Английская Википедия:French destroyer Mameluk (1909)
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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsMameluk was one of seven Шаблон:Sclasss built for the French Navy in the first decade of the twentieth century.
Design and description
The Spahi class was over 50 percent larger than the preceding Шаблон:Sclass to match the increase in size of foreign destroyers.[1] Mameluk had a length between perpendiculars of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert,[2] and a draft of Шаблон:Convert. The ships displaced Шаблон:Convert at deep load. Their crew numbered 77–79 officers and men.[1]
Mameluk was powered by two triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four du Temple boilers. The engines were designed to produce Шаблон:Convert which was intended to give the Spahi class a speed of Шаблон:Convert. During her sea trials, Mameluk reached a speed of Шаблон:Convert. The ships carried enough coal to give them a range of Шаблон:Convert at a cruising speed of Шаблон:Convert.[3]
The primary armament of the Spahi-class ships consisted of six [[Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891|Шаблон:Convert Modèle 1902]] guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the others were distributed amidships. They were also fitted with three Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes. One of these was in a fixed mount in the bow and the other two were on single rotating mounts amidships.[1]
Construction and career
Mameluk was ordered from Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire and was launched at their shipyard in Nantes on 13 March 1908. She was completed in June 1911.[4] Tasked with escort duties in the Mediterranean Mameluk was assigned to the 1st Squadron in June 1911, and a year later she was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Squadron, of the 1st Fleet. In March 1913 she was assigned to torpedo squadron patrols and to support submarines in the Adriatic.[5]
When the First World War began in August 1914, Mameluk was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla (Шаблон:Lang) of the 1st Naval Army (Шаблон:Lang). The flotilla was assigned to escort the first troop convoy from Algiers, French Algeria, to France on 5 August, but some of the troop ships departed before the warships were had cast off; Mameluk was the first of the escorts to regain contact late that evening. During the preliminary stages of the Battle of Antivari, Montenegro, on 16 August, the 1st, 4th and 5th Destroyer Flotillas were tasked to escort the core of the 1st Naval Army while the 2nd, 3rd and 6th Flotillas escorted the armored cruisers of the 2nd Light Squadron (Шаблон:Lang) and two British cruisers. After reuniting both groups and spotting the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser Шаблон:SMS and the destroyer Шаблон:SMS, the French destroyers played no role in sinking the cruiser, although the 4th Flotilla was sent on an unsuccessful pursuit of Ulan. Having broken the Austro-Hungarian blockade of Antivari (now known as Bar), Vice-Admiral (Шаблон:Lang) Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army, decided to ferry troops and supplies to the port, escorted by the 2nd Light Squadron and the 1st and 6th Destroyer Flotillas while the rest of the 1st Naval Army bombarded the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro, Montenegro, on 1 September. Four days later, the fleet covered the evacuation of Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro to the Greek island of Corfu. The 2nd Flotilla bombarded Stončica Lighthouse on the island of Lissa on 19 September. The flotilla escorted multiple small convoys loaded with supplies and equipment to Antivari, beginning in October and lasting for the rest of the year, always covered by the larger ships of the Naval Army in futile attempts to lure the Austro-Hungarian fleet into battle. The Naval Army raided Lissa and the island of Lastovo on 2 November with the destroyer Шаблон:Ship entering Vis harbor and extorting a ransom from the townsmen lest the French bombard the town. As they departed, the French shelled the lighthouse again.[6]
The torpedoing of the Шаблон:Ship on 21 December caused a change in French tactics as the battleships were too important to risk to submarine attack. Henceforth, only the destroyers would escort the transports, covered by cruisers at a distance of Шаблон:Convert from the transports. The first convoy of 1915 to Antivari arrived on 11 January and more were made until the last one on 20–21 April. After Italy signed the Treaty of London and declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire on 23 May, the ship was still assigned to the 2nd Flotilla when the unit was transferred to the 1st Division of Destroyers and Submarines (Шаблон:Lang) of the 2nd Squadron (Шаблон:Lang) based at Brindisi, Italy.[7]
Mameluk rammed the French destroyer Шаблон:Ship in the Ionian Sea on 5 June 1915, so badly damaging Fantassin that the French destroyer Шаблон:Ship had to scuttle her.[8]
In 1916, Mameluk escorted the submarines Faraday and Le Verrier to Milo.[5] On 14 December 1917, along with Lansquenet, she sank the Imperial German Navy U-boat Шаблон:SMU off Cape Ducato in the Ionian Sea after the submarine torpedoed and sunk the French protected cruiser Шаблон:Ship.[5]
Mameluk was sold for scrap in 1928.[5]
Citations
Bibliography
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Шаблон:Spahi class destroyer Шаблон:June 1915 shipwrecks
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