Английская Википедия:GPUOpen

Шаблон:Infobox software GPUOpen is a middleware software suite originally developed by AMD's Radeon Technologies Group that offers advanced visual effects for computer games. It was released in 2016. GPUOpen serves as an alternative to, and a direct competitor of Nvidia GameWorks. GPUOpen is similar to GameWorks in that it encompasses several different graphics technologies as its main components that were previously independent and separate from one another.^[1] However, GPUOpen is partially open source software, unlike GameWorks which is proprietary and closed.

History

GPUOpen was announced on December 15, 2015,^[2]^[3]^[1]^[4]^[5] and released on January 26, 2016.

Rationale

Nicolas Thibieroz, AMD's Senior Manager of Worldwide Gaming Engineering, argues that "it can be difficult for developers to leverage their R&D investment on both consoles and PC because of the disparity between the two platforms" and that "proprietary libraries or tools chains with "black box" APIs prevent developers from accessing the code for maintenance, porting or optimizations purposes".^[6] He says that upcoming architectures, such as AMD's RX 400 series "include many features not exposed today in PC graphics APIs".

AMD designed GPUOpen to be a competing open-source middleware stack released under the MIT License. The libraries are intended to increase software portability between video game consoles, PCs and also high-performance computing.^[7]

Components

GPUOpen unifies many of AMD's previously separate tools and solutions into one package, also fully open-sourcing them under the MIT License.^[3] GPUOpen also makes it easy for developers to get low-level GPU access.^[8]

Additionally AMD wants to grant interested developers the kind of low-level "direct access" to their GCN-based GPUs, that surpasses the possibilities of Direct3D 12 or Vulkan. AMD mentioned e.g. a low-level access to the Asynchronous Compute Engines (ACEs). The ACE implement "Asynchronous Compute", but they cannot be freely configured under either Vulkan or Direct3D 12.

GPUOpen is made up of several main components, tools, and SDKs.^[1]

Games and CGI

Software for computer-generated imagery (CGI) used in development of computer games and movies alike.

Visual effects libraries

**GPUOpen Visual Effects Libraries**^[9]
Name	API	Source	Description
TressFX	DirectX 12, Vulkan	GitHub	This visual effects library allows the creation of realistic hair, fur, and grass.
GeometryFX	DirectX 11	GitHub	This library allows easy access to compute-based triangle filtering.
DepthOfFieldFX	DirectX 11	GitHub	This library grants access to a depth of field implementation optimized for the GCN GPU architecture via a compute shader.
ShadowFX	DirectX 11, DirectX 12	GitHub	This library grants access to an implementation for deferred shadow filtering that is optimized for the GCN GPU architecture.
FidelityFX	DirectX 11, DirectX 12, Vulkan	GitHub	FidelityFX is a suite of visual effects and effects-helper libraries.

FidelityFX

**FidelityFX Components**^[10]
Name	Algorithm	Source	Description
FidelityFX CAS	Contrast Adaptive Sharpening	GitHub	This algorithm adaptively sharpens an image or scene while minimizing artifacts.
FidelityFX CACAO	Combined Adaptive Compute Ambient Occlusion	GitHub	This algorithm is an optimized implementation of adaptive sampling ambient occlusion.
FidelityFX LPM	Luminance Preserving Mapper	GitHub	This algorithm is used to tone map the luma of an RGB pixel rather than tone mapping the color of the pixel.
FidelityFX SPD	Single Pass Downsampler	GitHub	This algorithm, optimized for the RDNA GPU architecture, is used to generate 12 MIP levels for a given texture.
FidelityFX SSSR	Stochastic Screen Space Reflections	GitHub	This algorithm is used to add screen space reflections to a frame or scene.
FidelityFX VS	Variable Shading	GitHub	This algorithm is used to generate image-based variable rate shading using the luminance of samples in the prior frame.
FidelityFX Parallel Sort	Radix Sort	GitHub	This algorithm provides a compute-based radix sort.
FidelityFX Denoiser	Shadow & Reflection Denoiser	GitHub	This algorithm provides denoising functionality for ray-traced shadows and ray-traced or screen-space reflections.
FidelityFX Super Resolution 1	Spatial Upsampler	GitHub	This algorithm is used to upsample an image or frame into a higher resolution using only the spatial information provided in the input frame.
FidelityFX Super Resolution 2	Temporal Upscaler	GitHub	This algorithm is used to upscale frame(s) into a higher resolution using the temporal information provided by input frames.

FidelityFX Super Resolution

FidelityFX Super Resolution (FSR) is used to upsample an input image into a higher resolution. There are multiple version of FSR with distinctive upscaling technique and image quality:

FSR 1 is a spatial upscaler based on the Lanczos algorithm requiring an anti-aliased lower resolution image.
FSR 2 is a temporal upscaler based on a modified Lanczos requiring an aliased lower resolution image and utilising the temporal data (such as motion vectors and frame history) and then applies its own anti aliasing pass which replaces the game's temporal anti-aliasing solution.
FSR 3 adds frame generation and "native anti-aliasing". Frame generation increases the perceived frame rate of a game. "Native anti-aliasing", similar to Nvidia's DLAA, can be used without upscaling for improved anti-aliasing; it can also be combined with frame generation and Anti-Lag+.^[11]^[12]

The standard presets for FSR by AMD can be found in the table below. Note that these presets are not the only way in which the algorithm can be used, they are simply presets for input/output resolutions. Certain titles, such as Dota 2 have offered resolution sliders to fine tune the scaling percentage or dynamically scaling the internal render resolution depending on the FPS cap.

**Release history**
ReleaseШаблон:Efn	Release date	Highlights
1.0 / 1.0.1	Jun 2021	FidelityFX Super Resolution (FSR) launch, source code available July 2021.^[13]^[14]
1.0.2	Nov 2021	Robust Contrast-Adaptive Sharpening (RCAS) oversharpening hotfix.^[15]
1.1	Jul 2023	Available as part of FidelityFX SDK.^[16]
2.0.1 / 2.0.1a	Mar 2022	FidelityFX Super Resolution 2.0 (FSR 2) launch, source code available June 2022.^[17]^[18]
2.1.0	Sep 2022	Reduced ghosting and improved upscaling quality. Farming Simulator 2022 was one of early adopters with patch 1.7.1.^[19]
2.1.1	Sep 2022	^[20]
2.1.2	Oct 2022	^[21]
2.2.0 / 2.2.0a	Nov 2022	HDR range improvements, ghosting and flickering artefacts reduction. Source code available February 2023.^[22]
2.2.1	Jun 2023	^[23]
2.2.2	Jul 2023	Available as part of FidelityFX SDK.^[16]^[24]
3	Sep 2023	FSR 3 adds frame generation combined with FSR 2 and Anti-Lag+ and supports GPUs from AMD, Nvidia, and Intel. FSR 3 is also compatible with the ninth generation of video game consoles.^[11]

**Standard FSR presets**^[25]^[26]
Quality PresetШаблон:Efn	Scale FactorШаблон:Efn	Render ScaleШаблон:Efn
Ultra Quality_{v1.0 only}	1.30x	77.0%
Quality	1.50x	66.6%
Balanced	1.70x	58.8%
Performance	2.00x	50.0%
Ultra Performance_{since v2.0}	3.00x	33.3%

FSR 2 can also be modded into nearly any game supporting DLSS by swapping the DLSS DLL with a translation layer DLL that maps the DLSS API calls to FSR 2 API calls.^[27]

Шаблон:Notelist

Frame Generation

FSR 3 adds frame generation. Launching in September 2023, FSR 3 uses a combination of FSR 2 and optical flow analysis, which runs using asynchronous compute (as opposed to Nvidia's DLSS 3 which uses dedicated hardware). Because FSR 3 uses a software-based solution, it is compatible with GPUs from AMD, Nvidia, and Intel as well as the ninth generation of video game consoles. To combat additional latency inherent to the frame generation process, AMD has a driver-level feature called Anti-Lag, which only runs on AMD GPUs.^[11]

AMD Fluid Motion Frames (AFMF) is a driver-level frame generation technology launching in Q1 2024 which is compatible with all DirectX 11 and DirectX 12 games, however it runs on RDNA 2 and RDNA 3 GPUs. AFMF uses optical flow analysis but not motion vectors, so it can only interpolate a new frame between two traditionally rendered frames. AFMF currently is not compatible with VSYNC.^[11]

Tools

The official AMD directory lists:^[28]

Name	source-code	API	OS	Task
CodeXL	CodeXL	Direct3D, OpenGL, OpenCL, Vulkan	Linux Windows	software development tool suite that includes a GPU debugger, a GPU profiler, a CPU profiler, a static OpenCL kernel analyzer and various plugins.^[29]
static analyzer for AMD CodeXL	amd-codexl-analyzer	Direct3D, OpenGL, OpenCL	Linux Windows 64bit	Off-line compiler and performance analysis CLI-tool for processing: OpenCL kernels, HLSL shaders and GLSL shaders part of the AMD CodeXL tools suite Requires either Radeon Software Crimson Edition or AMD Catalyst to be installed to run this tool.^[30]
D3D 12 plug-in for GPU PerfStudio	amd-gpuperfstudio-dx12	Direct3D 12	Windows	a plug-in to GPU PerfStudio GPU perfstudio^[31]
Tootle	amd-tootle	agnostic	Linux Windows	Triangle Order Optimization Tool; originally developed in 2006; can be easily integrated as part of a rendering or mesh pre-processing tool chain^[32] Cf. http://mgarland.org/files/papers/quadrics.pdf

Having been released by ATI Technologies under the BSD license in 2006 HLSL2GLSL is not part of GPUOpen. Whether similar tools for SPIR-V will be available remains to be seen, as is the official release of the Vulkan (API) itself. Source-code that has been defined as being part of GPUOpen is also part of the Linux kernel (e.g. amdgpu and amdkfd^[33]), Mesa 3D and LLVM.

Software development kits

Name	Source	API	OS	Task
Advanced Media Framework (AMF) SDK	GitHub	DirectX 12	Windows 64-bit	Light-weight, portable multimedia framework that abstracts away most of the platform and API-specific details.
FireRays (RadeonRays) SDK	GitHub	agnostic	64-bit Linux, OS X, 64-bit Windows	A high efficiency, high performance heterogeneous ray tracing intersection library for GPU and CPU or APU on any platform.
FireRender (ProRender) SDK	GitHub			physically-based rendering engine
LiquidVR SDK	GitHub	Direct3D 11	Windows	improves the smoothness of virtual reality.^[34] The aim is to reduce latency between hardware so that the hardware can keep up with the user's head movement, eliminating the motion sickness. A particular focus is on dual GPU setups where each GPU will now render for one eye individually of the display
RapidFire SDK	GitHub			facilitates the use of AMD's video compression acceleration SIP blocks VCE (H.264 encoder) and UVD (H.264 decoder) for "Cloud gaming"/off-site rendering
True Audio Next (TAN) SDK	GitHub	OpenCL	Windows 64-bit	SDK for Radeon GPU accelerated and multi-core high-performance audio signal processing.

Professional Compute

Шаблон:Update section As of 2022, AMD compute software ecosystem is regrouped under the ROCm metaproject.

Файл:Linux AMD graphics stack.svg

AMD Boltzmann Initiative: amdgpu (Linux kernel 4.2+) and amdkfd (Linux kernel 3.19+)

Software around Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA), General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) and High-Performance Computing (HPC)

Шаблон:AnchorRadeon Open Compute (ROCm)

Шаблон:Main

AMD's "Boltzmann Initiative" (named after Ludwig Boltzmann) was announced in November 2015 at the SuperComputing15^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] and productized as the Radeon Open Compute platform (ROCm). It aims to provide an alternative to Nvidia's CUDA which includes a tool to port CUDA source-code to portable (HIP) source-code which can be compiled on both HCC and NVCC.

Radeon Open Compute Kernel (ROCK) driver
Radeon Open Compute Runtime (ROCR) runtime
HCC: Heterogeneous Compute Compiler
HIP: C++ Heterogeneous-Compute Interface for Portability

Heterogeneous System Architecture

Шаблон:Main

HSAIL-GDB: provides an GNU Debugger-based debugging environment for HSA Intermediate Layer (HSAIL)
HSA Runtime APIs
Linux amdkfd v1.6.1 release for Kaveri & Carrizo

Various Шаблон:Dc

clFFT library for Fast Fourier transform written in OpenCL
hcFFT library for Fast Fourier transform written in HCC-optimized C++

Availability

GPUOpen are available under the MIT license to the general public through GitHub starting on January 26, 2016.^[3]

There is interlocking between GPUOpen and well established and widespread free software projects, e.g. Linux kernel, Mesa 3D and LLVM.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Official website
List of games that support high-fidelity upscaling - List moved from Wikipedia to PCGamingWiki

Шаблон:AMD graphics

[tom2015-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Шаблон:Cite web

[maxpc2015-2] Шаблон:Cite web

[anand2015-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Шаблон:Cite web

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[EuroGamerFSR3-11] 11,0 ^11,1 ^11,2 ^11,3 Шаблон:Cite web

[VergeStarfield-12] Шаблон:Cite web

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