Английская Википедия:Gaius Papirius Carbo Arvina

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Gaius Papirius Carbo Arvina (c. 124 – 82 BC) was a Roman orator and politician. He was an opponent of the reforms championed by the tribune Marcus Livius Drusus and the orator Lucius Licinius Crassus, and held the plebeian tribunate the year following Drusus's murder. He held senior state positions in the interlude between the civil wars of 87 and 83 BC, when his cousin, Gnaeus Carbo, dominated the government. Nevertheless, during the war in 82 his loyalty was seen as suspect, causing Arvina to be murdered by government agents during a meeting of the Senate.

Life

Gaius Papirius Carbo Arvina belonged to a large generation of Roman orators whose members were all born around 124 BC and flourished during the youth of Cicero.Шаблон:Sfnm He came from a family (the Papirii Carbones) which was prominent in Roman politics and the Senate during the late 2nd century and early 1st century BC. His father, Gaius Papirius Carbo, consul in 120 BC, had been an ally of the Gracchi brothers, deserting their cause after their deaths, only to commit suicide in 119 BC after being prosecuted by the young and rising orator Lucius Licinius Crassus.

Arvina grew up with bitter resentment for CrassusШаблон:Sfn and was said to have conceived a lifelong enmity towards him.Шаблон:Sfn In 94 BC, Arvina followed Crassus to Gaul, of which the latter had been appointed governor, with the secret intention of gathering evidence with which he might prosecute Crassus for maladministration. Not only did Carbo find nothing incriminating within the governor's impeccable administration,Шаблон:Sfn but Crassus found out about Carbo's intentions and decided, to the surprise of later commentators, to incorporate him into his close circle of advisors. As a result, "the keen and bitter Carbo got nothing from his trip to Gaul, except the realization that his father had been guilty and had been sent into exile by a man of complete integrity".Шаблон:Sfn

In 91 BC, Carbo Arvina was an opponent of the abortive political reforms promoted Crassus and his pupil, the tribune Marcus Livius Drusus.Шаблон:Sfn The following year he was a tribune of the plebs, and was very frequently seen giving speeches in the Rostra (denouncing Drusus, who had been murdered the previous year, in one of them).Шаблон:Sfn He is known for the law (Шаблон:Lang) carried by him and Marcus Plautius Silvanus while tribunes of the people in 90 (or 89), whereby the Roman franchise was offered to every Italian ally domiciled in Italy at the time when the law was enacted, provided he made application personally within sixty days to the praetor at Rome. The object of the law was to conciliate the states at war with Rome and to secure the loyalty of the federate states.Шаблон:Sfn

During the interlude between the civil wars of 87 and 82 BC, Arvina made some rare appearances in the courts as an advocate;Шаблон:Sfn Cicero describes him as one of the few orators of note still active at the time.Шаблон:Sfn He cooperated carefully with the government at the time, which was dominated by Cornelius Cinna and Arvina's cousin, Gnaeus Carbo,Шаблон:Sfn and held the office of praetor in one of those years.Шаблон:Sfn In 82 BC, during the government's civil war against the renegade general Sulla, the faction in power became suspicious of Arvina's loyalty, notwithstanding his relation to the consul Gnaeus Carbo,Шаблон:Sfn and arranged for him and other unreliable senators to be murdered during a senate meeting in the Curia Hostilia.Шаблон:Sfn According to Appian, he was slain while still seated.Шаблон:Sfn His head was torn off, affixed to a cross, and set up on public display, whereas his corpse was thrown into the Tiber river.Шаблон:Sfnm

Cicero, who heard the tribunes of 90 BC speak in the popular assemblies,Шаблон:Sfn identified Arvina as a second class orator, and described his style of rhetoric as follows: "his language was tolerably nervous, he spoke with ease, and there was an air of authority in his address that was perfectly natural".Шаблон:Sfn Cicero also considered him the only member of the Papirius Carbo family who was a good citizen.Шаблон:Sfn Arvina may be the father of Gaius Papirius Carbo, a senator condemned for extortion while as governor of Bithynia.Шаблон:Sfn

Citations

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References

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