Английская Википедия:Gabriel León Trilla
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Gabriel León Trilla (3 August 1899 – 6 September 1945) was a Spanish communist leader who was one of the founders of the Spanish Communist Party while in exile in Paris in the 1920s. He was expelled from the party in 1932 for supporting the Republican government, but was readmitted at the start of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). During World War II (1939–45) he helped organize Spanish refugees in Spain as members of the French Resistance, then moved to Spain where he ran an underground newspaper. He was assassinated in 1945 on orders of the Communist Party of Spain on the grounds that his independent actions had endangered other communists.
Early years (1899–1939)
Gabriel León Trilla was born in Valladolid in 1899.Шаблон:Sfn His father was an army colonel. He studied in Valladolid and Madrid, and earned a degree in humanities.Шаблон:Sfn He joined the Group of Socialist Students (Grupo de Estudiantes Socialistas, GES), which decided to support the Third International in October 1919.Шаблон:Sfn He moved to France in 1921 to avoid being drafted for the war in Morocco, and in Paris became one of the leaders of the Spanish communists.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn For a period he sympathized with Leon Trotsky.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1924 Trilla became head of the secretariat of the Spanish communist groups in France.Шаблон:Sfn In 1925 Trilla was one of three leaders of the party. José Bullejos was secretary general, Trilla was secretary of agitation and propaganda and Luis Portela was organization secretary.Шаблон:Sfn Trilla represented the Communist Party of Spain (Partido Comunista de España, PCE) in the Communist International (Comintern).Шаблон:Sfn He married Anastasia Filippovna Barmashova in Moscow. They had two daughters. The first died at the age of six months. The second was born in 1931.Шаблон:Sfn
After General José Sanjurjo attempted a coup in Seville in August 1932 the PCE gave its support to the Republic. The Comintern denounced this stand, which it called "opportunism". As a result of this dispute between the PCE and Comintern, Bullejos was expelled from the leadership, as were Trilla, Manuel Adame and Etelvino Vega.Шаблон:Sfn Trilla was forced to leave his family behind when he left Moscow.Шаблон:Sfn Trilla was readmitted to the PCE in 1936.Шаблон:Sfn During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) he again played a leadership role.Шаблон:Sfn
World War II (1939–45)
After the fall of the Republican government in 1939 thousands of Spanish refugees were held in camps in France.Шаблон:Sfn Jesús Monzón organized those who remained into rural labor groups in Vichy France. These became the basis for the Agrupaciones de Guerrilleros Españoles (AGE), the Spanish maquis, which fought against the Germans.Шаблон:Sfn Monzón worked with Trilla in reorganizing the PCE members and placing them in the French Resistance.Шаблон:Sfn Monzón clandestinely entered Spain in the spring of 1943.Шаблон:Sfn In late 1943 Trilla returned to Spain from Nazi-occupied France to work for the PCE in Madrid.Шаблон:Sfn
Trilla and Monzón were recalled to France in 1944, but both feared they would be killed and remained in Spain.Шаблон:Sfn From 1944–45 Trilla edited the clandestine paper Mundo Obrero (Workers' World) in Madrid.Шаблон:Sfn By the summer of 1944 the AGE veterans of the Spanish Republic's Popular Army had made a significant contribution to defeating the Germans in the south of France.Шаблон:Sfn The "Latin Americans" and "Russians" in the PCE leadership frowned on the independent action of the French PCE as "resisters".Шаблон:Sfn Monzón made a failed attempt to start an insurrection against Francisco Franco through an invasion of the Val d'Aran in northern Spain by irregular forces in October 1944. He was accused by the party of collaborating with the enemy.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1945 the guerrilla group of Cristino García, a hero of the French Resistance, was sent to Spain to assassinate Trilla.Шаблон:Sfn There is disagreement about who ordered the assassination. Sergio Villar cites Enrique Líster, who blamed Santiago Carrillo and Dolores Ibárruri.Шаблон:Sfn García refused to carry out the order personally, because "he was a revolutionary and not a murderer". On 6 September 1945 Trilla went to a meeting with three comrades of the PCE in the Campo de las Calaveras, a former cemetery. It was a trap. Two of them held him while the third stabbed him to death.Шаблон:Sfn According to the party "Trilla acted on his own account as an authentic bandit; furthermore his work represented a risk for the underground organization and the security of many Communists. So he was executed by Cristino García's group."Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Authority control
