Английская Википедия:Günther Schwägermann

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Günther August Wilhelm Schwägermann (24 July 1915, date of death unknown) served in the Nazi government of German chancellor Adolf Hitler. From approximately late 1941, Schwägermann served as the adjutant for Joseph Goebbels. He reached the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer (captain). Schwägermann survived World War II and was held in American captivity from 25 June 1945 until 24 April 1947.

Life up to 1945

Born in Uelzen, Schwägermann attended secondary school and later joined the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler on 8 April 1937. He was sent to the SS-Junkerschule Bad Tölz for officers' training from October 1938 until September 1939.Шаблон:Sfn He later served with the 4th SS Polizei Division in France and Russia, and lost an eye to a Russian rifle-butt on the Eastern front. After this injury he became the adjutant for Joseph Goebbels and was promoted to the rank of SS-Obersturmführer. Later on 29 November 1944, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer.Шаблон:Sfn In January 1945, Goebbels sent Schwägermann to his villa at Lanke, ordering him to bring his wife, Magda, and their children to stay at an air raid shelter on Schwanenwerder.

In the Reich Chancellery bunker

By 22 April 1945, while the Soviets were attacking Berlin, Joseph and Magda Goebbels brought their children to the Vorbunker to stay. Schwägermann came with them. Adolf Hitler had already taken up residence in the lower Führerbunker in January 1945.Шаблон:Sfn It was in that protected bunker complex below the Reich Chancellery garden of Berlin that Hitler and a few loyal personnel were gathered to direct the city's final defence.Шаблон:Sfn

By the time of Hitler's death on 30 April 1945, the Soviet Army was less than 500 metres from the bunker complex. On 1 May 1945, Goebbels arranged for an SS dentist, Helmut Kunz, to inject his six children with morphine so that when they were unconscious, an ampule of cyanide could be then crushed in each of their mouths.Шаблон:Sfn According to Kunz's later testimony, he gave the children morphine injections but it was Magda Goebbels and SS-Obersturmbannführer Ludwig Stumpfegger, Hitler's personal doctor, who administered the cyanide.Шаблон:Sfn

At around 20:30, Goebbels and his wife, Magda left the bunker and walked up to the garden of the Chancellery, where they committed suicide.Шаблон:Sfn There are several different accounts of this event. According to one account, Goebbels shot his wife and then himself. Another account was that they each bit on a cyanide ampule and were given a coup de grâce immediately afterwards.Шаблон:Sfn Schwägermann testified in 1948 that the couple walked ahead of him up the stairs and out into the Chancellery garden. He waited in the stairwell and heard the shots sound.Шаблон:Sfn Schwägermann then walked up the remaining stairs and once outside he saw the lifeless bodies of the couple. Following Joseph Goebbels' prior order, Schwägermann had an SS soldier fire several shots into Goebbels' body, which did not move.Шаблон:Sfn The bodies were then doused with petrol, but the remains were only partially burned and not buried.Шаблон:Sfn According to Brunhilde Pomsel, Schwägermann was the one who personally informed the occupants of the Führerbunker of the suicides of Hitler and Goebbels, as well as their respective wives.

Breakout

In one of Hitler's last orders, he had given permission for the Berlin forces to attempt a breakout of the Soviet encirclement after his death.Шаблон:Sfn General Helmuth Weidling, commander of the Berlin Defence Area, and SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke, the (Kommandant) Battle Commander for the centre government district, devised a plan to escape out from Berlin to the Allies on the western side of the Elbe or to the German Army to the North. Mohnke split up the Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker soldiers and personnel into ten main groups.Шаблон:Sfn Schwägermann was in one of the breakout groups of 1 May.Шаблон:Sfn The group, including Werner Naumann, Hans Baur, Georg Betz, Alfred Rach, and Ludwig Stumpfegger, walked underground along the U-Bahn. They were joined by Artur Axmann before surfacing at Stadtmitte station, and later by Martin Bormann. At Lehrter Bahnhof they split up, Schwägermann, Naumann, and Rach heading west along Invalidenstraße towards Moabit. They hid in industrial wasteground for several days before escaping Berlin and reaching the American Zone to the west.Шаблон:Sfn

After the war

Schwägermann reunited with his wife in Munich and lived incognito until 25 June 1945, when the couple were reported to the Counterintelligence Corps and taken into U.S. custody. Schwägermann remained a prisoner of war in various camps until 24 April 1947.

Later in life, he lived in northern Germany.Шаблон:Sfn In February 1948 in Hanover he gave two interviews and a written statement about Hitler's last days, English translations of which were made for Michael Musmanno. In 1951 he was among the ex-comrades under Werner Naumann who formed the Naumann Circle and infiltrated the Lower Saxony branch of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and got Шаблон:Ill elected to its Landtag. He commented publicly in June 1954 on The Last Days of Hitler by Hugh Trevor-Roper, among whose sources was the transcript of Schwägermann's 1945–6 debriefing by the US military, but who did not himself speak to Schwägermann. In the 1950s Schwägermann founded an import–export company named Labora in Munich with Hartmann Lauterbacher's brother Hans. In 1960 the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) requested the US Central Intelligence Agency's file on Schwägermann. Labora was later sold as a front company to the BND. According to Erich Kuby, in 1965 Schwägermann was a federal civil servant in Munich.

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Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
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