Английская Википедия:French destroyer Faulx

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

Faulx was one of a dozen Шаблон:Sclasss built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. During the First World War, she escorted the battle fleet during the Battle of Antivari off the coast of Montenegro in August 1914 and escorted multiple convoys to Montenegro for the rest of the year. Faulx protected the evacuation of the Royal Serbian Army from Durazzo, Albania, in February 1916.

Design and description

The Boucliers were the first class of destroyers designed in response to a new doctrine for their use. Nearly double the size of previous classes and more powerfully armed, they were built to a general specification and each shipyard was allowed to determine the best way to meet that specification. Faulx and her sister Шаблон:Ship were built by the same shipyard and had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, and a draft of Шаблон:Convert. Faulx displaced slightly more than her sister at Шаблон:Convert at normal load. Their crew numbered 4 officers and 77 men.

The sisters were powered by a pair of Rateau steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four du Temple boilers. The engines were designed to produce Шаблон:Convert which was intended to give the ships a speed of Шаблон:Convert. During her sea trials, Faulx handily exceed that speed, reaching a speed of Шаблон:Convert. The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of Шаблон:Convert at cruising speeds of Шаблон:Convert.

The primary armament of the Bouclier-class ships consisted of two [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|Шаблон:Convert]] Modèle 1893 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and four [[Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891|Шаблон:Convert Modèle 1902]] guns distributed amidships. They were also fitted with two twin mounts for Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes amidships, one on each broadside.

Construction and career

Faulx was ordered on 26 August 1908 as part of the 1908 naval program from Établissement de la Brosse et Fouché. She was laid down at the company's shipyard at Nantes, Brittany, in 1909. The ship was launched on 2 February 1911 and transferred to Lorient on 28 December 1911 in preparation for her sea trials. Faulx was commissioned for her trials on 15 February 1912, but major problems with her propellers delayed her entry into service until on 1 November. The ship arrived at Toulon on 29 December and was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla (Шаблон:Lang) of the 1st Naval Army.

When the First World War began in August 1914, Faulx was still assigned to the 1st Flotilla. During the preliminary stages of the Battle of Antivari, Montenegro, on 16 August, the 1st, 4th and 5th Destroyer Flotillas were tasked to escort the core of the 1st Naval Army while the 2nd, 3rd and 6th Flotillas escorted the armored cruisers of the 2nd Light Squadron (Шаблон:Lang) and two British cruisers. After reuniting both groups and spotting the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser Шаблон:SMS and the destroyer Шаблон:SMS, the French destroyers played no role in sinking the cruiser, although the 4th Flotilla was sent on an unsuccessful pursuit of Ulan. Having broken the Austro-Hungarian blockade of Antivari (now known as Bar), Vice-Admiral (Шаблон:Lang) Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army, decided to ferry troops and supplies to the port using a small requisitioned passenger ship, Шаблон:SS, escorted by the 2nd Light Squadron, reinforced by the armored cruiser Шаблон:Ship, and escorted by the destroyer Шаблон:Ship with the 1st and 6th Destroyer Flotillas under command while the rest of the 1st Naval Army bombarded the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro, Montenegro, on 1 September. Four days later, the fleet covered the evacuation of Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro, aboard Bouclier, to the Greek island of Corfu. The flotilla escorted multiple small convoys loaded with supplies and equipment to Antivari, beginning in October and lasting for the rest of the year, always covered by the larger ships of the Naval Army in futile attempts to lure the Austro-Hungarian fleet into battle. Amidst these missions, the 1st and 6th Flotillas were led by the Шаблон:Ship as they conducted a sweep south of Cattaro on the night of 10/11 November in an unsuccessful search for Austro-Hungarian destroyers.

The torpedoing of the Шаблон:Ship on 21 December caused a change in French tactics as the battleships were too important to risk to submarine attack. Henceforth, only the destroyers would escort the transports. On 24 February 1915 Faulx rescued 38 survivors from the destroyer Шаблон:Ship after it had struck a naval mine in Durazzo harbor. After Italy signed the Treaty of London and declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire on 23 May 1915, Boué de Lapeyrère reorganized his forces in late June to cover the approaches to the Adriatic and interdict merchant shipping of the Central Powers since the Royal Italian Navy (Шаблон:Lang) now had primary responsibility for the Adriatic itself. His area of responsibility extended from Sardinia to Crete and he divided it into two zones with the 1st Light Squadron assigned to the western zone and the 2nd Light Squadron in the east. Those destroyers of the 1st Naval Army not assigned to reinforce the Italians were transferred to the newly formed 1st and 2nd Flotillas of the Naval Army (Шаблон:Lang). The 1st and 3rd Destroyer Flotillas were assigned to the 2nd Flotilla of the Naval Army, of which ‘'Dehorter'’ was the flagship, which was tasked to support the cruisers of the 2nd Light Division.

On 18 April 1918, the French destroyer Шаблон:Ship rammed and sank Faulx in the Strait of Otranto.

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book