Английская Википедия:Fundoshi
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Multiple image
Шаблон:Nihongo3 is a traditional Japanese undergarment for males and females, made from a length of cotton.
Before World War II, the Шаблон:Transl was the main form of underwear for Japanese men and women.[1] However, it fell out of use quickly after the war with the introduction of new underpants to the Japanese market, such as briefs, boxer briefs and panties.[2] Nowadays, the Шаблон:Transl is mainly used not as underwear but as festival (Шаблон:Transl) clothing at Шаблон:Transl or, sometimes, as swimwear.[3]
Types and uses
The Шаблон:Transl is first mentioned in the classic Japanese history text, the Шаблон:Transl. They are also depicted on clay figures, Шаблон:Transl. The Шаблон:Transl was the underwear of choice of every Japanese adult male and female, rich or poor, high or low status, until after the Second World War, when Americanization popularized elasticized undergarments.[4] There are several types of Шаблон:Transl, including Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl and Шаблон:Transl.[3]
The Шаблон:Transl comes in several basic styles. The most relaxed type consists of a strip of cloth, wound around the hips, secured at the small of the back by knotting or twisting, with the excess brought forward between the legs, and tucked through the cloth belt in front to hang as an apron.
The second style, for people who are active, is formed when the cloth is wound around the hips so that there is an excess of an apron, which is brought back again between the legs and twisted around the belt-cloth in the back. The Шаблон:Transl is a length of cloth, the dimensions being one Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Cvt) wide and six Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Cvt) long; Шаблон:Transl is Japanese for 'six', hence Шаблон:Transl. The Шаблон:Transl is often twisted to create a thong effect at the back. It was also the standard male bathing suit. Male children learning to swim during the early 1960s were often told to wear this kind of Шаблон:Transl because a boy in trouble could be easily lifted out of the water by the back cloth of his Шаблон:Transl.[3]
The third style, called Шаблон:Transl, which originated in the vicinity of Toyama Prefecture, is a long rectangle of cloth with tapes at one narrow end. Шаблон:Transl is a length of cloth; however, it has a strip of material at the waist to form a fastening or string. The dimensions are Шаблон:Convert width by about Шаблон:Convert length, and it is tied with the material strip in front of the body. One ties the tapes around the hips, with the cloth at the small of the back, and then pulls the cloth between the legs and through the belt, letting the remainder hang as an apron. Such Шаблон:Transl was issued to Japanese troops in World War II, and often were the sole garb of Allied POWs in tropic areas. The best material for this is white linen or white cotton. Silk crepe may be used according to one's taste, but plain silk is not suitable. In winter it may be lined with similar material, but in other seasons it is always single. Both ends (or front and back) are hemmed to put cords through. One of the cords forms a loop to suspend the front end from the neck, and the other secures the back end by being tied in the front.[3]
Variations
There are many other varieties of Шаблон:Transl as there are many variations on the principle of a loincloth. For example, the Шаблон:Transl (literally "earth-basket loincloth" because it looks like the traditional baskets used in construction), is made like the Шаблон:Transl but without a front apron; the cloth is secured to the belt to make a bikini effect. The Шаблон:Transl (literally "black cat Шаблон:Transl") is like the Шаблон:Transl except that the portion that passes from front to back is tailored to create a thong effect.[5] Шаблон:Transl are not typically worn as everyday clothing. Шаблон:Transl is mainly worn on specific, traditional occasions, particularly when participating in Шаблон:Transl. During February, nearly 10,000 men will gather at Saidaiji Temple in Okayama wearing only Шаблон:Transl to participate in the festival in hopes of gaining luck for the entire year.[5]
The samurai wore Шаблон:Transl as underwear with armor, combined with a Шаблон:Transl shirt.[5] Sumo wrestlers also wear a form of this garment, the Шаблон:Transl.[6] Шаблон:Transl are often worn with a Шаблон:Transl or Шаблон:Transl (a short cotton jacket with straight sleeves) during summer festivals by men and women who carry Шаблон:Transl (portable shrines) in Shinto processions. Outside Japan it is perhaps best known from the drumming groups Ondekoza and Kodo, who appear dressed in only a white Шаблон:Transl and a headband. Шаблон:Transl is sometimes used as traditional swimsuits. In some high schools, boys swim wearing Шаблон:Transl. Incumbent Emperor of Japan Naruhito also swam in Шаблон:Transl in his childhood. In the pools and beaches of Japan, Шаблон:Transl-wearing swimmers occasionally can be seen, as in the case with Шаблон:Transl divers in the past.
In late 2008, the Japanese firm Wacoal began marketing Шаблон:Transl for women and have had greater than expected sales. The loincloths for women come in seven different colors and two designs—plain and chequered.[7]
Cultural comparisons
The Japanese idiom Шаблон:Transliteration ('tighten your loincloth') means the same as the English phrase "roll up your sleeves" or even more accurately "gird up your loins"—in other words, get ready for some hard work.[1] The Japanese idiom Шаблон:Transliteration (literally, 'anyone else's Шаблон:Transliteration') is often used in a cautionary context about borrowing or using tools or materials belonging to someone else, the meaning extended to that of profiting at another's expense or taking risks with someone else's money.
See also
- Loincloth
- Kaupina
- Шаблон:Nihongo3
- List of Japanese clothing
- Шаблон:Transl
- Kodō
- Шаблон:Transl, loincloth worn in sumo wrestling
References
External links
- "The Loincloth of Borneo" by Otto Steinmayer – A scholarly article on the wearing of loincloths, with brief mentions of fundoshi. Includes social and cultural connotations, modesty issues, etc.
- Fundoshi – Japanese Loincloth – the three basic types of fundoshi (via the Wayback Machine)
- Fundoshi (loincloth) – brief history and types
- Tying fundoshi:
- How to tie a Fundoshi – via the Wayback Machine
- Knotting the Rokusyaku Fundoshi – diagram
- How to put on a Fundoshi 褌 Japanese loin cloth video – via the Wayback Machine
Шаблон:Japanese clothing Шаблон:Men's undergarments Шаблон:Lingerie
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