Английская Википедия:Gaborone Dam

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox dam The Gaborone Dam is a dam on the Notwane River in Botswana with a capacity of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The dam is operated by the Water Utilities Corporation, and supplies water to the capital city of Gaborone.Шаблон:Sfn

Location

The Gaborone Dam is located south of Gaborone along the Gaborone-Lobatse road, and provides water for both Gaborone and Lobatse.Шаблон:Sfn The effective catchment area covers about Шаблон:Convert, drained by the Notwane river and the lesser Taung, Metsemaswaane and Nywane rivers.Шаблон:Sfn Between 1971 and 2000, average annual rainfall was between Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert. Temperatures range from Шаблон:Convert in winter to Шаблон:Convert in summer. Average potential evapotranspiration is about Шаблон:Convert annually.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

Description

The dam construction began in 1963, capturing water from the Notwane River, at a time when the new capital city of Gaborone was in the planning stages.Шаблон:Sfn The original dam was completed in 1964.Шаблон:Sfn The dam is an earthcore fill structure.Шаблон:Sfn During the 1965-66 rainy season the reservoir filled and overflowed.Шаблон:Sfn

Between 1983 and 1985 the dam was raised by Шаблон:Convert to increase capacity, reaching a maximum height of Шаблон:Convert and a length of Шаблон:Convert. Raising the dam had to be done extremely carefully to ensure that the impervious upstream zone of the dam remained intact and was extended up the raised bank.Шаблон:Sfn Most of the reservoir is less than Шаблон:Convert deep.Шаблон:Sfn The surface area of the reservoir when full is Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Until completion of the Dikgatlhong Dam in 2011, the Gaborone dam was the largest in Botswana.Шаблон:Sfn

Issues

After the dam was opened and filled, the average water levels began to drop. In the part, this was due to a cyclical change in rainfall, reducing the amount of water fed into the reservoir and increasing the impact of evaporation in the hot, dry climate. In part it was due to growth of the city and growing per-capita demand for water as the population became more affluent, using water for purposes such as filling swimming pools and washing cars. By the end of 2002 the reservoir was 79% full, and by the start of 2004 it was 54% full.Шаблон:Sfn By the end of 2004 the reservoir was just 27% full and the government was forced to impose harsh restrictions on water use.Шаблон:Sfn By September 2005 the reservoir was down to 17% full, or Шаблон:Convert per citizen of Gaborone.Шаблон:Sfn

In the drought-prone country, the water supply is a constant concern. A neon signboard in the city informs residents how full the reservoir is.Шаблон:Sfn The reservoir and the green buffer zone that surrounds it are the largest and most fragile ecosystem in the Gaborone area.Шаблон:Sfn A book published in 2004 noted that storm water drainage is poor in Gaborone, causing recurring street floods, and that pit latrines and overflowing sewage ponds endanger the water in the reservoir.Шаблон:Sfn

Reservoir use

The reservoir is starting to be marketed as a recreational area. The northern end of the reservoir is planned to become an entertainment venue called The Waterfront.Шаблон:Sfn There is a yacht club, called Gaborone Yacht Club, on the northern side of the lake.Шаблон:Sfn The southern end houses the Kalahari Fishing Club and a new public facility called City Scapes. City Scapes contains parks, playgrounds, and boating facilities.Шаблон:Sfn The dam is popular with birdwatchers, windsurfers, and anglers.Шаблон:Sfn However, there is no swimming due to crocodiles and parasitic bilharzias, which can transmit the serious disease schistosomiasis.Шаблон:Sfn

Gallery

References

Notes Шаблон:Notelist Citations Шаблон:Reflist Sources Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Dams and reservoirs in Botswana Шаблон:Authority control

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