 August 1888, the ship being laid down on 8 October the following year. The machinery, ordered on 14 November 1888, was installed between 1 February and 17 September 1891. The cruiser was launched on 9 April 1891, and completed on 5 February 1892.Шаблон:Sfn Wattignies was named for the Battle of Wattignies.[1] The vessel was the first ship in the French Navy to have quick-firing guns.[2] The total cost of the ship was £41,858.Шаблон:Sfn
On completion, Wattignies undertook trials until 27 July 1892, at which point the vessel arrived in Toulon to be commissioned in the Mediterranean Squadron (Шаблон:Lang). Almost immediately, the cruiser was allocated to the reserve division, remaining there until 1898.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's complement was reduced to 162.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 July 1894, Wattignies joined the Third Division of the Active Squadron for an exercise that employed much of the Mediterranean Squadron.Шаблон:Sfn The exercise involved simulated attacks by torpedo boats and proved the vulnerability of battleships to torpedo attacks.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1895, increasing unrest in Crete led the Ottoman Empire to seek assistance from France in restoring peace between the different factions. On 24 June, the French ambassador, along with representatives from five other European powers submitted a response, which proposed a military and political solution rather than humanitarian one. However, humanitarian support was required, and French vessels were used to evacuate civilians.Шаблон:Sfn As the following year began, country took responsibility for an area of the island, to keep the peace. To support these endeavours, and to protect their national interest, the French Navy allocated warships to the island.Шаблон:Sfn During September 1896, it was the turn of Wattignies to be designated a station ship in Crete, relieving the ironclad Шаблон:Ship.Шаблон:Sfn Following a period of revolt, on 28 November 1898, the last Ottoman troops left Crete and the island was handed to Greece.Шаблон:Sfn
In the interim, Wattignies had left the island, replaced by an International Squadron. The cruiser was assigned to Port Said. The ship remained there until relieved by the torpedo cruiser Шаблон:Ship in 1898. Between 1899 and 1907, Wattignies was in Rochefort, but still held in reserve. The cruiser was retired and, on 8 April 1908, struck from the naval register. Less than 20 years had elapsed since the order had been placed for the cruiser's construction.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
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- Шаблон:Cite book
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- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:Wattignies-class cruiser
