Английская Википедия:French ironclad Solférino
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics
Solférino was the second and last ship of the Шаблон:Sclass of broadside ironclads built for the French Navy (Шаблон:Lang) in the early 1860s.
These two ironclads were the only two-decked broadside ironclad battleships ever built. They were also the first ships in the world to be equipped with a spur ram.
Design and description
The Magenta class were two-decked ironclad ships of the line, much as the preceding Шаблон:Sclass were armored versions of traditional frigates. Solférino was Шаблон:Cvt long, had a beam of Шаблон:Convert, and a draft of Шаблон:Convert. The ship displaced Шаблон:Cvt.[1] The Magentas were equipped with a metal-reinforced, spur-shaped ram, the first ironclads to be fitted with a ram,[2] and they had a crew of 674 officers and enlisted men.[1]
The Magenta-class ships had a single two-cylinder horizontal-return connecting-rod compound steam engine that drove the propeller shaft,[3] using steam provided by eight boilers.[1][4] The engine was rated at 1,000 nominal horsepower or Шаблон:Convert and was intended to give the ships a speed in excess of Шаблон:Convert.[2] During their sea trials, Solférino[3] achieved a speed of Шаблон:Convert from Шаблон:Convert.[1] The Magenta class carried enough coal to allow them to steam for Шаблон:Convert at a speed of Шаблон:Convert.[4] They were originally fitted with a three-masted barquentine rig that had a sail area of Шаблон:Convert, but they were re-rigged as barques with Шаблон:Cvt in 1864–1865.[3][4]
Armament and protection
The main battery of the Magenta class consisted of sixteen Шаблон:Convert Modèle 1858–60 smoothbore muzzle-loading guns, thirty-four Шаблон:Convert Modèle 1858–60 rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns and a pair of Шаблон:Convert RML howitzers on two gun decks. All of the 194 mm guns and ten of the 164.7 mm guns were mounted on the lower gun deck on the broadside. The remaining 164.7 mm guns and the 225 mm howitzers were positioned on the upper gun deck; the former on the broadside, but the latter were placed on pivot mounts as chase guns fore and aft.[1][3][4][5] In the late 1860s all of the guns on the lower gun deck were removed and their armament was changed to four Шаблон:Convert RMLs and eight 194 mm smoothbores, two each of the latter fore and aft as chase guns on the upper gun deck. Their final armament consisted of ten 240 mm Modèle 1864–66 guns and four 194 mm guns as chase guns fore and aft.[1][3]
The Magentas had a full-length waterline belt that consisted of wrought-iron plates Шаблон:Cvt thick. Above the belt both gun decks were protected with Шаблон:Cvt of armor, but the ends of the ships were unprotected.[2]
Construction and service
Solférino, named after the French victory in the Battle of Solferino,[6] was laid down on 24 June 1859 by the Arsenal de Lorient, launched on 24 June 1861 and commissioned on 25 August 1862.[1]
Citations
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite journal
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External links
- Plans of the Solférino (large TIF files) from the Atlas du génie maritime of the Service historique de la Défense" ("Historical services of the ministry of Defence")
Шаблон:Magenta class ironclads
