Английская Википедия:Gachupín
Шаблон:Lang is a Spanish-language term derived from a noble surname of northern Spain, the Cachopín of Laredo (present-day Cantabria). It was popularized during the Spanish Golden Age as a stereotype and literary stock character representing the hidalgo (petty nobility) class which was characterized as arrogant and overbearing. It may also be spelled Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang. The term remained popular in Mexico, where it would come to be used in the Cry of Dolores.
Definitions, origin and use
The Шаблон:Lang (1729) defines Шаблон:Lang as "The Spaniard that goes and lives in the West Indies, called Шаблон:Lang in Peru. The phrase was brought from those countries, and is frequently used in Andalucia, and between merchants en route to the West Indies."[1] Since the 1780 edition, the academic dictionary, recognizes the variant beginning with the letter "g" understood to have arisen in the New World: "In The Indies, where they say Шаблон:Lang" [2] or "Шаблон:Lang".[3] The 1925 edition signals that the etymology is from the Portuguese Шаблон:Lang, or child, and restricts the geographic extent of its use to North America.[4] The current Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy derives it from the term Шаблон:Lang.[5]
In 1992, Antonio Alatorre explained how the term was coined by Jorge de Montemayor in 1557 in his pastoral work Шаблон:Lang,[6][7] because he was amused by the interaction of forms and meanings between this elitist Spanish surname and the word he knew from his native Portuguese Шаблон:Lang, meaning "touchy", "crag", or "boy". In Don Quixote, Cervantes uses the word similarly. This may be a conscious reference to Шаблон:Lang, as later in Don Quixote, a copy of Шаблон:Lang is narrowly rescued from being burnt.[8]
In the Iberian Peninsula, the word would lose this unique meaning, though it would survive in La Mancha into the late twentieth century.[9]
In the 18th century, Friar Servando Teresa de Mier inferred that the etymology of Шаблон:Lang arose from the Nahuatl Шаблон:Lang composed of Шаблон:Lang meaning "shoe", and Шаблон:Lang, meaning "sharp", referring to the Spanish who wore spurs.[10] This method of determining etymology, in use in de Mier's time and earlier, became considered antiquated by the later philology of the 19th-century German Neogrammarians. This school would argue against determining etymology primarily through lexical similarity, and not considering Sound change, which they thought to be the driver of lexical evolution.[11]
The word took root especially in Mexico and Central America, referring to the idea of the upstart Spaniard. In the 19th century it was used in pro-independence slogans such as Шаблон:Lang ("Death to the peninsulares") as part of one version of Miguel Hidalgo's Cry of Dolores.[12] Ramón María del Valle-Inclán would bring the word back into the continental vocabulary in his 1926 novel Шаблон:Lang.[13]
The word may be used colloquially either ironically or to indicate disrespect, depending on the context.[14]
Examples
- Шаблон:Lang, 1559, Jorge de Montemayor, Шаблон:Lang
- Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang, 1591, J. de Cárdenas, Problemas y Secretos Maravillosos de las Indias.
- Шаблон:Lang, 1605 Cervantes, Don Quixote
- Шаблон:Lang Cry of Dolores
See also
References
- ↑ Diccionario de Autoridades Tomo II (1729)
- ↑ Diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua Española (1780) Pg. 1861
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ DRAE 1925 Pg. 204
- ↑ DRAE 1925 Pg. 204.
- ↑ Jorge de Montemayor: La Diana
- ↑ Alatorre, Antonio, "Historia de la palabra gachupín", in E. Luna Traill (coord.), Scripta Philologica in honorem J. M. Lope Blanch, México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas UNAM, 1992, vol. II., págs. 275-303
- ↑ Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quijote de la Mancha
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite speech
- ↑ Cited by the Mexican Sociologist Norma Angélica Castillo Palma: Cholula, sociedad mestiza en Ciudad India, pg. 114 (Google books).
- ↑ Hale, Mark; Handbook of Historical Linguistics Pg. 343
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite speech
- ↑ Tirano Banderas (1926)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite speech
