Английская Википедия:French destroyer Bouclier
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsBouclier was the name ship of her class of a dozen destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.
Design and description
The Bouclier class were designed to a general specification and varied significantly from each other in various ways.[1] Bouclier was the shortest ship in her class and had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, and a draft of Шаблон:Convert. Designed to displace Шаблон:Convert, Bouclier was also the lightest ship of her class and displaced Шаблон:Cvt at normal load. Their crew numbered 80–83 men.[1]
Bouclier was powered by three Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The engines were designed to produce Шаблон:Convert which was intended to give the ships a speed of Шаблон:Convert. Bouclier was the fastest ship of her class, reaching Шаблон:Convert during her sea trials. The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of Шаблон:Convert at cruising speeds of Шаблон:Convert.[2]
The primary armament of the Bouclier-class ships consisted of two [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|Шаблон:Convert]] Modèle 1893 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and four [[Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891|Шаблон:Convert Modèle 1902]] guns distributed amidships. They were also fitted with two twin mounts for Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes amidships.[1]
During World War I, a Шаблон:Convert or [[Canon de 75 modèle 1897#Naval and coastal artillery|Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft gun, two Шаблон:Convert machine guns, and eight or ten Guiraud-type depth charges were added to the ships. The extra weight severely overloaded the ships and reduced their operational speed to around Шаблон:Convert.[1]
Construction and career
Bouclier was ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand and was launched from its Le Havre shipyard on 29 June 1911. The ship was completed later that year.[3]
When the First World War began in August 1914, Bouclier was the flagship of the Group of Destroyer Flotillas (Шаблон:Lang) of the 1st Naval Army (Шаблон:Lang). During the preliminary stages of the Battle of Antivari, Montenegro, on 16 August, the 1st, 4th and 5th Destroyer Flotillas were tasked to escort the core of the 1st Naval Army while the 2nd, 3rd and 6th Flotillas escorted the armored cruisers of the 2nd Light Squadron (Шаблон:Lang) and two British cruisers. After reuniting both groups and spotting the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser Шаблон:SMS and the destroyer Шаблон:SMS, the French destroyers played no role in sinking the cruiser, although the 4th Flotilla was sent on an unsuccessful pursuit of Ulan. Having broken the Austro-Hungarian blockade of Antivari (now known as Bar), Vice-Admiral (Шаблон:Lang) Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army, decided to ferry troops and supplies to the port using a small requisitioned passenger ship, Шаблон:SS, escorted by the 2nd Light Squadron, reinforced by the armored cruiser Шаблон:Ship, and escorted by the Bouclier with the 1st and 6th Destroyer Flotillas under command while the rest of the 1st Naval Army bombarded the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro, Montenegro, on 1 September. Four days later, the fleet covered the evacuation of Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro, aboard Bouclier, to the Greek island of Corfu. The flotilla escorted multiple small convoys loaded with supplies and equipment to Antivari, beginning in October and lasting for the rest of the year, always covered by the larger ships of the Naval Army in futile attempts to lure the Austro-Hungarian fleet into battle. Amidst these missions, the 1st and 6th Flotillas were led by the Шаблон:Ship as they conducted a sweep south of Cattaro on the night of 10/11 November in an unsuccessful search for Austro-Hungarian destroyers.[4]
The torpedoing of the Шаблон:Ship on 21 December caused a change in French tactics as the battleships were too important to risk to submarine attack. Henceforth, only the destroyers would escort the transports, covered by cruisers at a distance of Шаблон:Convert from the transports. The first convoy of 1915 to Antivari arrived on 11 January and more were made until the last one on 20–21 April.[5] On 26 March, the badly damaged predreadnought battleship Шаблон:Ship radioed for help as she was taking on water in a storm off the Greek coast. Bouclier, the destroyers Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship and the armored cruiser Шаблон:Ship responded, but were unable to render assistance due to the heavy weather.[6]
After Italy signed the Treaty of London and declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire on 23 May, the ship was still assigned to the 6th Flotilla when the unit was transferred to the 1st Division of Destroyers and Submarines (Шаблон:Lang) of the 2nd Squadron (Шаблон:Lang) based at Brindisi, Italy.[7] On 12 July, the 6th Destroyer Flotilla, including Bouclier, was part of the force that raided the island of Lastovo off the Austrian coast of the Adriatic (now part of Croatia), destroying oil stores and the telegraph station. This attack was simultaneous with the Italian occupation of Palagruža.[8][9]
On 27 June 1922, Bouclier collided with the battleship Шаблон:Ship at Toulon, France; both ships were severely damaged.[10]
Bouclier was stricken on 15 February 1933.[1]
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
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- Шаблон:Cite book
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- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:Bouclier class destroyer Шаблон:1922 shipwrecks
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Smigielski, p. 203
- ↑ Couhat, pp. 101, 104
- ↑ Couhat, p. 104
- ↑ Freivogel, pp. 98–99, 117–121; Prévoteaux, I, pp. 27, 55–56, 59–62
- ↑ Prévoteaux, I, pp. 111, 113
- ↑ Jordan & Caresse, p. 267
- ↑ Prévoteaux, I, p. 113; Roberts, p. 392
- ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21, pp. 176–177
- ↑ Freivogel, pp. 184–185
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
