Английская Википедия:Friends meeting houses in Pennsylvania
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Friends meeting houses are places of worship for the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. A "meeting" is the equivalent of a church congregation, and a "meeting house" is the equivalent of a church building.
Several Friends meetings were founded in Pennsylvania in the early 1680s.Шаблон:Efn The Merion Friends Meeting House is the only surviving meeting house constructed before 1700.[1] Thirty-two surviving Pennsylvania meeting houses were constructed before 1800, and are listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or as contributing properties in historic districts.[2] More than one hundred meeting houses constructed before 1900 were documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey, and published in Silent Witness: Quaker Meeting Houses in the Delaware Valley, 1695 to the Present (2002).[3] Those that were involved in the Underground Railroad have been identified by the Federal NETWORK TO FREEDOM program (NTF).
One of the key tenets of the Religious Society of Friends is pacifism, adherence to the Peace Testimony. The "Free Quakers" were supporters of the American Revolutionary War, separated from the Society, and built their own meeting house in Philadelphia, at 5th & Arch Streets (1783).
In 1827, the Great Separation divided Pennsylvania Quakers into two branches, Orthodox and Hicksite. Many individual meetings also separated, but one branch generally kept possession of the meeting house. The two branches reunited in the 1950s.
Meeting houses
Demolished meeting houses
| Name | Image | Founded | Constructed | Demolished | Notes | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre Square Meeting House | Файл:1687 Thomas Holme Map detail.jpg Shown at center of map |
1684 | 1685-1687[11]Шаблон:Efn | Summer 1702[12] | Built on what is now the site of Philadelphia City Hall Salvaged materials from it were used to build the Bank Meeting House |
Broad and High (Market) Streets, Philadelphia | |
| Chester Friends Meeting House | Файл:Chester Friends Meetinghouse.png | 1675 | 1687–1693 | Шаблон:Circa1735 | William Penn attended meeting in Chester, probably in a private home, soon after his October 1682 arrival. |
near 24th & Chestnut Streets, along Ridley Creek, Chester | |
| Evening Meeting HouseШаблон:Efn replaced on the same site by Bank Meeting House |
1682 | 1683-1685Шаблон:Efn | 1698 | A temporary, wood-frame building, built on Bank Hill, along the Delaware River.[13]Шаблон:Efn Also used for meetings of the Pennsylvania General Assembly and Provincial Council.[14] |
W. side of Front Street, btw. Race & Vine Streets, Philadelphia | ||
| Bank Meeting HouseШаблон:Efn | Файл:Scharf&Westcott HistoryofPhiladelphia vol.1 p.121.jpg | 1703 | A large two-story, three-bay brick building, Шаблон:Cvt square, with separate entrances for men and women.[15]Шаблон:Rp Built using salvaged materials from the demolished Centre Square Meeting House.[15]Шаблон:Rp Sold 1791.[12] |
||||
| Fourth Street Meeting House and School | 1763-1764[16] | 1859[16] | A two-story brick building, "76 feet front on Fourth street, 42 feet deep."[16] Built beside the Friends Public School (for boys). A school for girls occupied the meeting house's second floor.[16] |
E. side of Fourth Street, btw. Chestnut & Sansom Streets, Philadelphia | PAB[17] | ||
| Great Meeting House (High Street Meeting House) replaced on the same site by Greater Meeting House |
Файл:2nd & Market Sts Philadelphia Wade 1875.jpg Great Meeting House |
1695 | 1755 | Interior lighted by a roof lantern.Шаблон:Efn | SW. corner 2nd & Market Streets, Philadelphia | PAB[18] | |
| Greater Meeting House | Файл:Breton FriendsMeetingHouse SW corner 2nd&High Sts.jpg Greater Meeting House |
1755 | 1812-1813 | A square, two-and-a-half-story brick building, Шаблон:Cvt per side, built by carpenter Abraham Carlisle and his apprentice Isaac Coates.Шаблон:Efn Dismantled by carpenter John D. Smith, and used to build Twelfth Street Meeting House, 1813-1814. |
|||
| Green Street Meeting House Home of the North Monthly Meeting until c.1828 |
1815-1816[12] | Шаблон:Circa1970 | "The dimensions of the building were forty-seven by seventy-three feet."[19] Home of the Monthly Meeting for the Northern District until the 1827-28 Hicksite/Orthodox schism.[20] Discontinued as a meeting, 1914. Reopened as Friends Neighborhood House, a settlement house serving immigrant communities.[20] |
SE. corner 4th & Green Streets, Philadelphia | |||
| Key's Alley Meeting House Home of the North Monthly Meeting, 1790-1816 |
1790 | Dimensions: "68 by 50 feet, … an additional apartment of brick 40 by 45 feet on the north side of the building, for a Monthly Meeting room."[12] Home of the North Meeting until 1816, when it moved to Green Street Meeting House.[12] The former meeting house became a Philadelphia public school.[12] |
N. side of New Street, btw. Front & 2nd Streets, Philadelphia | ||||
| North Meeting House[20] | 1838 | Шаблон:Circa1968 | Built for Orthodox Friends who separated from the Hicksite Green Street Meeting House. "The dimensions of the building were 118 by 65 feet, with a height of 30 feet."[20] Discontinued as a meeting, 1914. Sold 1918; became a community center and playground.[20] |
SW. corner 6th & Noble Streets, Philadelphia | |||
| Pine Street Meeting House (Hill Meeting House) |
1747 | 1752-1753[16] | Land donated by Samuel Powel.[21] "The meeting agrees that a brick house of 60 feet front, and 43 feet deep shall be built on said lot."[16] A two-story, three-bay brick building, with separate entrances for men and women.[15]Шаблон:Rp Robert Smith, builder |
S. side of Pine Street, btw. Front & 2nd Streets, Philadelphia | PAB[22] | ||
Notes
References
Further reading
- Brief Historical Sketches concerning Friends' Meetings of the Past and Present with special reference to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, compiled by T. Chalkey Matlack, Moorestown, N.J. 1938. Available at the Friends Historical Library at Swarthmore College.
- Шаблон:Cite book
See also
External links
- QuakerMeetings.com, "Monthly Meetings in North America: A Quaker Index" - a database of the history of meetings (rather than meeting houses)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Friend Meeting House Survey, Historic American Buildings Survey, 2002, notes used for Silent Witness, available at Friends Historic Library at Swarthmore College.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Patrick W. O'Bannon, 1986, [[[:Шаблон:NRHP-PA]] NRHP Nomination Form - Bristol Historic District]
- ↑ National Historic Landmark Nomination, Buckingham Friends Meeting House
- ↑ Seventy-Seventh Annual Report of the Managers of the Apprentices' Library of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: Spangler & Davis, 1897), pp. 7-8.[3]
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal and Шаблон:NHLS url Шаблон:Small
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Note: This includes Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Charles Hough, "It's all about the trusses," April 2008 lecture, from The George School.
- ↑ Twelfth Street Meeting House, from HABS.
- ↑ J. W. Lippincott, "Early Meetinghouses of Friends," Friends' Intelligencer and Journal, vol. 46, no. 29 (September 20, 1889), pp. 452-54.
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,5 J. W. Lippincott, "Early Meetinghouses of Friends," Friends' Intelligencer and Journal, vol. 46, no. 30 (September 27, 1889), pp. 467-69.
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокS&W vol.2 p.1242не указан текст - ↑ J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, History of Philadelphia, Volume 1 (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1888), p. 121.[4]
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Seth Beeson Hinshaw, The Evolution of Quaker Meeting Houses in North America, 1670-2000 (master's thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2001).(PDF)
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 16,5 J. W. Lippincott, "Early Meetinghouses of Friends," Friends' Intelligencer and Journal, vol. 46, no. 31 (October 3, 1889), pp. 486-87.
- ↑ 4th Street Meeting House and School, from PAB.
- ↑ Great Meeting House, from PAB.
- ↑ J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, History of Philadelphia, Volume 2 (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1888), p. 1260.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 20,3 20,4 "The Passing of the North Meeting-House, Philadelphia," Quaker History, vol. 8, no. 3 (November 1918), pp. 106-08.[5]
- ↑ J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, History of Philadelphia, Volume 2 (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1888), p. 1250.
- ↑ Pine Street Meeting, from PAB.
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