Английская Википедия:Fu (character)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italicize title Шаблон:Use American English

Файл:100 Fu (a papercut).JPG
A papercut showing the character Шаблон:Zhi written in 100 different ways (11 × 9, plus 1)[1]

The Chinese character fu (Шаблон:Audio-lang), meaning 'fortune' or 'good luck' is represented both as a Chinese ideograph and, at times, pictorially, in one of its homophonous forms. It is often found on a figurine of the male god of the same name, one of the trio of "star gods" Шаблон:Zhi, Шаблон:Zhi, and Шаблон:Zhi.

Mounted fu are a widespread Chinese tradition associated with Chinese New Year and can be seen on the entrances of many Chinese homes worldwide. The characters are generally printed on a square piece of paper or stitched in fabric. The practice is universal among Chinese people regardless of socioeconomic status, and dates to at least the Song dynasty (960 – 1279 CE).

When displayed as a Chinese ideograph, fu is often displayed upside-down on diagonal red squares. The reasoning is based on a wordplay: in nearly all varieties of Chinese, the words for Шаблон:Zhi and Шаблон:Zhi are homophonous. Therefore, the phrase 'upside-down fuШаблон:' sounds nearly identical to the phrase 'good luck arrives'. Pasting the character upside-down on a door or doorpost thus translates into a wish for prosperity to descend upon a dwelling.

Another story states that posting the character upside-down originates with the family of a 19th-century prince of the Qing dynasty.Шаблон:Citation needed The story states that on one Chinese New Year's Eve, or Шаблон:Zhi, the prince's servants played a practical joke by pasting fu characters throughout his royal dwelling. One illiterate servant inadvertently placed the characters upside-down. The prince was said to have been furious upon seeing the characters, but a quick-thinking servant humbly calmed the prince by saying that the occurrence must have been a sign of prosperity "arriving" upon his household by using the above wordplay.

Bats (Шаблон:Zhi) are among the most ubiquitous of all Chinese symbols, with the same symbolic meaning as the phono-semantic compound of fu.[2] A less common match is Шаблон:Zhi, not only because, according to Welch, "depictions of grain have been used throughout Chinese history to represent fecundity",[3] but also in concert with other grains with related homophonous wordplay—for example, Шаблон:Zhi is a syllable that can refer either to Шаблон:Zhi or Шаблон:Zhi.[4]

Usage of fu in various forms, such as in calligraphy, seals, paper crafts, and posters, represents the desire that one's good luck will be expansive and multifaceted. Chinese textiles and ceramics often found transcribe this felicitous message by portraying random numbers of bats in flight, sometimes can be more than a hundred.

Since 2017, the version 10 of the Unicode Standard features a rounded version of the character in the "Enclosed Ideographic Supplement" block, at code point Шаблон:Unichar.[5]

Gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Chinese New Year

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  1. ↑ Welch, Chinese Art, p. 4, by permission of the author
  2. ↑ Welch, Patricia Bjaaland, Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery, Tuttle Publishing, 2008, pp. 112–3.
  3. ↑ Welch, Chinese Art, p. 52
  4. ↑ Welch, Chinese Art, p. 52.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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