Английская Википедия:Fuchsia (color)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Pp-pc1 Шаблон:Infobox color
Fuchsia (Шаблон:IPAc-en, Шаблон:Respell) is a vivid pinkish-purplish-red color,[1] named after the color of the flower of the fuchsia plant, which was named by a French botanist, Charles Plumier, after the 16th-century German botanist Leonhart Fuchs.
The color fuchsia was introduced as the color of a new aniline dye called fuchsine, patented in 1859 by the French chemist François-Emmanuel Verguin. The dye was renamed magenta later in the same year, to celebrate a victory of the French army at the Battle of Magenta on 4 June 1859 near the Italian city of that name.[2]
The first recorded use of fuchsia as a color name in English was in 1892.[3]
In print and design
In color printing and design, there are more variations between magenta and fuchsia. Fuchsia is usually a more pinkish-purplish color, whereas magenta is more reddish.[4] Fuchsia flowers themselves contain a wide variety of purples. Fuchsia was a very popular aesthetic for fashion during the 2000s.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
Fuchsine
The first synthetic dye of the color fuchsia, called fuchsine, was patented in 1859 by François-Emmanuel Verguin. It was later renamed magenta, and became highly popular under that name.
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A sample of fuchsine dye in an aqueous solution
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Crystals of fuchsine dye and the color they produce
Fuchsia (web color)
Шаблон:Infobox color In the system of additive colors, the RGB color model used to create all the colors on a computer or television display, the colors magenta and fuchsia are exactly the same, and have the same hex number, #FF00FF.[11] The name fuchsia is used on the HTML web color list for this color, while the name magenta is used on the X11 web color list. They are both composed the same way, by combining an equal amount of blue and red light at full brightness, as shown in the image on the left.
Variations of fuchsia
French fuchsia
At right is displayed the color French fuchsia, which is the tone of fuchsia called fuchsia in a color list popular in France. Шаблон:-
Fuchsia rose
Fuchsia rose is the color that was chosen as the 2001 Pantone color of the year by Pantone.
Red-purple
Red-purple is the color that is called Rojo-Púrpura (the Spanish word for "red-purple") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.
Although red-purple is a seldom-used color name in English, in Spanish it is regarded one of the major tones of purple. Шаблон:-
Fuchsia purple
The color fuchsia purple is displayed at right.
The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #18-2436 TPX—Fuchsia Purple. Шаблон:-
Deep fuchsia
Deep fuchsia is the color that is called fuchsia in the List of Crayola crayon colors. Шаблон:-
Fandango
Displayed at right is the color fandango.
The first recorded use of fandango as a color name in English was in 1925.[12] Шаблон:-
Antique fuchsia
Displayed at right is the color antique fuchsia.
The first recorded use of antique fuchsia as a color name in English was in 1928.[13]
The source of this color is the Plochere Color System, a color system formulated in 1948 that is widely used by interior designers.[14] Шаблон:-
Crayola color fuchsia
In 1949, the color names of Crayola crayons were reformed and became more scientific, more of the names of the colors of the crayons being based on the names of colors in the original 1930 edition of the Dictionary of Color and the color names of the Munsell color system. Crayola crayons set up a color naming system similar to that used in the Munsell Color Wheel, except that violet instead of purple was used as the secondary color on the color wheel between red and blue. The web color fuchsia is equivalent to the pure chroma on Munsell Color Wheel of the Munsell color system that is designated as "5RP" (reddish purple) i.e., a purple that is shaded toward red (the color we can achieve today with computers is a much more saturated pure color wheel chroma hue than the original color chip shown on the Munsell color wheel diagram in the Munsell color system articleШаблон:Citation needed). In 1972, a new Crayola crayon color was introduced called hot magenta which is the closest equivalent to the web color fuchsia in Crayola crayons. (See List of Crayola crayon colors.)
The color shown in the color box above is the color called "Fuchsia" in A Dictionary of Color. That is why the name fuchsia was chosen as the equivalent to one of the three secondary additive primary colors, electric magenta, because A Dictionary of Color was the primary reference on color names (besides the Munsell Book of Color) before the introduction of personal computers. The color shown above is somewhat brighter than most actual flowers of the fuchsia plant. The color shown as magenta in A Dictionary of Color is a somewhat different color than the color shown in that book as fuchsia—it is the original color magenta now called rich magenta or magenta (dye) (see the article on magenta for a color box displaying a sample of this original magenta).
Pronunciation and spelling
While the original pronunciation from the word's German origin is "fookh-sya" Шаблон:IPA, the standard pronunciation for the common name in English is "fyu-sha" Шаблон:IPA. As a consequence, fuchsia is often misspelled as Шаблон:Sic in English.
When pronounced as scientific Latin name, the pronunciation would be "fookh-see-a", if one applies the rule that the root word in honorific Latin names should follow as much as possible the original pronunciation of the name of the person the plant is named for, plus the standard pronunciation of the Latin suffix. In practice, however, English-speaking botanists often pronounce it the same as the common name, "fyu-sha".
See also
References
- Philip Ball (2001), Bright Earth, Art and the Invention of Colour, Penguin Group, Шаблон:ISBN. (ISBN and page numbers are from the French translation).
Notes and citations
Шаблон:Web colors Шаблон:Shades of pink Шаблон:Shades of red Шаблон:Shades of violet Шаблон:Shades of magenta Шаблон:Color topics
- ↑ Oxford English dictionaries online: "a vivid pinkish-red colour like that of the sepals of a typical fuchsia flower". See also Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (2002), Oxford University Press, 5th Edition: "A shade of red like that of the fuchsia flower." See also Random House College Dictionary (1980), Revised Edition: "A Bright purplish-red color". See also Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language: "a purplish-red."
- ↑ Philip Ball, Bright Earth, Art and the Invention of Colour, p. 214.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul, A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill, p. 195; Color Sample of Fuchsia Page 123 Plate 50 Color Sample I 12
- ↑ Compare the colors Fuchsia and Magenta in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color by Maerz and Paul
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill, p. 195; Color Sample of Fandango Page 127 Plate 52 Color Sample L 10
- ↑ Maerz and Paul, A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill, p. 189; Color Sample of Antique Fuchsia Page 109 Plate 43 Color Sample K7
- ↑ Plochere Color System: Шаблон:Webarchive
