Английская Википедия:GHS hazard pictograms
Шаблон:Short description Hazard pictograms form part of the international Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). Two sets of pictograms are included within the GHS: one for the labelling of containers and for workplace hazard warnings, and a second for use during the transport of dangerous goods. Either one or the other is chosen, depending on the target audience, but the two are not used together for the same hazard.[1] The two sets of pictograms use the same symbols for the same hazards, although certain symbols are not required for transport pictograms. Transport pictograms come in wider variety of colors and may contain additional information such as a subcategory number.
Hazard pictograms are one of the key elements for the labelling of containers under the GHS, along with:[2]
- an identification of the product;
- a signal word – either Danger or Warning – where necessary
- hazard statements, indicating the nature and degree of the risks posed by the product
- precautionary statements, indicating how the product should be handled to minimize risks to the user (as well as to other people and the general environment)
- the identity of the supplier (who might be a manufacturer or importer)
The GHS chemical hazard pictograms are intended to provide the basis for or to replace national systems of hazard pictograms. It has still to be implemented by the European Union (CLP regulation) in 2009.
The GHS transport pictograms are the same as those recommended in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, widely implemented in national regulations such as the U.S. Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 5101–5128) and D.O.T. regulations at 49 C.F.R. 100–185.
Physical hazards pictograms
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:GHS-pictogram-explos.svg |
Шаблон:Furthere.g. azidoazide azide, TNT, chromyl chloride, nitroglycerin | |
GHS01: Explosive | ||
Файл:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg |
Шаблон:Furthere.g. acetone, methanol, generally most solvents. | |
GHS02: Flammable | ||
Файл:GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg |
Шаблон:Furthere.g. hydrogen peroxide, most halogens, potassium permanganate, nitric acid | |
GHS03: Oxidizing | ||
Файл:GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg | ||
GHS04: Compressed Gas | ||
Файл:GHS-pictogram-acid.svg |
Шаблон:FurtherStrong acids/bases (nitric acid, sodium hydroxide), calcium oxide, anhydrous zinc chloride can be corrosive | |
GHS05: Corrosive | ||
| ||
no pictogram required |
Health hazards pictograms
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg |
| |
GHS06: Toxic | ||
Файл:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg |
Not used[3]
| |
GHS07: Harmful | ||
Файл:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg |
| |
GHS08: Health hazard | ||
| ||
no pictogram required |
Physical and health hazard pictograms
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:GHS-pictogram-acid.svg |
| |
GHS05: Corrosive |
Environmental hazards pictograms
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg |
| |
GHS09: Environmental hazard | ||
| ||
no pictogram required |
Transport pictograms
Class 1: Explosives
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:ADR 1.svg |
Note: The asterisks are replaced by the class number and compatibility code | |
Divisions 1.1–1.3 | ||
Файл:ADR 1.4.svg |
Explosives – Substances and articles which are classified as explosives but which present no significant hazard Note: The asterisk is replaced by the compatibility code | |
Division 1.4 | ||
Файл:ADR 1.5.svg |
Explosives – Very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard Note: The asterisk is replaced by the compatibility code | |
Division 1.5 | ||
Файл:ADR 1.6.svg |
Explosives – No hazard statement Note: The asterisk is replaced by the compatibility code | |
Division 1.6 |
Class 2: Gases
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:ADR 2.1.svg |
Flammable gases – Gases which at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa:
Файл:UN transport pictogram - 2 (white).svg Alternative sign | |
Division 2.1 | ||
Файл:ADR 2.2.svg |
Non-flammable non-toxic gases – Gases which:
Файл:UN transport pictogram - 2 (gas-white).svg Alternative sign | |
Division 2.2 | ||
Файл:ADR 2.3.svg |
Toxic gases – Gases which:
e.g. hydrogen cyanide | |
Division 2.3 |
Classes 3 and 4: Flammable liquids and solids
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:ADR 3.svg |
Flammable liquids – Liquids which have a flash point of less than 60 °C and which are capable of sustaining combustion Файл:UN transport pictogram - 3 (white).svg Alternative sign | |
Class 3 | ||
Файл:ADR 4.1.svg | ||
Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitized explosives – Solids which, under conditions encountered in transport, are readily combustible or may cause or contribute to fire through friction; self-reactive substances which are liable to undergo a strongly exothermic reaction; solid desensitized explosives which may explode if not diluted sufficiently | ||
Division 4.1 | ||
Файл:ADR 4.2.svg |
Substances liable to spontaneous combustion – Substances which are liable to spontaneous heating under normal conditions encountered in transport, or to heating up in contact with air, and being then liable to catch fire e.g. manganese heptoxide | |
Division 4.2 | ||
Файл:ADR 4.3.svg |
Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases – Substances which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities Файл:UN transport pictogram - 4 (white).svg Alternative sign | |
Division 4.3 |
Other GHS transport classes
Pictogram | Usage | |
---|---|---|
Файл:ADR 5.1.svg |
Oxidizing substances – Substances which, while in themselves not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material | |
Division 5.1 | ||
Файл:UN transport pictogram - 5.2 (black).svg |
Organic peroxides – Organic substances which contain the bivalent –O–O– structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals Файл:UN transport pictogram - 5.2 (white).svg Alternative sign | |
Division 5.2 | ||
Файл:UN transport pictogram - 6.svg |
Toxic substances – Substances with an LD50 value ≤ 300 mg/kg (oral) or ≤ 1000 mg/kg (dermal) or an LC50 value ≤ 4000 ml/m3 (inhalation of dusts or mists) e.g. nearly everything that contains cyanide groups | |
Division 6.1 | ||
Файл:UN transport pictogram - 8.svg |
Corrosive substances – Substances which:
| |
Class 8 |
Non-GHS transport pictograms
The following pictograms are included in the UN Model Regulations but have not been incorporated into the GHS because of the nature of the hazards.
Файл:ADR 6.2.svg | Файл:ADR 7A.svg | Файл:ADR 7B.svg | Файл:ADR 7C.svg | Файл:ADR 7E.svg | Файл:ADR 9.svg |
Class 6.2 | Class 7 | Class 9 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infectious substances | Radioactive material | Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles |
See also
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
- Hazard symbol
- HMIS Color Bar
- Hazchem
- Hazmat
- NFPA 704
Notes
References
- Шаблон:Citation (the "CLP Regulation")
- Шаблон:UNModRegs ("UN Model Regulations Rev.15")
- Шаблон:UNTestManual ("UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev.4")
External links
- GHS pictogram gallery from the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe