Английская Википедия:Gakhars
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The Gakhar (Punjabi: گاکھر) are a Punjabi clan found predominantly in the Jhelum District and Gujranwala District in Punjab, Pakistan.[1] The Gakhars now predominantly follow Islam after conversion from Hinduism during the Islamic rule of north India.[2][3][4]
Medieval history
The Gakhars had engaged in a long-running struggle for sovereignty over the Salt Range.[5] After the arrival of Muhammad of Ghor to medieval India, the Gakhars converted from Hinduism to Islam.[2]
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Kamal Khan Ghakkar defeats Sultan Adam Ghakkar
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Rajah Ali Gour, a Ghakkar chief
18th century
In the early 18th century, Gakhars gained independence from Mughals. They controlled major regions of Potohar between Jhelum and Indus, including Rawalpindi, Pharwala, Gujar Khan, Kahuta, Fatehjang and Rohtas.[6] The notable Gakhar chief Muqarrab Khan conquered cities of Gujrat and Jhelum in 1740.[7] He issued his own coins in which he claimed to be ruler of tract between Attock and Chenab.[7] He defeated the Yusafzai Afghans and Jang Kuli Khan of Khattak and overran as far north as Bhimber.[7] However, the Bhangi misl under Sardar Milka Singh forced him to give up control of Gujarat in 1765 and he returned to Jehlum.[7] In 1769 he was treacherously captured and put to death by a rival chief, Himmat Khan of Bugial clan. Ultimately Sikhs conquered Rawalpindi too in 1767 and Gakhars were left with only Phurwala and Jhelum under their control.[7] Muqarrab's son succeeded to his dominions, until Jhelum (1810) and Pharwala (1818) fell to the Ranjit Singh's invasions.[7]
See also
- Sarang Gakhar, Chief of Gakhars
- List of Punjabi tribes
- Gakhar Mandi
References
Further reading
- Gakkhar, A. S Bazmee Ansari, in Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed.,Edited by J.H.Kramers et al., E.J Brill, Leiden, pp. 972–74.
Шаблон:Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab Шаблон:Authority control
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