Английская Википедия:Fresno County, California

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox settlement

Fresno County (Шаблон:IPAc-en), officially the County of Fresno, is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 1,008,654.[1][2] The county seat is Fresno,[3] the fifth-most populous city in California.

Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.[4][5]

History

The area now known as Fresno County was the traditional homeland of Yokuts and Mono peoples, and was later settled by Spaniards during a search for suitable mission sites. In 1846, this area became part of the United States as a result of the Mexican War.

Fresno County was formed in 1856 from parts of Mariposa, Merced and Tulare counties. Fresno is Spanish for "ash tree"[6] and it was in recognition of the abundance of the shrubby local ash, Fraxinus dipetala, growing along the San Joaquin River that it received its name. Parts of Fresno County's territory were given to Mono County in 1861 and to Madera County in 1893. The original county seat was along the San Joaquin River in Millerton, but was moved to the rapidly growing town of Fresno on the newly built Southern Pacific Railroad line after a flood destroyed much of the town.Шаблон:Citation needed

The settling of Fresno County was not without its conflicts, land disputes, and other natural disasters. Floods caused immeasurable damage elsewhere and fires also plagued the settlers of Fresno County. In 1882, the greatest of the early day fires wiped out an entire block of the city of Fresno, and was followed by another devastating blaze in 1883.

At the same time residents brought irrigation, electricity, and extensive agriculture to the area. In 1865, William Helm brought his sheep to Fresno county, which was then a vast space of open land. Helm was the largest individual sheep grower in Fresno County. Moses Church developed the first canals, called "Church Ditches," for irrigation. These canals allowed extensive cultivation of wheat. Francis Eisen, leader of the wine industry in Fresno County, also began the raisin industry in 1875, when he accidentally let some of his grapes dry on the vine. Anthony Easterby and Clovis Cole developed extensive grain and cattle ranches. These and other citizens laid the groundwork for the cultivation of Fresno County – now one of the nation's leading agricultural regions. In more recent times cotton became a major crop in Fresno and the southern San Joaquin Valley, but recent drought and lower demand have lessened cotton's importance to the local economy.Шаблон:Citation needed

The discovery of oil in the western part of the county, near the town of Coalinga at the foot of the Coast Ranges, brought about an economic boom in the 1900s (decade), even though the field itself was known at least as early as the 1860s. By 1910, Coalinga Oil Field, the largest field in Fresno County, was the most richly productive oil field in California; a dramatic oil gusher in 1909, the biggest in California up until that time, was an event of sufficient excitement to cause the Los Angeles Stock Exchange to close for a day so that its members could come by train to view it. The Coalinga field continues to produce oil, and is currently the eighth-largest field in the state.[7][8]

More than thirty structures in Fresno County are on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Fresno Water Tower, which once held over Шаблон:Convert of water for the city of Fresno, the Meux Home, and Kearney Mansion Museum.Шаблон:Citation needed

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Шаблон:Convert, of which Шаблон:Convert is land and Шаблон:Convert (0.9%) is water.[9]

Fresno County consists of about 38 smaller towns including Fresno, Selma, Parlier, Clovis, Reedly, Sanger, Kerman, Kingsburg, Coalinga, Firebaugh, Calwa, Friant, Mendota, Fowler, Shaver lake, San Joaquin, Orange Cove, Del Ray, Yokuts Valley, Auberry, Huron, Caruthers, Riverdale, Laton, Big Creek, Tranquility, Biola, Raisin City, Easton, Three Rocks, Cantou Creek, Lanare, Minkler, Mayfair, Malaga, Bowles, Monmouth, and West Park.[10][11]

Major watercourses are the San Joaquin River, Kings River, Delta-Mendota Canal, Big Creek, Friant Kern Canal, Helm Canal and Madera Canal. It is bordered on the west by the Coast Range and on the east by the Sierra Nevada. It is the center of a large agricultural area, known as the most agriculturally rich county in the United States. The county withdrew Шаблон:Convert of fresh water per day in 2000, more than any other county in the United States. In recent years, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.[4][5]

Fresno County is part of the Madera AVA wine region. However, Fresno was named after two particular ash trees that grew near the town of Minkler on the Kings River, one of which is still alive and standing.Шаблон:Citation needed

National protected areas

Geology

A number of minerals have been discovered in the county, including macdonaldite, krauskopfite, walstromite, fresnoite, verplanckite, muirite, traskite, and kampfite.[12][13]

In October 2019, the Bureau of Land Management ended a five-year moratorium on leasing federal land in California to fossil fuel companies, opening 725,000 acres (1100 sq. miles; 29,000 ha) to drilling in San Benito, Monterey, and Fresno counties.[14]

Demographics

Шаблон:US Census population

2020 census

Fresno County, California - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[15] Pop 2020[16] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 304,522 271,889 32.73% 26.96%
Black or African American alone (NH) 45,005 44,295 4.84% 4.39%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 5,979 6,074 0.64% 0.60%
Asian alone (NH) 86,856 109,665 9.33% 10.87%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 1,066 1,233 0.11% 0.12%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 1,744 5,209 0.19% 0.52%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 17,208 29,546 1.85% 2.93%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 468,070 540,743 50.31% 53.61%
Total 930,450 1,008,654 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2010 Census

Шаблон:Citation needed span The racial makeup of Fresno County was 515,145 (55.4%) White, 49,523 (5.3%) African American, 15,649 (1.7%) Native American, 89,357 (9.6%) Asian (3.3% Hmong, 1.7% Asian Indian, 1.0% Filipino, 0.8% Laotian, 0.6% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.5% Cambodian, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean, 0.1% Pakistani, 0.1% Thai), 1,405 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 217,085 (23.3%) from other races, and 42,286 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 468,070 persons (50.3%).[17] 46.0% of Fresno County's population is of Mexican descent; 0.7% of its residents are Salvadoran, and 0.3% of its residents are Puerto Rican.

2000

As of the census[18] of 2000, there were 799,407 people, 252,940 households, and 186,669 families residing in the county. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 270,767 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 54.3% White, 5.3% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 8.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 25.9% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. 44.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In terms of ancestry, the county was 7.5% German, 6.6% Irish, 6.3% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 59.3% spoke English, 31.5% Spanish and 3.1% Hmong as their first language.

There were 252,940 households, out of which 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.59.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,725, and the median income for a family was $38,455. Males had a median income of $33,375 versus $26,501 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,495. About 17.6% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.7% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Fresno County is also known for having the highest rate of chlamydia in the state. In 2006 it had 545.2 cases per 100,000 people, compared with the statewide average of 363.5.

Metropolitan Statistical Area

The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Fresno County as the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.[19] The United States Census Bureau ranked the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 56th most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[20]

The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as a component of the more extensive Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area,[19] the 49th most populous combined statistical area and the 55th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[20][21]

Government and policing

Government

The Government of Fresno County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, law, and the Charter of the County of Fresno. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Fresno County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.

The County government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected offices including the Sheriff,[22] District Attorney, Assessor-Recorder, Auditor-Controller/Treasurer-Tax Collector, and Clerk/Registrar of Voters, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Administrator. As of February 2018 the members of the Fresno County Board of Supervisors are:[23]

  • Brian Pacheco, District 1
  • Steve Brandau, District 2
  • Sal Quintero, District 3,
  • Buddy Mendes, District 4
  • Nathan Magsig, District 5

Policing

County Sheriff

The Fresno County Sheriff provides court protection, jail administration, and coroner services for all of Fresno County and its population of approximately of 994,400 residents. They operate the Fresno County Jail in downtown Fresno. The department provides police patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county which encompasses approximately 250,000 residents, or 25% of the county's total population. The department also provides law enforcement services by contract with the city of San Joaquin, population 4100.

Municipal police

Municipal police departments in the county are: Fresno, population 500,000; Clovis, 110,000; Sanger, 25,000; Reedley, 24,000; Selma, 23,000; Coalinga, 17,000; Kerman, 14,000; Kingsburg, 12,000; Huron, 7,000; Firebaugh, 8,500; Fowler, 6,500.

Politics

Overview

Fresno County's voter registration shows a majority of Democratic voters.[24] Presidential elections have been competitive in recent decades. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democratic presidential candidate since Lyndon Johnson in 1964 to win a majority of the vote in Fresno County.

The cities of Clovis, Coalinga, and Kingsburg voted overwhelmingly for Governor Mitt Romney. Reedley did so by much lesser margins and is now a GOP-leaning "swing" city in the county. Huron, Mendota, Orange Cove, Parlier, Fowler, Firebaugh, Fresno, Kerman, Sanger, Selma and San Joaquin voted overwhelmingly for President Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012.Шаблон:Citation needed

According to the California Secretary of State, in October 2012 there were 410,188 registered voters in Fresno County. 158,267 (38.6%) were registered Republican, 164,663 (40.1%) were registered Democratic, 19,841 (4.8%) are registered with other political parties, and 67,417 (16.4%) declined to state a political party.Шаблон:Citation needed Republicans have a plurality or majority of voter roll registration in the cities of Clovis, Coalinga, Kingsburg, Reedley, and the unincorporated areas. The other cities and towns have Democratic pluralities or majorities.

From Fresno County's incorporation in 1856, it voted Democratic in every election until the 1904 election in California, when President Theodore Roosevelt stood for re-election. Fresno County backed Roosevelt over his Democratic opponent Alton B. Parker. This did not immediately change the county's voting tendencies, however. It supported southern Democrat Woodrow Wilson in the elections of 1912 and 1916.

Fresno County was generally Republican from the onset of the "roaring 1920s" until the Great Depression, when former President Franklin D. Roosevelt forged the New Deal Coalition that benefitted the agrarian county. From 1932 till 1976 the county consistently voted Democratic, barring Richard Nixon's landslide victory over former Senator George McGovern (D-SD) in the 1972 Presidential Election.

With former President Jimmy Carter's defeat by former President Reagan, Fresno became a GOP-leaning swing county: it barely favored Reagan's successor former President George Bush and voted Democratic for Bill Clinton only in his 1992 presidential bid. Republicans won elections in Fresno County by increasing margins from 1996 to 2004, but when the GOP lost ground with Hispanic voters after 2004, the county swung Democratic, voting twice for Barack Obama, and then for Hillary Clinton in 2016. Until the 2020 election, with Joe Biden winning nearly 53% of the vote, the last time the Democratic nominee won with an absolute majority of the vote was the 1964 election.

Шаблон:PresHead Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresRow Шаблон:PresFoot

In the United States House of Representatives, Fresno County is split among four congressional districts:[25]

In the California State Senate, the county is split among 3 legislative districts:[30]

In the California State Assembly, Fresno County is split between Шаблон:Representative, and Шаблон:Representative.[31]

Fresno tends to remain socially conservative while being more moderate on economic issues, which can be seen in Fresno's support for socially conservative proposition amendments but occasionally voting for a Democratic Presidential Candidate if economic times are poor such as former President Bill Clinton's victory over incumbent former President George H.W. Bush in 1992 and President Barack Obama over Senator John McCain in 2008.

As of 2022, elections for president lean Democratic. Statewide races have historically been competitive. Elections for governor are considered safe for Republicans. This is a somewhat unusual difference in voting patterns for a California county. For example, although Fresno County gave a majority of its votes to Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election and has voted for the Democrat running for president ever since 2008, it voted “Yes” in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election and has voted for the Republican candidate for governor in every election since 1978.

On November 4, 2008, Fresno County voted 68.6% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.

Voter registration statistics

Cities by population and voter registration

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Economy

Agriculture

Agriculture is the primary industry in Fresno County.[36] Шаблон:Convert are under cultivation, almost half the total county area of Шаблон:Convert.[36] Ag production totaled $7.98 billion in 2017, making it the number one agricultural county in the nation.[36] Over 300 different crops are grown here.[36] Major crops and livestocks include:

The grape harvest brought in $1,046,356,645 in 2017.[36] Production is chronically threatened by the presence of the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter and the disease it carries, Pierce's Disease.[37][38][39][40] See Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter in California and Pierce's Disease in California.

Pistachio production in the United States was 523,900 MT in 2021, with 40% of that number being from Fresno, California. [41][42]

The peach harvest was worth $264,139,238 in 2017.[36]

Fresno is the second highest cotton producer in the state, harvesting 223,443 bales in 2017.[43] This is a close second to neighboring Kings.[43]

Due to its tremendous agricultural success, the county also has a tremendous problem with glyphosate resistance.[44] Okada et al., 2013 finds a high degree of resistance in Marestail (Conyza canadensis).[44]

Companies based in Fresno County

Major employers

Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break

Commercial/Industrial

Шаблон:Col-break

Government

Шаблон:Col-end

Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break

Healthcare

Шаблон:Col-break

Nonprofits (community-based organizations)

Шаблон:Col-end

Education

Tertiary education

Educational institutions in Fresno County include:

Within the California Community Colleges System, Fresno County is mostly covered by the State Center Community College District and the West Hills Community College District. The following campuses are in Fresno County:[47]

K-12 education

School districts include:[48]

K-12: Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Secondary:

Elementary: Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Public libraries

In addition, the Fresno County Public Library operates public libraries throughout the county.

Transportation

Major highways

Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Rail

Airports

Commercial service
General Aviation

Public transportation

Attractions

Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break

Шаблон:Col-break

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Файл:Forestiere Gardens.jpg
Forestiere Underground Garden

Communities

Cities

Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Census-designated places

Шаблон:Div col

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Unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Fresno County.[49]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 † Fresno City 494,665
2 Clovis City 95,631
3 Sanger City 24,270
4 Reedley City 24,194
5 Selma City 23,219
6 Parlier City 14,494
7 Kerman City 13,544
8 Coalinga City 13,380
9 Kingsburg City 11,382
10 Mendota City 11,014
11 Orange Cove City 9,078
12 Firebaugh City 7,549
13 Huron City 6,754
14 Fowler City 5,570
15 Old Fig Garden CDP 5,365
16 Mayfair CDP 4,589
17 Sunnyside CDP 4,235
18 San Joaquin City 4,001
19 Tarpey Village CDP 3,888
20 Squaw Valley CDP 3,162
21 Riverdale CDP 3,153
22 Caruthers CDP 2,497
23 Auberry CDP 2,369
24 Easton CDP 2,083
25 Calwa CDP 2,052
26 Laton CDP 1,824
27 Del Rey CDP 1,639
28 Biola CDP 1,623
29 West Park CDP 1,157
30 Minkler CDP 1,003
31 Malaga CDP 947
32 Tranquillity CDP 799
33 Shaver Lake CDP 634
34 Lanare CDP 589
35 Friant CDP 509
36 Cantua Creek CDP 466
37 Centerville CDP 392
38 Raisin City CDP 380
39 Three Rocks CDP 246
40 Fort Washington CDP 233
41 Cold Springs Rancheria[50] AIAN 184
42 Big Creek CDP 175
43 Bowles CDP 166
44 Monmouth CDP 152
45 Big Sandy Rancheria[51] AIAN 118
46 Table Mountain Rancheria[52] AIAN 64

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Geographic location

Шаблон:Cities of Fresno County, California Шаблон:San Joaquin Valley Шаблон:California Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Pop2020 не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ History of the Coalinga area Шаблон:Webarchive
  8. ↑ California Department of Conservation, Oil and Gas Statistics, Annual Report, December 31, 2006, p. 66-67 (2–3 in PDF file)
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:USCensus2010CA
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite GovTrack
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite GovTrack
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite GovTrack
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite GovTrack
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 State of California. Department of Finance. Forecasting. Demographics. "E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State — January 1, 2019 and 2020" http://dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Estimates/E-1/ Шаблон:Webarchive . Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  33. ↑ 33,00 33,01 33,02 33,03 33,04 33,05 33,06 33,07 33,08 33,09 33,10 33,11 33,12 33,13 33,14 33,15 33,16 County of Fresno. Registrar of Voters. October 19, 2020 - Statement of Registration Certification Шаблон:Webarchive. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  34. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  35. ↑ 35,0 35,1 35,2 35,3 35,4 35,5 35,6 35,7 35,8 35,9 Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Шаблон:Webarchive. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  36. ↑ 36,0 36,1 36,2 36,3 36,4 36,5 Шаблон:Cite web
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  44. ↑ 44,0 44,1 Шаблон:Cite journal Шаблон:Cite journal These reviews cite Okada: Шаблон:Cite journal
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web - Text list
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ [1]Шаблон:Dead link
  51. ↑ [2]Шаблон:Dead link
  52. ↑ [3]Шаблон:Dead link


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